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Kirkuk Governorate

Governorate of Iraq

Field	Value
official_name	Kirkuk Governorate
native_name
translit_lang1	Name
translit_lang1_type	Arabic
translit_lang1_info	محافظة كركوك
(ar)
translit_lang1_type1	Kurdish
translit_lang1_info1	پارێزگای کەرکووک
(Parêzgayi Kerkûk)
translit_lang1_type2	Turkmen
translit_lang1_info2	Kerkük Valiliği
translit_lang1_type3	Syriac
translit_lang1_info3	ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܟܪܟܘܟ
(syc)
settlement_type	Governorate
image_flag	Flag of Kirkuk Governorate.svg
flag_size	120px
image_map	Kirkuk in Iraq.svg
coordinates
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name	(Disputed territories of Northern Iraq)
subdivision_type3	Capital
subdivision_type4	Governor
subdivision_name3	Kirkuk
blank_name_sec1	Official language(s)
blank_info_sec1	Arabic, Kurdish, Syriac and Turkish
government_type	Provincial government
area_total_km2	9679
population_total	1,597,876
population_as_of	2018
blank_name_sec2	HDI (2018)
blank_info_sec2	0.708
· 1st of 17
iso_code	IQ-KI

(ar) (Parêzgayi Kerkûk) (syc) · 1st of 17

Kirkuk Governorate or Kirkuk Province is a governorate in northern Iraq. The governorate has an area of 9679 km2. In 2017, the estimated population was 1,259,561 people. The provincial capital is the city of Kirkuk. It is divided into four districts.

The province was named Kirkuk Governorate until 1976, when it was named At-Ta'mim Governorate, meaning "nationalization", referring to the national ownership of the regional oil and natural gas reserves. In 2006, the name "Kirkuk Governorate" was restored.

Governorate government

Governor: Rakkan Saeed al-Jabbouri

Districts

District	Total population, 2018
Kirkuk	974,824
Dibis	50,241
Daquq	66,433
Hawija	120,679

Demographics

Kirkuk Governorate borders were altered in 1976; when 4 districts were added to the Sulaymaniya, Diyala and Saladin Governorates. The Kirkuk Governorate received the Arab populated Zab District from the Mosul Governorate.

With the Arabization policies of the Ba'ath party, the number of Arabs in official censuses increased fivefold within 40 years, however the most reliable data indicative of the ethnic breakdown of the governorate are those of the 1957 census. The number of Kurds remained relatively constant from 1957 until 1977, decrease in their numbers coincides with the Arabization process in the 1990s. The Turkmens were seriously affected by the Ba'ath changing Kirkuk borders their percentage fell from 21% to 7%.

Starting from 1977, 2,000 Christians (Assyrians) were registered as Arabs. From the end of the Gulf War to 1999, about 11,000 Kurdish families were deported from Kirkuk. Since the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, 100,000 Kurds have returned to the city of Kirkuk.

Statistics

Ethnic data from a League of Nations report from 1925 and British data from 1924, 1930 and 1931 (the province had different borders during these years):

Ethnicity	author1=Fuat Dundar	title=British Use of Statistics in the Iraqi Kurdish Question (1919–1932)	journal=	access-date=12 November 2019}}
Kurdish	79,646	47,500	67,703	77,608
Turkmen/Turk	28,395	26,100	28,741	28,741
Arab	35,649	35,650	26,561	26,561
Jewish	1,703	-	6,742	2,472
Christian	1,000	2,400	1,228	1,228
Other		-	-	192
Total	146,393	111,650	136,705	136,802

Mother tongue	1947 (Ethnicity)	Percentage	1957	Percentage	1977	Percentage	1997	Percentage
Arabic			109,620	28%	218,755	45%	544,596	72%
Kurdish	author1=C. J. Edmonds	page=438	title=Kurds, Turks and Arabs, Politics, Travel and Research in North-Eastern Iraq, 1919-1925	date=1957	publisher=Oxford University Press	access-date=17 November 2019	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qm26AAAAIAAJ}}	53%	187,593	48%	184,875	38%	155,861	21%
Turkish			83,371	21%	80,347	17%	50,099	7%
Syriac			1,605	0.4%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Hebrew	4,042		123	0.003%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Other			6,545	1.77%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total	285,900		388,829		483,977		752,745

A report by the International Crisis Group points out that figures from 1977 and 1997 censuses "are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation" because Iraqi citizens were only allowed to indicate belonging to either the Arab or Kurdish ethnic groups; consequently, this skewed the number of other ethnic minorities, such as Iraq's third largest ethnic group – the Turkmen.

2018 election results

The following is the results of the 2018 Iraqi parliamentary election in the Kirkuk governorate. Election results are often used to estimate the demographics of the region. However, Iraqi citizens do not necessary vote for parties based on its ethnic affiliation.

Party	Total vote	Percentage	Seats	Total
	Patriotic Union of Kurdistan	183,283		6
	Arab Alliance of Kirkuk	84,102		3
	Turkman Front of Kirkuk	79,694		3
	Victory Coalition	24,328		0
	Conquest Alliance	18,427		0
	National Coalition	14,979		0
	Nishtiman coalition
Movement for Change
Coalition for Democracy and Justice
Kurdistan Islamic Group	14,118		0
	New Generation Movement	13,096		0
	Chaldean Coalition
Reserved Christian Seat	4,864		1
	Kurdistan Islamic Group	4,631		0
	Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council	3,810		0
	Others	39,286		0

Archeological sites

Archeological sites in the governorate include Arrapḫa, Nuzi and Lubdu, which all date back several thousand years. Arrapha is located within the modern city of Kirkuk, Nuzi is identified with the site of Yorghan Tepe and the location of Lubdu isn't certain, but considered to be at Tall Buldagh.

Notes

References

(1 March 2010). "The Kirkuk Problem and Article 140 of the Iraqi Constitution: The Kirkuk Problem.".
"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab".
"الرئيسية".
"کۆبوونەوەی ئەنجوومەنی پارێزگای کەرکووک شکستی هێنا".
(17 October 2019). "Hevpeymanîya Kurdistanî bi 96 namzedan dikeve hilbijartinan". Rûpela nû.
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology, Iraq
Kurdistan24. "Iraqi court issues arrest warrant for acting gov. of Kirkuk on 'corruption involvement'".
Mohammed, Ihsan. (2017). "Nation Building in Kurdistan". Routledge.
Mohammed, Ihsan. (2017). "Nation Building in Kurdistan". Routledge.
(2009). "Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise". University of Pennsylvania Press.
(2009). "Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise". University of Pennsylvania Press.
(20 February 1999). "An ancient tragedy". The Economist.
"The Militant - March 28, 2005 -- Iraqi Kurds make progress toward return to oil-rich Kirkuk".
(2012). "British Use of Statistics in the Iraqi Kurdish Question (1919–1932)".
(2012). "British Use of Statistics in the Iraqi Kurdish Question (1919–1932)".
(2012). "British Use of Statistics in the Iraqi Kurdish Question (1919–1932)".
(1957). "Kurds, Turks and Arabs, Politics, Travel and Research in North-Eastern Iraq, 1919-1925". Oxford University Press.
(1986). "The lure of Zion: the case of the Iraqi Jews".
(2008). "Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?". [[International Crisis Group]].
"IHEC results - Kirkuk".
(2015). "Reviewed Work: Siedlungsgeschichte im mittleren Osttigrisgebiet. Vom Neolithikum bis in die neuassyrische Zeit (= Abhandlungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 28)". Archiv für Orientforschung.

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