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Kingdom of Portugal

Kingdom in Southwestern Europe (1139–1910)

Kingdom in Southwestern Europe (1139–1910)

FieldValue
native_namela
pt
conventional_long_nameKingdom of Portugal
common_namePortugal
year_start1143
life_span1143–1910
iso3166codeomit
coordinates
event_preBattle of Ourique
date_pre25 July 1139
event_startTreaty of Zamora
date_start5 October
event_endRevolution of 1910
date_end5 October
year_end1910
event1Avis dynasty
date_event115 October 1385
event2Philippine dynasty
date_event225 March 1581
event3Restoration of Independence
date_event31 December 1640
event4Lisbon Regicide
date_event41 February 1908
p1County of Portugal
flag_p1PortugueseFlag1095.svg
p2Couto Misto
flag_p2Flag of the Couto Misto.svg
s1First Portuguese Republic
flag_s1Flag of Portugal.svg
s2Empire of Brazil
flag_s2Flag of Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg
image_flagFlag of Portugal (1830–1910).svg
flagFlag of Portugal#1830–1910
image_coatCoats of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834 to 1910) - Lesser.png
symbolCoat of arms of Portugal#Escutcheons erected
flag_typeFlag
(1830–1910)
symbol_typeCoat of arms
(1834–1910)
image_mapPortuguese empire 1800.svg
image_map_captionThe Kingdom of Portugal in 1800
national_motto
"In this sign thou shalt conquer"
national_anthem"Hymno Patriótico" (1809–1834)
"Patriotic Anthem"
Hino da Carta (1834–1910)
"Anthem of the Charter"
official_languages{{hlist
capitalCoimbra
(until 1255)
Lisbon
(1255–1910)
religionRoman Catholicism (official)
government_typeFeudal constitutional monarchy
(until 1698)
Absolute monarchy
(1698–1822; 1823–1826; 1828–1834)
Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy
(1822–1823; 1826–1828; 1834–1910)
leader1Afonso I
leader2Manuel II
year_leader11139–1185 (first)
year_leader21908–1910 (last)
title_leaderMonarch
deputy1Marquis of Palmela
deputy2Teixeira de Sousa
year_deputy11834–1835 (first)
year_deputy21910 (last)
title_deputyPrime Minister
legislatureCortes
(until 1706; 1816–1822)
None (rule by decree)
(1698–1822; 1823–1826; 1828–1834)
The General and Extraordinary Cortes of the Portuguese Nation
(1822–1822)
Cortes Gerais
(1822–1823; 1826–1828; 1834–1910)
house1Chamber of Peers
(1822–1838; 1842–1910)
Chamber of Senators
(1838–1842)
type_house1Upper house
house2Chamber of Deputies
(1822–1910)
type_house2Lower house
ref_pop1
ref_area1
stat_area190000
stat_year11300
stat_pop1800,000
stat_year21800
stat_pop29,270,000
stat_year31900
stat_pop312,434,000
currencyPortuguese dinheiro,
(until 1433)
Portuguese real
(1433–1910)
demonymPortuguese

pt (1830–1910) (1834–1910) "In this sign thou shalt conquer" "Patriotic Anthem"

Hino da Carta (1834–1910) "Anthem of the Charter"

| Portuguese Latin (until 1255) Lisbon (1255–1910) (until 1698) Absolute monarchy (1698–1822; 1823–1826; 1828–1834) Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy (1822–1823; 1826–1828; 1834–1910) (until 1706; 1816–1822) None (rule by decree) (1698–1822; 1823–1826; 1828–1834) The General and Extraordinary Cortes of the Portuguese Nation (1822–1822) Cortes Gerais (1822–1823; 1826–1828; 1834–1910) (1822–1838; 1842–1910) Chamber of Senators (1838–1842) (1822–1910) (until 1433) Portuguese real (1433–1910)

The Kingdom of Portugal was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between the mid-12th century and the early 20th century, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves after 1471,Serrão, "... pescado nos mares do Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves e ilhas adjacentes." p. 288; Mattoso, Hespanha, "Todo o território do Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves era coberto pela rede paroquial..." p. 274; Soriano, p. 307; São Miguel, da Fonseca, p. 19-- and was the main constituent of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, which existed between 1815 and 1822. It coexisted with the Portuguese Empire, the realm's overseas colonies.

The nucleus of the Portuguese state was the County of Portugal, established in the 9th century as part of the Reconquista by Vímara Peres, a vassal of the King of Asturias. The county became part of the Kingdom of León in 1097, and the Counts of Portugal established themselves as rulers of an independent kingdom in the 12th century, following the Battle of São Mamede. The kingdom was ruled by the Afonsine Dynasty until the 1383–85 Crisis, after which the monarchy passed to the House of Aviz.

During the 15th and 16th century, Portuguese exploration established a vast colonial empire. From 1580 to 1640, the Kingdom of Portugal was in personal union with Habsburg Spain.

After the Portuguese Restoration War of 1640–1668, the kingdom passed to the House of Braganza and thereafter to the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. From this time, the influence of Portugal declined, but it remained a major power due to its most valuable colony, Brazil. After the independence of Brazil, Portugal sought to establish itself in Africa, but was ultimately forced to halt its expansion due to the 1890 British Ultimatum, eventually leading to the collapse of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic.

Portugal was an absolute monarchy before 1822. It alternated between absolute and semi-constitutional monarchy from 1822 until 1834, when it would remain a semi-constitutional monarchy until its fall.

History

Origins

The Kingdom of Portugal finds its origins in the County of Portugal. The Portuguese County was a semi-autonomous county of the Kingdom of León. Independence from León took place in three stages:

  1. The first on 26 July 1139 when Afonso Henriques was acclaimed King of the Portuguese by his troops after the (possibly legendary) Battle of Ourique.
  2. The second was on 5 October 1143, when Alfonso VII of León and Castile recognized Afonso Henriques as king through the Treaty of Zamora. This is generally considered the traditional founding of the kingdom in Portuguese historiography and popular imagination.
  3. The third, in 1179, was the Papal Bull Manifestis Probatum, in which Portugal's independence was recognized by Pope Alexander III.

Once Portugal was independent, D. Afonso I's descendants, members of the Portuguese House of Burgundy, would rule Portugal until 1383. Even after the change in royal houses, all the monarchs of Portugal were descended from Afonso I, one way or another, through both legitimate and illegitimate links.

Medieval history

Renaissance and early modern history (1415–1777)

Modern history (1777–1910)

Fall of the Monarchy

With the start of the 20th century, Republicanism grew in numbers and support in Lisbon among progressive politicians and the influential press. However a minority with regard to the rest of the country, this height of republicanism would benefit politically from the Lisbon Regicide on 1 February 1908. While returning from the Ducal Palace at Vila Viçosa, King Charles and the Prince Royal Luís Filipe were assassinated in the Terreiro do Paço, in Lisbon. With the death of the King and his heir, Charles I's second son would become monarch as King Manuel II. Manuel's reign, however, would be short-lived, ending by force with the 5 October 1910 revolution, sending Manuel into exile in the United Kingdom and giving way to the Portuguese First Republic.

On 19 January 1919, the Monarchy of the North was proclaimed in Porto. The monarchy would be deposed a month later and no other monarchist counterrevolution in Portugal has happened since.

After the republican revolution in October 1910, the remaining colonies of the empire became overseas provinces of the Portuguese Republic until the late 20th century, when the last overseas territories of Portugal were handed over. Most notably in Portuguese Africa which included the overseas provinces of Angola and Mozambique of which the handover took place in 1975, and finally in Asia the handover of Macau in 1999.

Rulers

Main article: List of Portuguese monarchs

Footnotes

Citations

References

References

  1. J. Havighurs, Robert. (1969). "Society and Education in Brazil". University of Pittsburgh Press.
  2. (1993). "The Medieval Spains". Cambridge University Press.
  3. ({{langx. la. Regnum Portugalliae; {{langx. pt. Reino de Portugal)
  4. Wilner, Hero, Weiner, p. 190
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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