Kiliia

History

Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire until 1361 From 1361 until 1412 contested between Kingdom of Hungary, Wallachia, Poland, the Republic of Genoa and the Ottoman Empire Moldavia Principality of Moldavia 1412–1448 Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Hungary 1448–1465 Moldavia Principality of Moldavia 1465–1484 Ottoman Empire 1484–1812 Russian Empire 1812–1856 Ottoman Empire 1856–1878 Russian Empire 1878–1917 Moldavian Democratic Republic 1917–1918 Kingdom of Romania 1918–1940 Soviet Union 1940–1941 Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944 Soviet Union 1944–1991 Ukraine 1991–present

A town on the Romanian side of the Chilia branch of the Danube, now known as Chilia Veche or "Old Chilia", was founded by the Greek Byzantines – κελλία, kellia in Greek being the equivalent of "granaries", a name first recorded in 1241, in the works of the Persian chronicler Rashid-al-Din Hamadani. Kiliia is therefore sometimes referred to as Nova Kiliia meaning "New Kiliia".

In the place that is now Kiliia, a large colony was established by the Republic of Genoa, known as "Licostomo" and headed by a consul (a representative of the Republic in the region). From that time, only the defensive ditches of a Genoese fortress remained.

The city was founded by Stephen the Great of Moldavia, in order to counteract the Ottoman Empire which had taken control over Chilia Veche in the 15th century. It was a major Moldavian port. However, it was eventually conquered by the Ottomans in 1484. In 1570 (Hijri 977) the town of Kilia was inhabited by Muslims and Christians. It had 298 Muslim households in 13 neighbourhoods and 316 Christian households in 5 neighbourhoods and it was a "has" of the Sultan, a land property that was directly owned by the Sultan. One of the Muslim neighbourhoods was recorded as a Circassian neighbourhood. Kiliia was taken by the Russian army under the command of the general Ivan Gudovich during Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). The Times of London reported that "35,000 of the inhabitants were involved in a general massacre," an incident that had "been celebrated in prose and poetry." The city was given back to the Ottomans in 1792, but retaken by the Russians in 1806 and awarded to them officially in 1812.

After being bombarded by the Anglo-French fleet in July 1854 during the Crimean War, it was given to Romania in the Treaty of Paris (1856). In 1878 (Congress of Berlin), Kiliia was transferred back to Russia together with Budjak. Between 1918 and 1940 (Interwar period, Greater Romania) it was again part of Romania. In July 1940, after a Soviet ultimatum, Romania agreed to give up Bessarabia and northern Bukovina; the Soviet Union occupied it and came to the Ukrainian SSR (it was held yet again by Romania, from 1941 to 1944, in World War II, time during which it was the capital of the Chilia County), and passed on to independent Ukraine after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Jews were deported to Transnistria (the area between the Dniester and Bug rivers) by the Romanian authorities in 1941, where a large majority of the 316 deported Jews died. According to the Yad Vashem website, 199 Jews who had lived before the war in Kiliia whose names are listed died in Ukraine.

The oldest building in Kiliia is the semi-subterranean church of St. Nicholas, which may go back to 1485, although an old inscription in the church claims that it was founded on 10 May 1647.

Until 18 July 2020, Kiliia was the administrative center of Kiliia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Kiliia Raion was merged into Izmail Raion.

Demographics

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ukrainians constitue the majority of the town's population. Russians, Moldovans and Bulgarians form significant minorities.

In 2001, 55.5% of the inhabitants spoke Russian as their native language, while 39.56% spoke Ukrainian and 2.93% of the inhabitants spoke Romanian.

Notable people

• Emilian Bucov (1909–1984), Soviet Moldovan writer and poet
• Vadym Prystaiko (born 1970), Ukrainian diplomat
• Oleksandr Dubovoy (born 1976), Ukrainian politician (Batkivshchyna)
• Ihor Nesterenko (born 1990), Israeli-Ukrainian basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League

Gallery

File:Собор вночі.jpg|Intercession of the Theotokos Church File:В современности.jpg|St. Nicholas Church File:Покровська (старообрядницька) церква - купол, Кілія.JPG|Skyline of Kiliia from one of the churches File:Kherson-28102009(093).jpg|Tombstone in Kherson of soldier fallen in the siege of Kiliia File:Stamp of Moldova 207.gif|Kiliia Fortress

References

References

1. "Килийская громада". Портал об'єднаних громад України.
2. (2018-02-05). "Генуэзские колонии в Одесской области - Бизнес-портал Измаила".
3. GÖKBİLGİN, M. TAYYİB. (1956). "KANUNÎ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN DEVRİ BAŞLARINDA RUMELİ EYALETİ, LİVALARI, ŞEHİR VE KASABALARI". Belleten.
4. (April 2025)
5. {{EB1911
6. See Radu Ioanid, The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of the Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000), p. 129, 131-132 (where the number of 316 Jews appears), 199, 201.
7. The number and list of Jews who had lived in Kilia before the war who died in Odessa, at Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center (in Israel), at https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_permanent_search_en=Kilia&t_place_permanent_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=Ukraine&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym .
8. (2020-07-18). "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.".
9. "Нові райони: карти + склад". Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
10. "Національний склад міст".
11. "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України".