Khorramshahr

History

The area where the city exists today was originally under the waters of the Persian Gulf. It later became part of the vast marshlands and the tidal flats at the mouth of the Karun River. The small town known as Piyan, and later Bayan appeared in the area no sooner than the late Parthian time in the first century AD. Whether or not this was located at the same spot where Khurramshahr is today, is highly debatable.

During the Islamic centuries, the Daylamite Buwayhid king, Panah Khusraw Adud ad-Dawlah ordered the digging of a canal to join the Karun River (which at the time emptied independently into the Persian Gulf through the Bahmanshir channel) to the Shatt al-Arab (the joint estuary of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known in Iran as Arvand Rud). The extra water made the joint estuary more reliably navigable. The channel thus created was known as the Haffar, Arabic for "excavated," "dugout," which exactly described what the channel was. The Haffar soon became the main channel of the Karun, as it is in the present day.

It was the capital of the Sheikdom of Muhammara, and until 1847, at which time it became Persian territory (according to Article II of the Treaty of Erzurum), Khorramshahr was alternately claimed and occupied by Persia and Turkey. Its ruler at the time was an Arab sheikh.

Iran–Iraq War

Main article: Battle of Khorramshahr (1980), Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)

Because of the war, the population of Khorramshahr dropped from 146,706 in the 1976 census to 0 in the 1986 census. The population reached 34,750 in the 1991 census and by the 2006 census it reached 123,866, and according to World Gazetteer its population as of 2012 is 138,398, making the population close to what it was before the war.

Demographics

Mandaean community

Khorramshahr is home to a Mandaean community. It is one of the last remaining locations in the world where Neo-Mandaic is still spoken. There are only a few hundred speakers of the Khorramshahr dialect of Neo-Mandaic.

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 123,866 in 26,385 households. The following census in 2011 counted 129,418 people in 33,623 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 133,097 people in 37,124 households.

Language

The linguistic composition of the city:{{bar box|title=Khorramshahr linguistic composition|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Language|right1=percent|float=|bars=

Notable people

• Majid Bishkar (b. 1956), Iranian football player who played in the 1978 FIFA World Cup
• Mohsen Chavoshi (b. 1979), Iranian musician, singer, record producer and songwriter
• Meguertitch Khan Davidkhanian (1902–1983), former governor
• Abdolreza Helali (b. 1981), Iranian Maddah
• Mohsen Rastani (b. 1958), Iranian photographer, photojournalist
• Siamak Yassemi (b. 1959), Iranian mathematician elected as a member of the World Academy of Sciences

Notes

References

References

1. ((OpenStreetMap contributors)). (21 December 2024). "Khorramshahr, Khorramshahr County".
2. {{GEOnet3. -3071225
3. Khorramshahr entry in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316878/Khorramshahr
4. Habibi, Hassan. (26 July 2014). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz". Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board.
5. "مدينة المحمرة".
6. {{EB1911
7. {{IranCensus2006. 06
8. Häberl, Charles. (2009). "The neo-Mandaic dialect of Khorramshahr". Harrassowitz.
9. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Khuzestan Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
10. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Khuzestan Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
11. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Khuzestan Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
12. "Language distribution: Khuzestan Province".
13. (May 2021). "Majid Bishkar: The 'Prince of Persia' who cast a spell with his magic".
14. "رابطه عاشقانه دختر رضا هلالی با پدرش / هلالی: دخترم دانشجوی پزشکی است + فیلم".
15. "Mohsen Rastani". Qoqnoos.