Khaankhre Sobekhotep

Attestations

At Abydos, Khaankhre Sobekhotep is attested by a relief from a chapel. Of unknown provenance is a fragment of an inscribed column. His name Khaankhre Sobekhotep also appears on a granite statue pedestal.

Non-contemporary attestations

Karnak King List

The Karnak king list preserves his prenomen Khaankhre. This list of kings was made during the reign of Thutmose III.

Abydos King List

Other king lists, like the Abydos King List simply omitted all rulers between Amenemhat IV and Ahmose I - perhaps because they were minor kings who only controlled some estates or parts of the country in competition with other claimants.

Turin King List

The Turin canon 6:15 preserves the nomen Sobek[hote]pre. The addition of -re may be a scribal error, as the correct entry would be Sobekhotep. This list of kings was made during the reign of Ramesses II. Khaankhre Sobekhotep is often associated with this entry, but it is not certain. The nomen Sobekhotep can refer to any king using this nomen, for instance Sobekhotep I. This part of the king list is also so fragmentary and uncertain that it is hard to interpret.

The nomen Sobekhotep as used by Khaankhre is without the Sobek-hieroglyph used in the Turin King List.

Theories

While Khaankhre Sobekhotep is regarded as a ruler of the 13th Dynasty, his chronological position is debated.

His reign was most likely short. Ryholt has suggested three to four-and-a-half years.

According to egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Khaankhre Sobekhotep was the 13th pharaoh of the dynasty and had a short reign 1735 BC. Alternatively, Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the 16th pharaoh of the dynasty.

Ryholt mentions that Sobekhotep I may be identical with Sobekhotep II, who is only mentioned as Sobekhotep in the Turin King List. while Bierbrier lists Khaankhre Sobekhotep I and Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep II.

Recently Simon Connor and Julien Siesse investigated the style of the king's monument and argue that he reigned much later than previously thought (after Sobekhotep IV – who would become Sobekhotep III).

References

References

1. Inventory of the Louvre: B.3–5, C.9–10; E. Bresciani: ''Un edificio di Kha-anekh-Ra Sobekhotep ad Abdido''. In: ''Egitto e Vicino Oriente'', '''II''', (1979), pp. 1–20.
2. 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 443.
3. Paris, Louvre Museum, B. 3-5, C. 9-10.
4. Bresciani 1979.
5. London, Petrie Museum UC 14411.
6. London, British Museum BM 69497, formerly Amherst Collection.
7. C. N. Reeves, Miscellanea Epigraphica, Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, Bd. 13, (1986), pp. 165–170.
8. [[Kim Ryholt. Ryholt, K.S.B.]], ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period'' (''Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications'', '''20'''. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997), 339, File 13/13. {{ISBN. 8772894210. {{LCCN. 98198517. {{OL. 474149M.
9. Ryholt, KSB: ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC'', Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, '''20'''. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, (1997).
10. Baker, Darrell D.: ''The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC'', Stacey International, {{ISBN. 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 445. {{OL. 50186411M.
11. Bierbrier, M.L.. (2008). "Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt". Scarecrow Press.
12. Simon Connor, Julien Siesse: ''Nouvelle datation pour le roi Sobekhotep Khâânkhrê'', in: ''Revue d'Égyptologie'' 66 (2015), 2015, 227-247; compare ''Throne Names Patterns as a Clue for the Internal Chronology of the 13th to 17th Dynasties (Late Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period)'', GM 246 (2015), p. 75-98. [https://www.academia.edu/21061889/_Throne_Names_Patterns_as_a_Clue_for_the_Internal_Chronology_of_the_13th_to_17th_Dynasties_Late_Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_GM_246_2015_p. 798 online]