Kent County, Delaware

History

In about 1670 the English began to settle in the valley of the St. Jones River, earlier known as Wolf Creek. On June 21, 1680, the Duke of York chartered St. Jones County, which was carved out of New Amstel/New Castle and Hoarkill/Sussex counties. St. Jones County was transferred to William Penn on August 24, 1682, and became part of Penn's newly chartered Delaware Colony.

Penn ordered a court town to be laid out, and the courthouse was built in 1697. The town of Dover, named after the town of Dover in England's Kent, was finally laid out in 1717, in what was then known as the Lower Counties. It was designated as the capital of Delaware in 1777. In 1787 Delaware was first state to ratify the U.S. Constitution, and became "the First State." Through much of the late 18th century, the economy of Kent County was based on small grain farms. As a result, farmers did not need as many slaves as did owners of tobacco plantations. Delaware had a high proportion of free blacks among its African-American population by the early 19th century.

In the 1960s, Dover was a center of manufacturing of spacesuits worn by NASA astronauts in the Apollo moon flights by ILC Dover, now based in the small town of Frederica. The suits, dubbed the "A7L," was first flown on the Apollo 7 mission in October 1967, and was the suit worn by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the Apollo 11 mission. The company still manufactures spacesuits to this day—the present-day Space Shuttle "soft" suit components (the arms and legs of the suit).

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 798 sqmi, of which 586 sqmi is land and 212 sqmi (26.6%) is water.

Kent County, like all of Delaware's counties, is subdivided into Hundreds. There are several explanations given for how the Hundreds were arrived at, either being an area containing 100 families, an area containing 100 people, or an area that could raise 100 militiamen. Kent County was originally apportioned into six Hundreds: Duck Creek, Little Creek, Dover, Murderkill, Milford and Mispillion. In 1867, the Delaware legislature split Murderkill Hundred into North Murderkill Hundred and South Murderkill Hundred. In 1869, the legislature formed Kenton Hundred from parts of Little Creek and Duck Creek Hundred. Today the county contains eight Hundreds.

Adjacent counties

• New Castle County - north
• Salem County, New Jersey - northeast
• Cumberland County, New Jersey - east
• Cape May County, New Jersey - east
• Sussex County - south
• Caroline County, Maryland - southwest
• Queen Anne's County, Maryland - west
• Kent County, Maryland - northwest

National protected area

• Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge

Climate

Kent County has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) according to the Köppen climate classification. The Trewartha climate classification considers the climate oceanic (Do) because only seven months average above 50 °F (above 10 °C.) All months average above freezing and Dover has three months averaging above 22 °C. The hardiness zone is 7b. https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/

| Jan record high F = 77 | Feb record high F = 80 | Mar record high F = 88 | Apr record high F = 97 | May record high F = 98 | Jun record high F = 101 | Jul record high F = 104 | Aug record high F = 102 | Sep record high F = 99 | Oct record high F = 95 | Nov record high F = 85 | Dec record high F = 75 | year record high F = 104 | Jan avg record high F = 65.7 | Feb avg record high F = 65.4 | Mar avg record high F = 73.5 | Apr avg record high F = 83.0 | May avg record high F = 88.1 | Jun avg record high F = 93.1 | Jul avg record high F = 95.4 | Aug avg record high F = 93.1 | Sep avg record high F = 89.0 | Oct avg record high F = 82.8 | Nov avg record high F = 73.9 | Dec avg record high F = 66.1 | year avg record high F = 96.1 | Jan avg record low F = 10.8 | Feb avg record low F = 13.3 | Mar avg record low F = 20.5 | Apr avg record low F = 31.1 | May avg record low F = 40.7 | Jun avg record low F = 51.0 | Jul avg record low F = 59.5 | Aug avg record low F = 58.4 | Sep avg record low F = 47.7 | Oct avg record low F = 34.4 | Nov avg record low F = 24.0 | Dec avg record low F = 17.8 | year avg record low F = 8.8 | Jan record low F = −7 | Feb record low F = −11 | Mar record low F = 7 | Apr record low F = 14 | May record low F = 28 | Jun record low F = 41 | Jul record low F = 45 | Aug record low F = 35 | Sep record low F = 30 | Oct record low F = 25 | Nov record low F = 11 | Dec record low F = −3 | year record low F = -11 | access-date = June 18, 2021}} | access-date = June 18, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230806064941/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00072730&format=pdf | archive-date = August 6, 2023}} | access-date = July 4, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190629142419/https://www.weather-us.com/en/delaware-usa/dover-climate | archive-date = June 29, 2019 |url-status=live }}

Transportation

Major highways

The following state highways are located in Kent County:

Railroads

The Delmarva Central Railroad operates two freight lines through Kent County. The Delmarva Subdivision runs north–south along the US 13 corridor through Farmington, Harrington, Felton, Wyoming, Dover, Cheswold, and Clayton and the Indian River Subdivision branches from the Delmarva Subdivision at Harrington and runs east to Houston and Milford along the DE 14 corridor. There is no passenger rail service in the county.

Public transportation

DART First State operates bus service within Kent County. There are several local bus routes that serve the Dover area. In addition, DART First State operates inter-county service to Wilmington, Newark, Georgetown, and Lewes, along with seasonal service to Lewes and Rehoboth Beach.

Airports

Kent County contains the following public-use and military airports:

• Chandelle Estates Airport in Dover
• Chorman Airport in Farmington
• Dover Air Force Base in Dover
• Delaware Airpark in Cheswold
• Henderson Aviation Airport in Felton
• Jenkins Airport in Wyoming
• Smyrna Airport in Smyrna

Government and politics

Kent County is governed by the Kent County Levy Court, which consists of seven members, six of whom are elected by district and the seventh who is elected at-large. The current members of the Kent County Levy Court are:

• Joanne Masten (D) - 1st district
• Jeffrey W. Hall (D) - 2nd district
• Allan F. Angel (D) - 3rd district (Vice President)
• Robert J. Scott (R) - 4th district
• George Jody Sweeney (D) - 5th district
• Paul Hertz - (R) 6th district
• Terry L. Pepper (D) - At-Large (President)

The county row offices are held by:

• Eugenia Thornton - Recorder of Deeds
• Harold K. Brode (D) - Register of Wills
• Brenda A. Wootten (D) - Clerk of the Peace
• Norman Barlow - (R) Sheriff

Politically, Kent County is a swing county in local, state, and federal elections. The county is often used in state politics to determine a party or candidate's strength in statewide elections and is often considered a bellwether county, having voting for the winner of the national presidential election in 17 out of the last 19 presidential elections. In the 2016 general elections, Republican Presidential Nominee Donald Trump won Kent County with 49.81% of the vote compared to Democratic Nominee Hillary Clinton's 44.91% out of 74,260 votes cast. In the 2020 presidential election, Delaware resident Joe Biden took 51.19% of the vote compared to Trump's 47.12%, out of 87,025 votes cast. Trump lost the county in 2024, making him the first Republican in 100 years to win the presidency without the county.

In the Delaware General Assembly, 8 of the 41 seats in the Delaware State House of Representatives. As of March 2020, Democrats held 4 seats and Republicans held 4 seats. In the Delaware State Senate, 5 senate districts represent parts of Kent County. As of March 2020 there were 3 Republican seats and 2 Democratic seats.

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2020

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 181,851. Of the residents, 23.1% were under the age of 18 and 18.0% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 38.5 years. For every 100 females there were 92.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89.1 males. 73.5% of residents lived in urban areas and 26.5% lived in rural areas.

The racial makeup of the county was 59.2% White, 25.8% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.4% Asian, 3.1% from some other race, and 8.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 7.7% of the population.

There were 68,290 households in the county, of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 29.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 72,708 housing units, of which 6.1% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 71.0% were owner-occupied and 29.0% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 5.9%.The most reported ancestries were:

• African American (16.2%)
• English (14.9%)
• Irish (14.1%)
• German (12.9%)
• Italian (6.1%)
• Puerto Rican (3.2%)
• Polish (2.7%)
• Scottish (2.3%)
• Mexican (1.8%)
• French (1.7%)

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 162,310 people, 60,278 households, and 42,290 families living in the county.{{cite web |access-date=January 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213022658/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US10001 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |access-date=January 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213183927/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US10001 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |access-date=January 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213031008/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US10001 |archive-date=February 13, 2020

Of the 60,278 households, 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.1% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.8% were non-families, and 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 36.6 years.{{The median income for a household in the county was $53,183 and the median income for a family was $60,949. Males had a median income of $43,418 versus $35,603 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,194. About 9.3% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.0% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.{{cite web |access-date=January 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213015328/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US10001 |archive-date=February 13, 2020

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 126,697 people, 47,224 households, and 33,623 families living in the county. The population density was 215 /mi2. There were 50,481 housing units at an average density of 86 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 73.49% White, 20.66% Black or African American, 0.64% Native American, 1.69% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.27% from other races, and 2.22% from two or more races. 3.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 13.3% were of German, 11.3% United States or American, 10.9% Irish, 10.0% English and 5.4% Italian ancestry. 92.5% spoke English and 3.3% Spanish as their first language.

There were 47,224 households, out of which 35.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.90% were married couples living together, 13.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 23.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.30% under the age of 18, 10.10% from 18 to 24, 29.80% from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 93.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,950, and the median income for a family was $46,504. Males had a median income of $32,660 versus $24,706 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,662. About 8.10% of families and 10.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.80% of those under age 18 and 8.80% of those age 65 or over.

2021 American Community Survey estimates

In 2021, there were 66,720 households and an average of 2.63 people per household; 88.2% of residents had been living in the same residence one year earlier. The median household income for the county was $63,715; the county had a per capita income of $30,804. An estimated 12.2% of the population lived at or below the poverty line.

Amish community

Kent County is home to an Amish community residing to the west of Dover, consisting of 9 church districts and about 1,650 people. The Amish first settled in Kent County in 1915 after migrations from Wisconsin, Montana, Alabama, and Ohio.

Communities

Cities

• Dover
• Harrington
• Milford (partly in Sussex County)

Towns

• Bowers
• Camden
• Cheswold
• Clayton (partly in New Castle County)
• Farmington
• Felton
• Frederica
• Hartly
• Houston
• Kenton
• Leipsic
• Little Creek
• Magnolia
• Smyrna (partly in New Castle County)
• Viola
• Woodside
• Wyoming

Census-designated places

• Dover Air Force Base
• Highland Acres
• Kent Acres
• Rising Sun-Lebanon
• Riverview
• Rodney Village
• Woodside East

Unincorporated localities

• Andrewville

• Berrytown

• Little Heaven

• Marydel

• Woodland Beach

Education

School districts include:

• Caesar Rodney School District
• Capital School District
• Lake Forest School District
• Milford School District
• Smyrna School District
• Woodbridge School District

In 2010, 14.8% of the county students enrolled in K-12 schools were in private institutions. St. Thomas More Academy was formerly in the county.

In the period of de jure educational segregation in the United States, K-12 students of black African descent attended segregated schools. William W. M. Henry Comprehensive High School District 133 housed high school students of black African descent during the period 1952 to 1966. Desegregation occurred after 1966.

Tertiary institutions:

• Delaware State University (DSU)

Wesley College merged into DSU in 2021.

References

References

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