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Kano State

State of Nigeria

Kano State

State of Nigeria

FieldValue
official_nameKano State
image_skylineKano City Aerial.jpg
image_captionAerial view of Kano city, the state's capital and largest city
image_flagKano State flag official.png
flag_altFlag of Kano State
image_sealSeal of Kano.png
seal_altSeal of the Governor of Kano State
nicknameCentre of Commerce, Tumbin Giwa
image_mapNigeria - Kano.svg
map_captionLocation of Kano State in Nigeria
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameNigeria
established_titleDate created
established_date27 May 1967
seat_typeCapital
seatKano
governing_bodyGovernment of Kano State
leader_titleGovernor
leader_partyNNPP
leader_nameAbba Kabir Yusuf
leader_title1Deputy Governor
leader_name1Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo (NNPP)
leader_title2Legislature
leader_name2Kano State House of Assembly
leader_title3Senators
leader_name3C: Rufai Hanga (NNPP)
N: Barau Jibrin (APC)
S: Kawu Sumaila (NNPP)
leader_title4Representatives
leader_name4List
unit_prefMetric
area_total_km220131
area_rank20th of 36
population_total9,401,288
population_as_of2006 census
population_density_km2auto
population_est15,462,200
pop_est_as_of2022
population_rank1st/2nd of 36
demographics_type1GDP (PPP)
demographics1_title1Year
timezone1WAT
utc_offset1+01
postal_code_typepostal code
postal_code700001
iso_codeNG-KN
blank_name_sec1HDI (2022)
blank_info_sec10.482
· 28th of 37
website
footnotesPreliminary results
typeState
demographics1_info12021
demographics1_title2Total
demographics1_info2$27.17 billion
13th of 36
demographics1_title3Per capita
demographics1_info3$1,761
36th of 36
imagesize300px
native_nameJihar Kano جِهَرْ كَنُوْ (Hausa)
native_name_langHausa

N: Barau Jibrin (APC) S: Kawu Sumaila (NNPP) · 28th of 37 13th of 36 36th of 36

Kano State {{Audio|LL-Q56475 (hau)-Eunice Ameh-kano.wav| Listen|help=no}} (Hausa: Jihar Kano جِهَرْ كَنُوَ) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the northern region of the country. According to the national census done in 2006, Kano State was the most populous state in Nigeria. , its population is rivalled only by Lagos State, which does not have clear reporting due to the rate of growth of Lagos, its largest city. Created in 1967 out of the former Northern Region, Kano State borders Katsina State to the northwest for about 210 km (130 miles), Jigawa State to the northeast for 355 km (221 miles), Bauchi State to the southeast for 131 km (82 miles), and Kaduna State to the southwest for 255 km (158 miles). The state's capital and largest city is Kano, the second most populous city in Nigeria after Lagos. The incumbent governor of the state is Abba Kabir Yusuf. He was sworn in on 29 May 2023.

Modern-day Kano State was the site of a number of prior kingdoms and empires, including the Kingdom of Kano, which was centred on Dalla Hill (Hausa: Dutsen Dala) and existed from to 1000 to 1349 CE. In 1349, the Sultanate of Kano was established with Yaji I as its first Sultan. In the 15th century, Kurmi Market was opened, which helped the city of Kano become a centre of commercial activity in Hausaland. The market remains open today and its historic importance is reflected in the state's nickname, the Centre of Commerce.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Sultanate of Kano established itself as the most powerful of the Hausa Kingdoms. In 1903, the British Empire conquered the Kano Emirate, incorporating it into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. The major ethnic groups in pre-colonial Kano were the Hausa, Fulani, Barebari (Kanuri), Tuareg, Arab, Nupe as well as certain tribes from southern Nigeria. Most people in Kano have come to use Hausa as a first language while some identify as ethnically Hausa.

Since Nigerian independence, Kano State has developed a diverse economy, establishing itself as a centre for industry, agriculture, and Islamic banking. The Hausa and Fulani make up the majority of Kano State's population. The Hausa language is the dominant language in the state, as it is in most of Northern Nigeria. Challenges faced by Kano State in the 21st century include attacks by the Islamist terrorist group Boko Haram, inter-religious violence, and extreme poverty. A Muslim-majority state, Kano State is one of the twelve states in Nigeria to operate under Sharia law within the legal framework of the Nigerian Constitution.

Photo of Kano city in December 1930

History

An important early centre of commerce in the region was Kurmi Market, founded by the Hausa people under Emir of Kano Muhammadu Rumfa in 1463 CE. Subsequent leaders made contributions to the emergence of Kano as a leading commercial centre in Sudanic Africa. During the time of the Kano Emirate, Emir Ibrahim Dabo made a number of administrative reforms, seeking to increase commerce in the region.

Leaders during this time encouraged traders to move from Katsina, capitalising on raids from the Hausa Sultanate of Maradi. The leaders of the Caliphate encouraged the Kola nut trade, and Kano was the greatest beneficiary with an annual turnover of about $30 million. Craft industries also evolved in the pre-colonial period contributing to the prosperity of the province.

After a British occupation of the region, culminating in the Battle of Kano in February 1903, the region became a part of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Kano later became a part of the Northern Region of Nigeria. Kano state was created on 27 May 1967. In 1991, part of Kano State was separated to form Jigawa State.

Geography

Climate

The climate of Kano state is characterised by a variability in rainfall between the 1970s and 1980s, with drought and near-drought conditions. Between the 1990s and the year 2015, the moisture conditions improved considerably but for fluctuations in rainfall in the state. However, since 2015 there has been a considerable increase in rainfall. Based on a report of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the amount of rainfall varies between years with a mean value of 897.7 mm.

In the first quarter of 2022, NIMET sounded an early warning for floods in some states, including Kano. The agency asserted that their warning was based on the amount and distribution of rainfall that had been observed in the nation during the rainy season. According to the Kano State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), 25 local government districts experienced flooding as a result of the extreme rain's aftermath.

Temperature

The temperature of Kano has been on the rise since the 1960s and this is highly remarkable. The annual temperature of the state is between 26 °C to 30 °C for the diurnal temperature, which is high, and measurable between the range of 13.1%, with the relative humidity of between 17% and 90% respectively.

Economy

Many large markets exist within Kano today, such as Kurmi Market, Kantin Kwari Market, Sabon Gari Market, Dawanau Market, Kofar Wanbai Market, Galadima Market, Yankura Market and Bata Market. Many of these markets specialise in certain products, such as textiles or grain.

Agriculture

Subsistence and commercial agriculture are mostly practised in the outlying districts of the state. Some of the food crops cultivated are millet, cowpeas, sorghum, maize and rice for local consumption while groundnuts and cotton are produced for export and industrial purposes. During the colonial period and several years after the country's independence, the groundnuts produced in the state constituted one of the major sources of revenue of the country. Kano State is a major producer of hides and skins, sesame, soybeans, cotton, garlic, gum arabic and chili peppers.

A 2018 study of Tudun Wada found that both temperature and rainfall were likely to increase with climate change, causing increased stress on crops, and would require increased climate change adaptation for agricultural practices.

Industry

Kano State is the second-largest industrial centre after Lagos State in Nigeria and the largest in northern Nigeria with textile, tanning, footwear, cosmetics, plastics, enamelware, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, furniture and other industries,{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Kano-Metropolis-Kano-metropolis-is-the-second-largest-industrial-and-commercial-centre-in_fig6_308576260#:~:text=Murtala%20Uba%20Mohammed-,Kano%20Metropolis%20Kano%20metropolis%20is%20the%20second%20largest%20industrial%20and,1.6million%20(Maiwada%202000)

Tourism

Tourist attractions in the state include:

  • Kurmi Market established in the 15th century
  • Kano's centuries-old city wall
  • Gidan Rumfa (Emir's Palace, the oldest continuous site of authority in Nigeria)
  • Kano Zoo
  • Dala and Gwauron Dutse
  • Gidan Makama (Kano Museum)
  • Bashir Tofa Mosque
  • Gidan dan Hausa Museum

Natural resources

Kano State has various natural resources in abundance, including:

Mineral raw materials

  • Cassiterite
  • Copper
  • Gemstone
  • Glass-sand
  • Lead
  • Zinc
  • Pyrochinre
  • Tantalite

Transport

Federal highways

  • A2 (part of the Trans-Sahara Highway or TAH2) north from Kaduna State at Gidan Mallam Idi for 166 km as Zaria Road via Kura, Nassarawa, Kano, Bankaura, Kunya, Dambarta and Ajumawa to Jigawa State at Yanzaki,
  • A9 (part of the Dakar-Ndjamena Trans-Sahelian Highway or TAH 5) northwest from A2 at Bankaura (14 km north of Kano city) for 71 km via Bichi, Dan Zabuwa and Tsanyawa as IBB Way to Katsina State at Yan Kamaye,
  • A237 continuing TAH5 east from A2 in Kano for 110 km across the Hadejia River at Wudil via Takai and Kachako to Jigawa State as the Kano Rd.

Other major roads

  • The Kunya-Mutum road northeast from A2 to Jigawa State at Duma,
  • The Kano-Gumel road northeast via Dosai, Gezawa, Kirazare and Dadin Diniya to Jigawa State near Magama,
  • The Kano-Ringim road east from Dosai via Gwandu, Wangara, Zugachi and Zakirai to Jigawa State at Gorshinsi,
  • south from Gwandu via Gogel to A237 at Zogarava,
  • the Gaya-Wudil Rd east from A237 to Jigawa at Dundubis as the Gaya-Azare Rd,
  • south from A2 at Karfi Ruga as the Kano-Kumbotso-Rano or Rano-Karfin Ruga Rd via Bunkure, Rano, Kibiya, Tarai, Burunburum, Sitti and Masu to Bauchi State at Gwanda as the Sabon Gari-Gwanda-Kafin-Birgi Rd,
  • the Kafin Maiyaki-Sabin Bimi Rd south from A2 via Arna, Tudun Wada, Falgore Game Reserve, Tagwaye and Dadin Kowa to Kaduna State at Murai,
  • the Kiru-Rurum Rd north from A2 at Kafin Maiyaki via Yako and Karaye to Gwarzo as the Kafi-Jamaa Kosa Rd,
  • Murtala Mohammed Rd west from Kano to Katsina State at Gangara,
  • the Gwarzo-Shanono Rd north via Bagawi to A9 at Bichi.

Railways

Kano is on the 1067 mm Cape Gauge Western Railway Line from Lagos via Kaduna to Jigawa State (rehabilitated 2013), with a new double track standard gauge line under construction.

Airports

Malam Aminu Kano International Airport

Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport (1936), HQ of Kabo Air, Azman Airlines and Max Air.

Education

Secondary schools

  • Dawakin Tofa Science College
  • Rumfa College, Kano

Universities

Kano State is home to five universities: one federal university, one regimented federal university, two state universities, and one private university.

  • Bayero University Kano (BUK), founded in 1977.
  • Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST), founded in 2001.
  • Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, founded as the 37th federal university in 2011.
  • Skyline University, Kano, founded in 2018.
  • Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano (YUSMUK), founded in 2012.

Polytechnics and colleges

The following is a list of the approved polytechnic schools and colleges in the state of Kano:

  • Aminu Kano College of Islamic Legal Studies, Kano
  • Audu Bako School of Agriculture, Dambatta
  • Federal College of Education, Kano
  • Kano State Polytechnic
  • Sa'adatu Rimi College of Education

Local government areas

Kano State consists of 44 local government areas (LGAs):

NameArea (km2)Census 2006
populationAdministrative capitalPostal
code
Fagge21200,095Waje700
Dala19418,759Gwanmaja700
Gwale18357,827Gwale700
Kano Municipal17371,243Kofar Kudu700
Tarauni28221,844Unguwa Uku700
Nassarawa34596,411Bompai700
Kumbotso158294,391Kumbotso700
Ungogo204365,737Ungogo700
Kano Metropolitan Area4992,828,861700
Dawakin Tofa479246,197Dawakin Tofa701
Tofa20298,603Tofa701
Rimin Gado225103,371Rimin Gado701
Bagwai405161,533Bagwai701
Gezawa340282,328Gezawa702
Gabasawa605211,204Zakirai702
Minjibir416219,611Minjibir702
Dambatta732210,474Dambatta702
Makoda441220,094Makoda702
Kunchi671110,170Kunchi703
Bichi612278,309Bichi703
Tsanyawa492157,730Tsanyawa703
Shanono697139,128Shanono704
Gwarzo393183,624Gwarzo704
Karaye479144,045Karaye704
Rogo802227,607Rogo704
Kabo341153,158Kabo704
Northern Kano State8,3323,143,899701 to 704
Bunkure487174,467Bunkure710
Kibiya404138,618Kibiya710
Rano520148,276Rano710
Tudun Wada1,204228,658Tudun Wada710
Doguwa1,473150,645Riruwai710
Madobi273137,685Madobi711
Kura206143,094Kura711
Garun Mallam214118,622Garun Mallam711
Bebeji717191,916Bebeji711
Kiru927267,168Kiru711
Sumaila1,250250,379Sumaila712
Garko450161,966Garko712
Takai598202,639Takai712
Albasu398187,639Albasu712
Gaya613207,419Gaya713
Ajingi714172,610Ajingi713
Wudil362188,639Wudil713
Warawa360131,858Warawa713
Dawakin Kudu384225,497Dawakin Kudu713
Southern Kano State11,5543,410,922710 to 713

Demographics

Population

According to the 2006 PON census figures, Kano State had a population totalling 9,401,288. Based on the official data by the National Bureau of Statistics, Kano is the most populous state in the country followed by Lagos State. The state is mostly populated by the Hausa and Fulani people.

| 1991 | 5,810,470 | 2006 | 9,401,288 | 2022 | 15,462,200

Languages

The official language of Kano State are Hausa and Fulfulde. Several Kainji languages, namely Moro, Kurama, and Map, are also spoken in the Doguwa local government area.

Notable people

  • Sani Abacha (1943–1998), 10th Military Head of State of Nigeria
  • Ja'afar Mahmud Adam (1960–2007), a popular Islamic scholar
  • Nazifi Asnanic, kannywood actor and musician
  • Mubarak Bala, atheist and president of the Humanist Association of Nigeria; is currently imprisoned for comments he made on social media about Islam.
  • Aminu Ala, Nigerian Hausa-language musician and writer.
  • Aliko Dangote (born 1957), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist, Africa's richest person
  • Aminu Dantata (born 1931), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist
  • Aminu Ibrahim Daurawa, Islamic preacher
  • Abdullahi Umar Ganduje (born 1949), Nigerian politician and Kano State Governor from 2015 to 2023
  • Ahmad Sulaiman Ibrahim, Islamic preacher
  • Nura M Inuwa, Hausa musician
  • Ali Jita, Hausa musician
  • Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara, Islamic preacher
  • Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara, Islamic preacher
  • Aminu Kano (1920–1983), politician and teacher
  • Sheikh Ibrahim Khaleel, Islamic preacher
  • Rabiu Kwankwaso (born 1956), former Governor of Kano and former Minister of Defence of Nigeria
  • Murtala Muhammed, 4th Military Head of State of Nigeria, 1975 to 1976
  • Abdul Samad Rabiu (born 4 August 1960), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist, Africa's 6th richest person
  • Isyaku Rabiu, businessman
  • Sanusi Lamido Sanusi (born 1961), former Central Bank of Nigeria Governor, 14th and 16th Emir of Kano
  • Ibrahim Shekarau (born 1955), former Governor and former Minister of Education (2003–2011)
  • Barau Jibrin, CFR (born 19 June 1959), Deputy President of the Nigerian Senate since 2023
  • Yusuf Babangida Suleiman (born 1976), politician in the 7th, 8th and 9th Kano State House of Assembly
  • Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, former Secretary to the Kano State Executive Council, retired Permanent Secretary, former Principal Secretary to the Kano State Governor, former board chairman of the Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Development Authority and Kano State Television Corporation
  • Abba Kabir Yusuf (born 1963), Kano State Governor since May 2023

Politics

The state government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with the state House of Assembly. The capital city of the state is Kano.

Electoral system

The governor of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two-thirds of the state's LGAs. If no candidate passes the threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of LGAs.

References

References

  1. See [[List of governors of Kano State]] for a list of prior governors
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