Kalkaska County, Michigan

History

Kalkaska County, originally named Wabassee County (from waabizii meaning swan in Ojibwe) was separated from Michilimackinac County in 1840, renamed in 1843. The first settler in Kalkaska County was William Copeland, from England, who purchased land in the northwest corner of the county in 1855. Kalkaska County was organized in its own right on January 27, 1871. Crawford County was then temporarily attached to Kalkaska County for legal purposes.

Etymology

The county's name is a pseudo-Native American neologism coined by Henry Schoolcraft, a Michigan geographer and ethnologist. Some theorists suggest this is word play. Schoolcraft's family name had been Calcraft, and the Ks may have been added to make the name appear more like a Native American word. Alternatively, the name may be derived from a Chippewa word meaning flat or burned-over country.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 571 sqmi, of which 11 sqmi (1.9%) are covered by water.

Kalkaska sand, the state soil of Michigan, was named after the county because of the large amounts deposited in the area from glaciers in the Ice Age.

Kalkaska County has over 80 lakes and 275 mi of streams and rivers. Much of the county is marshland. County elevation ranges from 595 ft to about 1246 ft. This makes it one of the more uneven counties in the Lower Peninsula.

The Pere Marquette State Forest covers much of the county. Glaciers shaped the area, creating a unique regional ecosystem. A large portion of the area is the Grayling outwash plain, a broad outwash plain including sandy ice-disintegration ridges, jack pine barrens, some white pine-red pine forest, and northern hardwood forest. Large lakes were created by glacial action.

Lakes

• Torch Lake
• Starvation Lake
• Lake Skegemog
• Bear Lake
• Manistee Lake
• Grass Lake
• Rainbow Lake
• Blue Lake
• Cub Lake
• Twin Lake
• Little Twin Lake
• Pickerel Lake
• Squaw Lake
• Indian Lake
• Perch Lake
• Crawford Lake
• Lost Lake
• Johnson Rd Lake
• Log Lake
• Selkirk Lake
• Kettle Lake
• Lake Placid
• Sand Lake
• Twenty Eight Lakes
• East Lake
• Long Lake
• Lake Five
• Wheeler Lake
• Fife Lake

Rivers

• Boardman River
• Little Rapid River
• Manistee River
• Rapid River
• Torch River

Major highways

• – runs NE through the western part of the county. Enters at 4 mi north of SW corner; exits into Antrim County near midpoint of north county line.
• – runs north–south through west-central part of county. Passes Kalkaska.
• – runs east and ESE through middle portion of county. Passes Kalkaska.

Adjacent counties

• Antrim County – north
• Otsego County – northeast
• Crawford County – east
• Roscommon County – southeast
• Missaukee County – south
• Wexford County – southwest
• Grand Traverse County – west

Communities

Village

• Kalkaska (county seat)

Civil townships

• Bear Lake Township
• Blue Lake Township
• Boardman Township
• Clearwater Township
• Coldsprings Township
• Excelsior Township
• Garfield Township
• Kalkaska Township
• Oliver Township
• Orange Township
• Rapid River Township
• Springfield Township

Former townships

• Glade Township
• Wilson Township

Census-designated places

• Bear Lake
• Manistee Lake
• Rapid City
• South Boardman

Unincorporated communities

• Barker Creek
• Crofton
• Darragh
• Houseman
• Leetsville
• Lodi
• Sigma
• Spencer
• Torch River

Demographics

| align-fn = center 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2018

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 17,939. The median age was 45.7 years. 20.1% of residents were under the age of 18 and 21.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 104.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 104.1 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 92.9% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.3% Asian,

There were 7,438 households in the county, of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 49.7% were married-couple households, 20.7% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 20.0% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 11,570 housing units, of which 35.7% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 83.8% were owner-occupied and 16.2% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.7%.

2010 census

At the 2010 United States census there were 16,571 people, 6,428 households, and 4,634 families residing in the county. The population density was 30 PD/sqmi. There were 10,822 housing units at an average density of 19 /mi2.

In 2010, the racial makeup of the county was 98.44% White, 0.21% Black or African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, 0.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.6% were of German, 12.4% English, 10.4% Irish, 10.0% American, 6.3% Polish and 5.1% French ancestry. 98.8% spoke English as their first language.

Government

Kalkaska County voters have been reliably Republican from the start. They have selected the Republican Party nominee in 86% of national elections (31 of 36). The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions—police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc.—are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Events

The National Trout Festival is an annual festival since 1936, held in April. It notes the heritage and sportsmanship of Kalkaska.

Education

The Northwest Educational Services, based in Traverse City, services the students in the county along with those of Antrim, Benzie, Grand Traverse, and Leelanau. The intermediate school district offers regional special education services, early education and English learner programs, and technical career pathways for students of its districts.

Kalkaska County is served by the following regular public school districts:

• Excelsior Township School District #1
• Forest Area Community Schools
• Kalkaska Public Schools

References

References

1. "Bibliography on Kalkaska County". [[Clarke Historical Library]], [[Central Michigan University]].
2. "State & County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau.
3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
4. George Dawson. (1840). "Acts of the Legislature of the State of Michigan Passed at the Annual Session of 1840".
5. Newberry Library. "Michigan: Individual County Chronologies".
6. "History in Grand Traverse County, Michigan".
7. "Genealogy Trails Kalkaska County Michigan".
8. "Michigan Counties".
9. [http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-15481_20826_20829-54126--,00.html Michigan History, County Names.]
10. (August 22, 2012). "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". US Census Bureau.
11. [https://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/habitat/rlandscp/s7-2-2.htm Michigan regional geology.] {{webarchive. link. (June 25, 2013)
12. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates Tables". United States Census Bureau.
13. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau.
14. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library.
15. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau.
16. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". US Census Bureau.
17. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
18. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
19. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
20. "U.S. Census website". US Census Bureau.
21. [http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS US Election Atlas]
22. [http://www.nationaltroutfestival.com/ National Trout festival, and picture of 'the trout.']
23. "About us". [[Northwest Educational Services]].
24. [[National Center for Education Statistics]]. "Search for Public School Data - Kalkaska County, MI". [[Institute of Education Sciences]].