Jones County, Georgia

History

Jones County, along with Morgan County, Putnam County, and Old Randolph, were established by an act of the Georgia General Assembly on December 10, 1807, from land that had originally been part Baldwin County in 1803 and, earlier, part of the Creek Nation. Jones County was originally bounded by a line running north 56° east to Commissioners Creek, then north 15° west to Cedar Creek, then up the creek to corner Randolph County and Putnam County, then along a line to Ocmulgee River, then down the river to where the old county line between Wilkinson County and Baldwin County was. It excluded parts of what is now Bibb County east of the Ocmulgee River, including the location of Fort Benjamin Hawkins, as they were part of a reserve guaranteed to the Creek Nation. Those areas were later added to Jones County after the Treaty of Indian Springs.

During the initial months of the county's existence, a town known as Albany served as the county seat. The town was renamed Clinton and was established as the county seat by the Georgia General Assembly on December 22, 1808. Clinton was incorporated as in 1816. During the 1800s Clinton grew as a center of commerce and the cotton trade. Clinton remained one of the most populous cities in Georgia in the mid-1800s.

Among the earliest settlers of the county were Thomas White (1781–1830) and Elizabeth Haynes Clark (1788–1856), of Orange County, Virginia, who established a plantation a few miles north of Round Oak, before 1810.

In December 1810 Jones County gained a portion of Putnam County between Cedar Creek and their original border. In December 1822 Bibb County was established and Jones County lost some of its land to that county.

During the early 19th century, Jones County had a rapid population increase. The peak came around 1835, when the county ranked third or fourth among all of the state's counties in agricultural wealth. After 1835, soil erosion and lack of funds to develop property drove many farmers to newly opened land elsewhere in Georgia.

Before the American Civil War, a few factories sprang up in the county, including a cotton gin factory at Griswoldville in the southern portion of the county and a woolen factory at Wallace. Griswoldville was founded by Samuel Griswold in the 1850s. During the Civil War, the cotton gin factory was reformatted so it could produce pistols and other weapons for the Confederate Army. Griswoldville was located on the railway linking Macon to Savannah, and became a prime target in 1864 as the Union Army moved through Georgia. On November 20, 1864, the town and the factories in it were burned as part of Sherman's March to the Sea. Days later the Battle of Griswoldville took place in the area. The town of Griswoldville was not rebuilt.

Many other areas in Jones County were damaged by the Union Army during that time period. The Jarrell Plantation State Historic Site in Jones County showcases one of the few and well-preserved antebellum plantations in Georgia.

In the 1890s a railroad line owned by the Central of Georgia Railway named the Macon & Northern Railroad was built through the county and bypassed Clinton by a mile after citizens wanted the line to not pass through the town. By the early 1900s the population had shifted northeastward and the city of Gray was established. On June 27, 1905, the citizens of Jones County voted on the issues of moving the county seat from Clinton to Gray. The results were 1,289 votes in favor of moving the county seat to Gray and 51 votes for keeping the county seat at Clinton. On August 9, 1905, Gray became the new county seat of Jones County.

Father and son Alonzo and James D. Green were innocent African-Americans lynched near Round Oak and Wayside, Jones County in retaliation for the murder of popular white farmer Silas Hardin Turner on July 4, 1915. A third man, William Bostick, was also lynched on this day. None of those killed received a trial.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 395 sqmi, of which 394 sqmi is land and 1.5 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

The western half of Jones County, west of Gray, is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. The northeastern quarter of the county, north of Gray, is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the same Altamaha River basin, while the southeastern corner of Jones County is located in the Lower Oconee River sub-basin of the larger Altamaha River basin.

Major highways

• [[File:US 129.svg|25px]] U.S. Route 129
• [[File:Georgia 11.svg|20px]] State Route 11
• [[File:Georgia 18.svg|20px]] State Route 18
• [[File:Georgia 22.svg|20px]] State Route 22
• [[File:Georgia 44.svg|20px]] State Route 44
• [[File:Georgia 49.svg|20px]] State Route 49
• [[File:Georgia 57.svg|20px]] State Route 57
• [[File:Georgia 540.svg|23px]] State Route 540 (Fall Line Freeway)

Rivers

• Ocmulgee River

Adjacent counties

• Jasper County - north
• Putnam County - northeast
• Baldwin County - east
• Twiggs County - southeast
• Wilkinson County - southeast
• Bibb County - south
• Monroe County - west

National protected areas

• Oconee National Forest (part)
• Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Communities

City

• Gray (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

• Bradley
• Clinton
• Fortville
• Haddock
• Round Oak
• Wayside

Extinct town

• Blountsville

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1790-1880 1890-1910 1920-1930 1930-1940 1940-1950 1960-1980 1980-2000 2010

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had 28,347 people, 10,623 households, and 7,670 families residing in the county. The median age was 41.1 years, 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18, and 18.1% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 93.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89.5 males age 18 and over. 16.6% of residents lived in urban areas, while 83.4% lived in rural areas.

The racial makeup of the county was 71.3% White, 23.9% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.5% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.7% from some other race, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 1.7% of the population.

There were 10,623 households in the county, of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 27.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 11,584 housing units, of which 8.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 78.2% were owner-occupied and 21.8% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 6.3%.

Education

Main article: Jones County School System

Politics

As of the 2020s, Jones County is a strongly Republican voting county, voting 68.85% for Donald Trump in 2024. For elections to the United States House of Representatives, Jones County is part of Georgia's 8th congressional district, currently represented by Mike Collins. For elections to the Georgia State Senate, Jones County is part of District 25. For elections to the Georgia House of Representatives, Jones County is part of districts 144 and 149.

Notable people

• John T. Edge, writer, commentator, and former director of the Southern Foodways Alliance
• Terrance Gore, professional baseball player with the Kansas City Royals, Chicago Cubs, New York Yankees, Atlanta Braves and New York Mets
• William Lee, early Alabama politician; immigrated to Jones County from England
• Sadie Gray Mays (1900–1969), social worker and wife of college president Benjamin Mays; born in Gray
• Otis Redding, singer, lived on a ranch he owned in Jones County during the height of his music career. A marker in downtown Gray pays tribute to Redding.

References

References

1. "Census - Geography Profile: Jones County, Georgia". [[United States Census Bureau]].
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
3. Gannett, Henry. (1905). "The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States". Govt. Print. Off..
4. (December 10, 1807). "Acts of the State of Georgia Passed in 1807".
5. (May 15, 1821). "Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia: Passed at Milledgville, At an Extra Session, In April and May, 1821".
6. [https://www.achp.gov/preserve-america/community/jones-county-georgia "Jones County, Georgia."] Advisory Council on Historic Preservation website. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
7. Kenneth K. Krakow. [http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/c.pdf "Clinton"] entry in ''Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins''. 3rd ed. Winship Press, 1999. p. 46. {{ISBN. 0-915430-00-2
8. (December 22, 1808). "Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia: Passed at Milledgville, At An Annual Session, In November and December, 1808".
9. (December 4, 1816). "Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia: Passed at Milledgville, At An Annual Session, In November and December, 1816".
10. William Bragg. [https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/jones-county/ "Jones County."] ''New Georgia Encyclopedia.'' October 31, 2018.
11. (December 15, 1810). "Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia: Passed at Milledgville in November and December 1810".
12. David D. Long. (1914). "Soil Survey of Jones County, Georgia".
13. (August 9, 1905). "Acts and Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia 1905".
14. (February 12, 2011). "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". [[United States Census Bureau]].
15. "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission.
16. "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024". United States Census Bureau.
17. "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". United States Census Bureau.
18. (1880). "1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800". United States Census Bureau.
19. (1910). "1910 Census of Population - Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
20. (1930). "1930 Census of Population - Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
21. (1940). "1940 Census of Population - Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
22. (1950). "1950 Census of Population - Georgia -". United States Census Bureau.
23. (1980). "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
24. (2000). "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
25. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau.
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27. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
28. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
29. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
30. "Georgia General Assembly".
31. "Georgia General Assembly".
32. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
33. "Otis Redding's legacy will be remembered with permanent road marker in Jones County".