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Joint task force

Ad hoc military formation

Joint task force

Summary

Ad hoc military formation

A joint task force is a "joint" (multi-service) ad hoc military formation. The task force concept originated with the United States Navy in the 1920s and 1930s.

"Combined" is the British-American military term for multi-national formations.

  • CTF – Commander Task Force, sometimes Combined Task Force
  • CCTF – Commander Combined Task Force
  • CJTF – Combined Joint Task Force (multi-service and multi-national). During the late 1990s creating CJTFs was part of arranging greater European Union - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation cooperation; see Berlin Plus agreement.
Ships of Task Group 100.1 during Exercise [[BALTOPS]], 1985

There are two ways in which a U.S. or U.S.-allied task force may be assigned a number. The first is the originally naval scheme promulgated and governed by the Military Command, Control, Communications, and Computers Executive Board (MC4EB), chaired by the Joint Staff J6. Task force numbers allocated under this scheme form the majority of the listings below.

The second is a by-product of the U.S. Army's procedure for forming task-organised forces for combat, differing from strictly doctrinally assigned table of organization and equipment organizations. A battalion, company or brigade commander has very wide latitude in selecting a task force name, though often the name of the commander is used (e.g. Task Force Faith; Task Force Smith was named for the commander of the 1st Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment). This has often resulted in derivations from the originator unit's numerical designation being used. For example, when a special operations aviation unit was being formed in the late 1970s, the original unit drew heavily on personnel from the 158th Aviation. The designation chosen was Task Force 158, which later grew to become the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. Another example comes from 2004 in Afghanistan. On 15 April 2004 the headquarters of the U.S. Army's 25th Infantry Division arrived in Afghanistan and took command of CJTF-180 from the 10th Mountain Division. Lieutenant General David Barno, commanding then decided to rename CJTF 180 because the “180” designation had traditionally been given to Joint task forces led by the Army's XVIII Airborne Corps. Barno chose Combined Joint Task Force 76 as the new name to evoke America's history and the democratic spirit of 1776. The CFC-A commander intended this new designation to highlight the change in command at the operational level at a time when Afghanistan appeared to be moving closer to democracy.

An example of a changing naval task force structure, promulgated by signal: the Royal Navy in the Falklands War

No coordination appears to occur between U.S. Army task forces designated in this way, and the USMCEB scheme. This has resulted in simultaneous designations being used at the same time. For example, Combined Joint Task Force 76, was in use in Afghanistan in 2004, but doubling up on the Task Force 76 designation used for decades by Amphibious Force, United States Seventh Fleet, in north Asia.

Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX) is designed to test a strike group's ability to operate in hostile and complex environments with other U.S. and coalition forces. The integrated exercise combines specific warfare areas with the purpose of making preparations for the strike group's upcoming deployment. An example of such an exercise includes The John F. Kennedy (CV-67) Carrier Battle Group which participated in Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX) 02–1, in the waters off the East Coast as well as on training ranges in North Carolina and Florida during Operation Enduring Freedom January 19, 2002

Numbered USMCEB joint task forces

Allied Communications Publication 113: Call Signs Book for Ships in its Annex B lists allocations of task force numbers from 1 to approximately 1000, allocated by the United States Military Communications-Electronic Board in blocks for use by the United States Department of Defense and allies.

Norman Polmar noted in Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet, 2005, that the task forces under the commanders of the Atlantic and Pacific Fleet are mainly for contingency purposes. They are employed for specific operations and exercises.

Combined Task Force (CTF) 13 conducted a simulated long range raid on Camp Hanson, Okinawa Japan, March 21, 2016. CTF-13 conducted the raid, which commenced in South Korea, to demonstrate air assault, multi-continent long-range raid capabilities, and the ability to strike and destroy. CTF 13 included 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines.

Joint task forceAbbrev.StateNotes
Joint Task Force 1{{sortname
Joint Task Force 2{{sortname
Joint Task Force 3{{sortname
Joint Task Force 4{{sortname
Joint Task Force 5{{sortname
Joint Task Force 6{{sortname
Joint Task Force 7{{sortname
Combined Joint Task Force 7{{sortname
Joint Task Force 8{{sortname
Joint Task Force 11{{sortname
Task Force 12{{sortname
Task Force 13{{sortname
Task Force 14{{sortname
Task Force 15{{sortname
Task Force 16{{sortname
Task Force 17{{sortname
Task Force 18{{sortname
Task Force 19{{sortname
Task Force 20{{sortname
Task Force 25{{sortname
Task Forces 30-39{{sortname
Task Force 31{{sortname
Task Force 35{{sortname
Task Force 38{{sortname
Task Force 44{{sortname
Task Forces 50-57{{sortname
Task Force 57{{sortname
Task Force 58{{sortname
Task Force 60{{sortname
Task Force 61{{sortname
Task Force 64{{sortname
Task Force 67{{sortname
Task Force 73{{sortname
Task Force 74{{sortname
Task Force 76{{sortname
Task Force 77{{sortname
Task Force 80{{sortname
Task Force 84{{sortname
Task Force 88{{sortname
Task Force 90{{sortname
Task Force 91{{sortname
Task Force 93{{sortname
Task Force 95{{sortname
Task Force 97{{sortname
Task Force 98{{sortname
Task Force 99{{sortname
Task Force 100
Task Force 101
Task Forces 102-109
Task Force 104
Task Force 111
Task Forces 111-119
Task Force 113
Task Force 115
Task Force 116
Task Force 117
Joint Task Force 120
Task Force 121
Task Force 122
Task Force 123
Task Force 124
Task Force 125
Task Force 130
Joint Task Force 132
Task Force 134
Task Force 136
Task Force 140
Task Force 144
Task Force 151
Task Force 157
Joint Task Force 160
Combined Joint Task Force-180
Task Force 214
Task Force 294
Task Force 301
Task Force 311
Task Group 316.1
Task Force 317
Task Force 318
Task Force 321
Task Group 323.2
Task Force 324
Task Force 326
Task Force 330
Task Force 333
Task Force 345
Task Force 373
Task Forces 401-410
Joint Task Force 435
Task Force 439
Task Force 440
Task Force 442
Task Force 465
Task Force 472
Task Force 473
Task Force 500
Task Force 502
Task Force 503
Task Force 504
Task Force 505
Task Force 506
Task Force 508
Joint Task Force 510
Joint Task Force 622
Joint Task Force 627
Joint Task Force 629
Joint Task Force 630
Joint Task Force 631
Joint Task Force 632
Joint Task Force 633
Joint Task Force 634
Combined Task Force 635
Joint Task Force 636
Joint Task Force 637
Joint Task Force 638
Joint Task Force 639
Joint Task Force 641
Joint Task Force 643
Joint Task Force 644
Joint Task Force 645
Task Force 646
Joint Task Force 658
Joint Task Force 659
Joint Task Force 661
Joint Task Force 662
Joint Task Force 663
Joint Task Force 664
Joint Task Force 665
Combined Joint Task Force 667
Task Force 714
Joint Task Force 728
Task Force 825
Joint Task Force 950
Task Force 976align-right
Task Force 1099

Named joint task forces

Joint Task Force Shining Hope; Joint Task Force Eagle Vista (1998 Presidential African visit)

Joint task forceAbbrev.WhoNotes
Joint Task Force-Alaska
Joint Task Force-Armed Forces Inaugural Committee
Joint Task Force Aztec Silence
Joint Task Force Bravo
Joint Task Force Caring Response
Joint Task Force Central
Joint Task Force-Civil Support
Joint Task Force East
Joint Task Force for Elimination
Joint Task Force Empire Shield
Joint Task Force Full Accounting
Joint Task Force Gator
Joint Task Force-Global Network Operations
Joint Task Force Gold
Joint Task Force Guantanamo
Joint Task Force Haiti
Joint Task Force-Homeland Defense
Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa
Joint Task Force Katrina
Joint Task Force Lebanon
Joint Task Force Liberia
Joint Task Force National Capital Region/Medical
Joint Task Force (North)
Joint Task Force North
Joint Task Force OMEGA
Joint Task Force Southwest Asia
Joint Task Force-Space Defense
Joint Task Force Rita
Joint Task Force Operation United Assistance

United States Army and other non-USMCEB task forces

These included Combined Joint Task Force 76, Combined Joint Task Force 82, and Combined Joint Task Force 180.

Task forceAbbrev.WhoNotes
Task Force 1-41 Infantry
Task Force 77
Combined Joint Task Force 82
Special Operations Task Force 103
Task Force 118
Task Force 121
Task Force 145
Task Force ALBA
Task Force Aegis
Task Force Alpha
Task Force Baum
Task Force Bayonet
Task Force Black
Task Force Blue
Task Force Danbi
Task Force Eagle
Task Force East
Task Force Faith
Task Force Falcon (US)
Task Force Frigid
Task Force Harvest
Task Force Hawk
Task Force Helmand
Task Force K-Bar
Task Force Kandahar
Task Force Kean
Task Force Leatherneck
Task Force Libeccio
Task Force Lightning
Task Force Manchu
Task Force Mustang
Task Force ODIN
Task Force Phoenix
Task Force Ranger
Task Force Scorpio
Task Force Shield
Task Force Sinai
Task Force Smith
Task Force Tarawa
Task Force Taro
Task Force Trinity
Task Force Tripoli
Task Force Uruzgan
Task Force Viking
Task Force White Eagle

Others

  • Task Force for Business and Stability Operations – U.S. Department of Defense commercial facilitation organization, not a military operational task force.
  • Task Force 6-26 – USSOCOM or JSOC task force
  • Task Force 1-37 Armor was a heavy battalion mechanized task force formed around units of the 1st Armored Division (United States). It served at the Battle of Medina Ridge during the 1991 Gulf War.

References

Sources

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