John Musker

Early life

Musker was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second oldest of eight children in an Irish Catholic family. His father, Robert J. Musker, who worked for over 40 years at Illinois Bell Telephone, died in 2008 at the age of 84,

He attended Loyola Academy in Illinois and then graduated from the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern University, where he majored in English and drew cartoons for the Daily Northwestern. After that, he obtained his Master of Fine Arts at CALARTS, California Institute of the Arts in Santa Clarita. There he served a two-year apprenticeship with famed animator Frank Thomas, a supervising animator of Disney films such as Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp (1955), and The Aristocats (1970).

Career

Musker met Ron Clements during the production of The Fox and the Hound in 1981, where he worked as a character animator under Clements and Cliff Nordberg. Musker teamed up with Clements as story artists on The Black Cauldron before they were removed from the project.

Following the green-lighting of Clements's pitch for an adaptation of the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus into an animated feature, Musker and fellow story artist Burny Mattinson were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was brought in as an additional director. Due to a shortened production schedule and multiple story rewrites, Roy E. Disney assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer while Ron Clements was brought in as another director.

While working on The Great Mouse Detective, newly appointed Disney CEO and chairman Michael Eisner and Jeffrey Katzenberg issued invitations to the animation staff for their first held "gong show" session. Demanding only five new ideas, Clements pitched an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid and a high-concept idea of Treasure Island in Space, which were both rejected by Katzenberg and Eisner. The next morning, Katzenberg approached Clements and asked him to expand his initial treatment.

With The Little Mermaid in production in 1986, Musker joined Clements in expanding the original treatment into a twenty-page rough script, eliminating the role of the mermaid's grandmother and expanding the roles of the Merman King and the sea witch, and were later joined by Off-Broadway musical composers Howard Ashman and Alan Menken who collaborated on the song and musical score. Released in November 1989, The Little Mermaid was praised as a milestone in rebirth of Disney animation by film critics and collected a domestic gross of $84 million, cumulatively receiving $184.2 million worldwide.

When work on The Little Mermaid was wrapped, Clements and Musker re-developed their idea for Treasure Planet, but the studio still expressed disinterest. Instead, the two directors were offered three projects in development: Swan Lake, King of the Jungle, and Aladdin. The directors eventually chose the latter, desiring a wacky, faster-paced, and more contemporary mood separate from the previous Disney animated films.

Working from Ashman and Menken's treatment and musical score, the two delivered a story reel to Katzenberg in April 1991, which was strongly disapproved. Jettisoning multiple characters and story ideas and adding Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio as co-screenwriters, the production team restructured the entire story in eight days. Released in November 1992, Aladdin received positive reviews from critics, and became the first animated film to gross over $200 million domestically.

Following work on Aladdin, Clements, along with Musker, resumed their work on Treasure Planet, which was again turned down by Katzenberg in 1993, who disapproved of setting the adaptation of a classic adventure tale in outer space. A deal was struck with the two directors to create another commercial film before he would approve Treasure Planet. Rejecting projects in development such as Don Quixote, The Odyssey, and Around the World in Eighty Days, they were later informed of animator Joe Haidar's pitch for a Hercules feature, and signed onto the project.

During production on Hercules, in 1995, Clements and Musker signed a seven-year contract deal with the studio which stipulated following Hercules, the studio would produce Treasure Planet or another project of their choosing.

With Treasure Planet completed in 2002, Clements and Musker later inherited Fraidy Cat, which was originally a project developed by Dutch animation director Piet Kroon. Fraidy Cat, however, never saw its light of day, as David Stainton, then-president of Walt Disney Feature Animation, refused to green-light the project. It was soon followed with Clements and Musker's resignation from Walt Disney Feature Animation in September 2005.

When John Lasseter was appointed chief creative officer over Walt Disney Feature Animation in February 2006, he invited Clements and Musker back to Disney to oversee production on The Frog Princess, and were officially confirmed as directors in the following July. Later re-titled The Princess and the Frog, the film received positive reviews and grossed $267 million worldwide.

After directing The Princess and the Frog, Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort, but obtaining the film rights prevented them from continuing with the project. In late 2012, the duo announced that they will be directing a new film in the future, but they have their lips sealed for the title, the plot, and the animation style.

In July 2013, it was revealed that the film, titled Moana, would be "a Polynesian tale involving the island folk and the idols made famous the world over". On November 10, 2014, Disney confirmed Moana would be released on November 23, 2016.

In March 2018, having worked at Disney for 40 years, Musker announced his retirement from Walt Disney Animation Studios. In 2023 he released his short film I'm Hip which he animated by hand.

Personal life

Musker is married to Gale. He also has sisters by the names of Patricia, Colleen, Kathleen, Maureen, and Terri, and two younger brothers, Robert and Martin.

Filmography

Feature films

Short films

Documentaries

Awards and nominations

Collaborations

John Musker and Ron Clements have cast certain actors in more than one of their films.

References

Bibliography

References

1. (November 24, 2008). "Death Notice: ROBERT J. MUSKER". Chicago Tribune.
2. (February 15, 2011). "Joan Musker Obituary". Chicago Sun-Times.com.
3. Deneen, Nancy. (2008). "The Animated Life of John Musker, Class of 1975". Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences.
4. Wells, Paul. (2002-01-01). "Animation and America". Edinburgh University Press.
5. Korkis, Jim. (February 23, 2011). "How Basil Saved Disney Feature Animation: Part One". [[USA Today]].
6. Diana Ringo. (September 8, 2024). "Interview with film director and animation legend John Musker". Indie Cinema Magazine.
7. (2006). "Treasures Untold: The Making of Disney's "The Little Mermaid"". Walt Disney Home Entertainment.
8. "1989 Worldwide Grosses". [[Box Office Mojo]].
9. (December 6, 2002). "Disney's 'Treasure Planet' an Adventure in Losing Money". [[Los Angeles Times]].
10. (October 13, 2015). "Everything you ever wanted to know about Aladdin".
11. Rhodes, Joe. (November 8, 1992). "COVER STORY : What Would Walt Say? : The credits read Disney, but 'Aladdin' is a brand-new 'toon, an irreverent high-stakes gamble that veers sharply from tradition". Los Angeles Times.
12. (2004). "Reflections On Black Friday". Walt Disney Home Video.
13. Fox, David J.. (April 21, 1993). "'Aladdin' Becomes a $200-Million Genie for Disney". Los Angeles Times.
14. (April 5, 2001). "Who the hell do we get to play Hades?". Jim Hill Media.
15. (April 5, 2004). "Bad day in the barnyard". Los Angeles Times.
16. Hill, Jim. (August 17, 2005). "Why was the head of WDFA afraid to put "Fraidy Cat" into production?". Jim Hill Media.
17. Sito, Tom. (March 14, 2006). "The Late, Great, 2D Animation Renaissance — Part 2". [[Animation World Network]].
18. (March 11, 2010). "An Interview with John Musker and Ron Clements". DVD Dizzy.
19. (July 23, 2006). "Comic-Con Sees Stars, 2D Officially Back at Disney". Animation World Network.
20. "The Princess and the Frog (2009)". [[Internet Movie Database.
21. Connelly, Brendon. (April 6, 2013). "What Disney's Film Of Terry Pratchett's Mort Might Have Looked Like... And A Preview Of Things To Come". Bleeding Cool.
22. Miller, Bruce. (August 24, 2013). "Sioux City native Ron Clements preps new film for Disney studio". Sioux City Journal.
23. Jardine, William. (July 11, 2013). "Tonnes of New Details Revealed About Disney's Upcoming Slate!". Big Screen Animation.
24. (November 10, 2014). "Disney Animation's 'Zootopia,' 'Moana' Hitting Theaters in 2016". [[Variety (magazine).
25. Amidi, Amid. (March 19, 2018). "John Musker, Co-Director Of 'Aladdin' And 'Moana,' Retires From Disney After 40 Years". [[Cartoon Brew]].
26. (June 15, 1997). "John Musker Brings Chicago Sensibility, Madcap Style To Disney". Chicago Tribune.
27. (January 13, 2017). "'Moana' Sails Home on Digital HD February 21 and Blu-ray March 7". Animation World Network.