John Hunt, Baron Hunt

Early life and military career

Hunt was born in Simla, British India, on 22 June 1910, the son of Captain Cecil Edwin Hunt of the Indian Army, and a great-great-nephew of the explorer Sir Richard Burton. His father was killed in action during the First World War. Hunt, from the age of 10, spent much holiday time in the Alps, learning some of the mountaineering skills he would later hone while taking part in several expeditions in the Himalayas while serving in India. He made a guided ascent of Piz Palu at 14. He was educated at Marlborough College before entering the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, where he was awarded the King's Gold Medal and the Anson Memorial Sword.

After Sandhurst, Hunt was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) on 30 January 1930. Among his fellow graduates were Charles Harington and Alan Brown. In 1931, the regiment was posted to India. Despite his background he seems not to have been entirely comfortable with the prevailing social climate of the Raj. He preferred rugby to polo, and having already gained fluency in German and French he added Urdu and some Bengali. and was seconded to the Indian Police. having been awarded the Indian Police Medal.

Throughout this period Hunt continued to climb in the Himalayas. In 1935, with James Waller's group, he attempted Saltoro Kangri, reaching 24500 ft.

He married Joy Mowbray-Green on 3 September 1936, and she also took part (along with Reggie Cooke), in Hunt's 1937 Himalayan trip which included reconnaissance of Kangchenjunga, the south-western summit of Nepal Peak, and only the third ascent of the Zemu Gap, between Kangchenjunga and Simvo. Here they saw tracks that one of the party's Sherpas told them were those of the Yeti. being promoted substantive captain.

Second World War

Upon returning to the United Kingdom in 1940, Hunt became chief instructor at the Commando Mountain and Snow Warfare School, Braemar. He returned to regimental duty in 1943 as a war substantive major and acting lieutenant colonel, Commanding Officer (CO) of the 11th Battalion of the KRRC. Forming the motorised infantry element of the 23rd Armoured Brigade, Hunt led the battalion in the Italian Campaign. In 1944, Hunt received an immediate award of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his leadership in bitter fighting on the River Sangro, in addition to his battalion, he commanded attached troops from other arms, and the recommendation for his DSO states that he was constantly in the forefront of the fighting, organising raids and ambushes to keep the enemy forces on the back foot, and himself leading reconnaissance patrols deep behind enemy lines. In October 1944, his battalion was transferred to Greece, just as the tensions that would lead to the Greek Civil War were becoming evident.

In Greece, Hunt was appointed temporary brigadier and given command of the 11th Indian Infantry Brigade, part of the 4th Indian Infantry Division, at Patras. He described attempting to keep the peace between the various factions as "the most tense and difficult period in all my experience, before or since". In contrast to Italy, he was ordered not to take the initiative and had to cope with large hostile forces threatening him, and infiltration by armed civilians as well as increasing numbers of insults to his troops. Hunt kept the situation calm, and when finally allowed to act, and reinforced he planned and executed a successful operation. He then attended the Staff College, Camberley, in 1946, followed by various staff appointments in the Middle East and Europe. becoming substantive colonel in 1952.

Mount Everest

Main article: 1953 British Mount Everest Expedition

Hunt was employed on the staff at Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) when he received the surprise invitation to lead the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition. It had been expected that Eric Shipton would lead the expedition, as he had led the (unsuccessful) British attempt on Cho Oyu the previous year from which the majority of the climbers were drawn. However, the Joint Himalayan Committee of the Alpine Club and Royal Geographical Society that oversaw British attempts on Everest decided that Hunt's military leadership experience and undoubted climbing credentials would provide the best hope for success. It was felt to be critical that this expedition should be successful as the French had permission to mount an expedition in 1954 and the Swiss in 1955, meaning that the British would not have another opportunity until 1956 at the earliest.

Many members of the expedition felt a strong loyalty to Shipton, and were unhappy with his replacement. Edmund Hillary was one of those most opposed to the change, but was soon won round by Hunt's personality and frank admission that the change had been badly handled. Hunt planned for three assaults of two climbers each including "a third and last attempt" if necessary, although after two consecutive assaults a wait would be necessary to "recover our strength" and to replenish the camps.

Base Camp was established on 12 April 1953. The next few days were taken up with establishing a route through the Khumbu Icefall, and once opened, teams of Sherpas moved tons of supplies up the mountain. A succession of advanced camps were created, slowly forging higher up the mountain. By 21 May, Wilfrid Noyce and Annullu had reached the psychological milestone of the South Col. Hunt had selected two climbing pairs to attempt the summit. The first pair (Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans) set out on 26 May but were forced to turn back after becoming exhausted high on the mountain. On the same day, Hunt himself climbed to 8350 m with Da Namgyal Sherpa to leave a cache of equipment on the Southeast Ridge for the second summit party. On 28 May, the expedition made its second assault on the summit with the second climbing pair. The summit was eventually reached at 11:30 am on 29 May 1953 by the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay from Nepal (Norgay had previously ascended to a record mark on Everest with a Swiss expedition of 1952).

News of the expedition's success reached London on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation. He received his knighthood on his return to London in July 1953. Further honours were showered on Hunt and the expedition team: the Hubbard Medal of the National Geographic Society, the first time the medal was awarded on a collective basis, though individual bronze replicas were made for Hunt, Hillary and Norgay; the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society; the Lawrence medal of the Royal Central Asian Society; and honorary degrees from Aberdeen, Durham, and London universities.

Later life

Hunt returned to active duty in the Army, being posted as assistant commandant of Sandhurst. Following his retirement from military service in 1956, when he was granted the honorary rank of brigadier, he became the first Director of the Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme, a post he held for ten years.

Hunt was Committee Chairman of Plas y Brenin from 1955 to 1965, and in the 1966 Birthday Honours he was created a Life Peer for his work with young people, his title being gazetted as Baron Hunt, of Llanvair Waterdine in the County of Salop.

In 1962, Hunt, as representative of the Alpine Club, was joint leader alongside Malcolm Slesser of the British contingent of the British-Soviet Pamirs Expedition with the goal of climbing Ismoil Somoni Peak in the Pamir Mountains, the highest point in the Soviet Union. Hunt retired from the expedition following the deaths of Wilfred Noyce and Robin Smith while descending from the summit of Mount Garmo.

He was the first Chairman of the Parole Board, and his advisory work on policing in Northern Ireland led to the Hunt Report with its recommendation for the disbanding of the B-Specials and creation of a purely military reserve force, which was created as the Ulster Defence Regiment. In 1974 he was appointed to the Royal Commission on the Press. He was invested as a Knight Companion of the Garter in 1979.

Lord Hunt died on 7 November 1998 aged 88 in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, having had four daughters, one being the actress Sally Nesbitt.

Coat of Arms

Bibliography

• (autobiography)

Notes

References

References

1. Band, George. (September 2004). "Hunt, (Henry Cecil) John, Baron Hunt (1910–1998)".
2. [http://www.burkespeerage.com/records.php ''Burke's Landed Gentry of Ireland'' (1912 edn): BURTON of Carrigaholt Castle]
3. "Casualty details—Hunt, Cecil Edwin". [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]].
4. (2007). "Hunt, Baron, (Henry Cecil John Hunt) (22 June 1910 – 8 November 1998)".
5. {{London Gazette. (31 January 1930)
6. {{London Gazette. (10 May 1935)
7. {{London Gazette. (15 April 1938)
8. {{London Gazette. (5 August 1938)
9. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=680207 Piece details WO 373/7], [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] contains the recommendation for the DSO, which can be downloaded (fee payable) from Documents Online, [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7646130&queryType=1&resultcount=2 Image details—Hunt, Henry Cecil John]. Retrieved 8 April 2008.
10. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=680275 Piece details WO 373/75], the [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|National Archives]] contains the citation for the CBE, which can be downloaded (fee payable) from Documents Online, [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7680618&queryType=1&resultcount=2 Image details—Hunt, Henry Cecil John]. Retrieved 8 April 2008.
11. {{London Gazette. (22 January 1952)
12. Perrin, Jim. (11 January 2008). "Obituary – Sir Edmund Hillary". The Guardian.
13. Conefrey, Mick. (2012). "Everest 1953: The Epic Story of the First Ascent". OneWorld Publications.
14. (2001–2003). "Mount Everest Expedition 1953". [[Royal Geographical Society]].
15. Returning to [[Kathmandu]] a few days later, they discovered that Hillary had been made a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] and Hunt a [[Knight Bachelor]] for their efforts.{{London Gazette. (12 June 1953)
16. {{London Gazette. (17 July 1953)
17. Jenkins, Mark C. (25 April 2003). "Archive: Eisenhower Meets with Hillary". [[NPR]], reproducing archive material from the [[National Geographic Society]].
18. {{London Gazette. (19 June 1956)
19. {{London Gazette. (21 June 1968)
20. {{London Gazette. (3 June 1966)
21. {{London Gazette. (5 July 1966)
22. (1963). "Himalayan Journal 24".
23. {{London Gazette. (17 October 1974)
24. {{London Gazette. (24 April 1979)
25. White, Stephen. (9 November 1998). "Everest hero dies aged 88". The Mirror.
26. (10 November 2018). "Obituary: Lord Hunt". The Independent.
27. (9 November 1998). "Obituary: Lord Hunt". The Telegraph.
28. "Financial Times , 1998, UK, English".