Jhapa District

History

The lowlands of Limbuwan (present-day terai lands of Sunsari, Morang, and Jhapa) were collectively known as Morang since the time of King Mawrong of 7th century. In the beginning of 1400 AD, Morang Kingdom patriated from Kingdom of Ilam and Kingdom of Mikluk Bodhey (Choubise) and started ruling on its own.

Location

Jhapa is the easternmost district of Nepal and lies in the fertile Terai plains. It is part of the Outer Terai. Jhapa borders with Ilam in the north, Morang in the west, the Indian state of Bihar in the south and the Indian state of West Bengal to the southeast and east. Geographically, it covers an area of 1606 km2 and lies on 87°39’ east to 88°12’ east longitude and 26°20’ north to 26°50’ north latitude.{{Citation | access-date = May 5, 2020 | archive-date = April 5, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230405183640/http://dccjhapa.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/DTMP-jhapa.pdf | url-status = dead

Climate and geography

Jhapa receive 250 to 300 cm of rainfall a year, and mostly during the monsoon season in the summer, and its hilly northern area receives more rainfall than the south.{{Citation | access-date = May 5, 2020}} The maximum temperature recorded is 42.5 °C in summer and 1 °C in winter. The lowest elevation point is 58 meters which is the lowest land in Nepal and the highest elevation point is 500 meters from mean sea level.

Administrative divisions

Jhapa consists of 15 administrative divisions including eight municipalities and seven rural municipalities. Each division has wards according to the demographic and geographic size. These are:

Municipalities

• Mechinagar Municipality
• Bhadrapur Municipality
• Birtamod Municipality
• Arjundhara Municipality
• Kankai Municipality
• Shivasatakshi Municipality
• Gauradaha Municipality
• Damak Municipality

Rural municipalities

• Buddhashanti Rural Municipality
• Haldibari Rural Municipality
• Kachankawal Rural Municipality
• Barhadashi Rural Municipality
• Jhapa Rural Municipality
• Gauriganj Rural Municipality
• Kamal Rural Municipality

Villages

• Hattikilla

Demographics

At the time of the 2021 Nepal census, Jhapa District had a population of 998,054. 23.25% of the population is under 5 years of age. It has a literacy rate of 82.83% and a sex ratio of 1085 females per 1000 males. 704,357 (70.57%) lived in municipalities.

Jhapa District has average population density of around 619 per square kilometer. The district population growth rate is 1.93%. However, the growth is balanced and in-migration is rapidly increasing day to day into the district. At the time of the 2021 Nepal census, Jhapa District had a population of 994,090 making it the 4th largest district in Nepal after Kathmandu, Morang and Rupandehi.

Being at the cross-roads of the eastern hills and the eastern Terai, Jhapa has huge ethnic diversity with 110 castes/ethnic groups represented. The largest communities are Bahun and Chhetri. Other communities include the Janajati Limbu and other Kirati peoples, Dalit communities like Kami and Damai, as well as Tamang, Newar and Magar and Adivasi communities like the Rajbanshi/Tajpuriya, Gangai or Ganesh, Santal, Tharu and Dhimal in the Terai.

As their first language, 61.47% of the population spoke Nepali, 8.54% Rajbanshi, 5.43% Limbu, 4.18% Maithili, 3.22% Santali, 2.01% Tamang, 1.82% Rai, 1.79% Gangai, 1.31% Tajpuriya and 1.06% Magar as their first language. In 2011, Nepali was spoken by 55.82% of the population as their first language.

Religion: 79.10% were Hindu, 9.38% Kirati, 4.94% Buddhist, 3.33% Muslim, 2.60% Christian, 0.63% Prakriti and 0.02% others.

International Borders

Jhapa borders the Indian state of Bihar to the south and the Indian state of West Bengal to the east. Jhapa is an eastern entry point of Nepal from India. Kakarbhitta-Mechinagar border lies in Jhapa and is an important trade point for Nepal.

Education

Among 77 districts, Jhapa has a literacy rate of 75.2%, higher than the national average. There are enough primary schools, secondary schools, high schools and colleges available both from private sector and the government. One such school is Shree Adarsh Vidya Mandir Higher Secondary School.

Notable people

Jhapa district is home to notable personalities including one former prime minister and two former deputy prime ministers.

• KP Sharma Oli, former prime minister of Nepal and chairman of CPN (UML)
• Bishwa Prakash Sharma, general secretary of Nepali Congress
• Rajendra Prasad Lingden, chairman of Rastriya Prajatantra Party
• Krishna Prasad Sitaula, former Home minister and senior leader of Nepali Congress
• Radha Krishna Mainali, senior Communist leader
• CP Mainali, chairman of CPN (ML) and former Deputy prime minister of Nepal
• Ananta Tamang, National Football Player, All Nepal Football Association

References

References

1. "Staff Profile of DAO". The Government of Nepal.
2. "Nepal Human Development Report 2014". Npc.gov.np.
3. "Preliminary Report of National Population Census 2021". National Statistical Office.
4. Chemjong, Iman Singh. "History and Culture of Kirat People".
5. Bhandari G., GurungS., Dhimal M., and Bhusal C. L., "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234029447_Climate_Change_and_Occurrence_of_Diarrheal_Diseases_Evolving_Facts_from_Nepal Climate Change and Occurrence of Diarrheal Diseases: Evolving Facts from Nepal]", ''J Nepal Health Res Counc'', Jan. 2013.
6. "Provincial/District/Local reports: Koshi Province". [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal).
7. "Table 1: Caste/Ethnicity and sex". [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal).
8. "Table 5: Mother tongue and sex". [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal).
9. "Social characteristics tables". [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal).
10. "Table 5: Religion and sex". [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal).
11. (2001). "Census 2001". central bureau of statistics, Nepal.