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Jewish supremacy
Part of the discourse around Israeli policies
Part of the discourse around Israeli policies
Jewish supremacy is the belief that Jewish people are superior to gentiles. The concept of Jewish supremacy arises in some discourse about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. According to some cultural commentators, the ethno-nationalist views, policies, and identity politics of some Israeli Jews rises to the level of a form of supremacism vis-à-vis the Palestinians, an Arab people. The term has been used by a variety of critics of Israeli policies, with some arguing that it reflects a broader pattern of discrimination against non-Jews in Israel. It has also been used by American far-right proponents of antisemitic conspiracy theories.
Discourse
Ilan Pappé, an expatriate Israeli historian, writes that the First Aliyah to Israel "established a society based on Jewish supremacy" within "settlement-cooperatives" that were owned and operated by Jews. Joseph Massad, a professor of Arab studies, holds that "Jewish supremacism" has always been a "dominating principle" in religious and secular Zionism.
Since the 1990s, Orthodox Jewish rabbis from Israel, most notably those affiliated with Chabad-Lubavitch and religious Zionist organizations, including the Temple Institute, have set up a modern Noahide movement. These Noahide organizations are aimed at non-Jews in order to convince them to follow the Noahide laws. The rabbis that guide the modern Noahide movement, many of whom are affiliated with the Third Temple movement, expound an ideology that has been criticized for racism and supremacy, and consists of the belief that the Jews are God's chosen people. These organizations mentor Noahides because they believe that the Messianic era will begin with the establishment of a Jewish theocracy in Israelincluding the rebuilding of the Third Temple on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem and re-institution of the Jewish priesthoodsupported by communities of Noahides. David Novak, professor of Jewish theology and ethics at the University of Toronto, has denounced the modern Noahide movement, saying, "If Jews are telling Gentiles what to do, it's a form of imperialism".
In 2002, Massad said that Israel imposes a "Jewish supremacist system of discrimination" on Palestinian citizens of Israel, and that this has been normalized within the discourse on how to end the conflict, with various parties arguing that "it is pragmatic for Palestinians to accept to live in a Jewish supremacist state as third class citizens".
In 2021, the Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem classified the State of Israel as "a regime of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea" through laws amounting to apartheid. It also took note of the fact that, after it was established in 1989, it initially focused on the legal and social situation in the Israeli-occupied territories, but that "what happens in the Occupied Territories can no longer be treated as separate from the reality in the entire area under Israel’s control" because there "is one regime governing the entire area and the people living in it, based on a single organizing principle".
In the aftermath of the 2022 Israeli legislative election, the winning right-wing coalition included an alliance known as Religious Zionist Party, which Jewish-American columnist David E. Rosenberg said is "driven by Jewish supremacy and anti-Arab racism".
Proponents of the one-state solution cite the development of Jewish supremacy as one of the main reasons for the necessity of a single country that applies democratic principles across all sectors of society, regardless of ethnic or religious affiliations.
Examples
Various discriminatory policies and practices have been cited as perpetrating Jewish supremacy in Israel, including the 1952 Citizenship Law and the 2018 Nation-State Law. The banned Israeli political party Kach, the phenomenon of Israeli settler violence, and all Israeli governments led by Benjamin Netanyahu have been accused of pursuing a Jewish supremacist agenda, particularly against Palestinians.
References
References
- [https://www.972mag.com/herzog-congress-democracy-lies/ The violent lies of Israel’s president]
- [https://www.972mag.com/jerusalem-flag-march-2024/ Chanting ‘burn Shu’afat’ and ‘flatten Gaza,’ masses attend Jerusalem Flag March]
- O'Brien, Kathleen. (September 20, 2023). "National extremist groups are behind recent attacks in Maine municipal meetings".
- Sogomonian, Ella. (June 7, 2023). "Walnut Creek City Council meeting disrupted by antisemitic callers Tuesday night". [[Bay City News]].
- Ilan Pappé. (1999). "The Israel/Palestine question". Psychology Press.
- David Hirsch, [http://www.yale.edu/yiisa/workingpaper/hirsh/David%20Hirsh%20YIISA%20Working%20Paper1.pdf Anti-Zionism and Antisemitism: Cosmopolitan Reflections] {{webarchive. link. (2008-10-11 , The Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Antisemitism Working Paper Series; discussion of [[Joseph Massad]]'s "The Ends of Zionism: Racism and the Palestinian Struggle", ''Interventions'', Vol. 5, No. 3, 440–451, 2003.)
- According to [[Joseph Massad]]'s [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mealac/faculty/massad/ "Response to the Ad Hoc Grievance Committee Report"] {{webarchive. link. (2006-09-13 on his [[Columbia University]] web site during a 2002 rally he said "Israeli Jews will continue to feel threatened if they persist in supporting Jewish supremacy." Massad says others have misquoted him as saying Israel was a "Jewish supremacist and racist state." See for example David Horowitz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CYqZjtVp00AC The professors: the 101 most dangerous academics in America],'' Regnery Publishing, [https://books.google.com/books?id=CYqZjtVp00AC&pg=PA271 271], 2006)
- Feldman, Rachel Z.. (August 2018). "The Children of Noah: Has Messianic Zionism Created a New World Religion?". [[University of California Press]].
- Ilany, Ofri. (12 September 2018). "The Messianic Zionist Religion Whose Believers Worship Judaism (But Can't Practice It)". [[Haaretz]].
- Kress, Michael. (2018). "The Modern Noahide Movement".
- ToI Staff. "Chief rabbi: Non-Jews shouldn't be allowed to live in Israel".
- "The Real Reason Intermarriage Is Bad for the Jews". Haaretz.
- Massad, Joseph. "On Zionism and Jewish Supremacy". New Politics.
- (14 July 2021). "So Long as Israel Enshrines Jewish Supremacy in Law, It Can't Be a Liberal Democracy". Harretz.
- (12 January 2021). "A regime of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This is apartheid". B'Tselem.
- (30 October 2022). "What Makes Israel's Far Right Different". [[Graham Holdings Company]].
- Reiff, Ben. (2023-07-30). "The only answer to the Israeli right's war: A state for all its citizens".
- (August 2024). "Introduction: Symposium on the Jewish Left". Critical Research on Religion.
- "Supremacy Unleashed: The Ongoing Erosion of Palestinian Citizenship in Israel." Shira Robinson 2021, The Routledge Handbook of Citizenship in the Middle East and North Africa
- (1 October 2020). "Some are more equal than others: Palestinian citizens in the settler colonial Jewish State". Settler Colonial Studies.
- (15 August 2024). "Settler Antisemitism, Israeli Mass Violence, and the Crisis of Holocaust and Genocide Studies". Journal of Palestine Studies.
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