Jalangi River

Etymology

The name Jalangi derives from two Bengali words Jal (Water) and Angi (who (female) possess body). ‘Jalangi’ is a Bengali word meaning ‘watery body’ or ‘the body is made of water’. However, the name ‘Jalangi’ has been derived from that very settlement ‘Jalangi’ in P.S. Jalangi of Murshidabad district, at which, the river would take-off its supply from river Padma (Majumder, 1995, p-37)

Course

Jalangi is a moribund river of 233 km in length in the Bhagirathi-Hooghly basin. The river is simultaneously a distributary of the river Padma and a tributary of the river Bhagirathi. The reach of 9.1 km from abandoned off-take at Char Madhubona near Gopalpur (Ghat) to Sialmari confluence at Kopila is erased out from the map of the region and 41.9 km from Sialmari confluence to Bhairab-Jalangi confluence at Moktarpur, though traceable but dead at present. The reach downstream to the Bhairab-Jalangi confluence up to Jalangi-Bhagirathi confluence at Swarupganj (182 km) is being maintained by the base flow of seepage water, contribution of Bhairab, and other spills during two months of the rainy season.

The Jalangi leaves the Ganges or Padma at the extreme north of the Nadia district at 24°05´26´´ N and 88°41´53´´ E and joins the river Bhagirathi at Swarupganj (23°24´42´´ N and 88°22´50´´ E), opposite Nabadwip, the birth-place of Sri Chaitanya.

1. Offtake at Char-Madhubona to Sialmari Confluence at Kopila 9.10 km (Untraceable)
2. Sialmari Confluence at Kopila to Bhairab Confluence at Moktarpur 41.9 km (Dead)
3. Bhairab Confluence at Moktarpur to Suti Confluence at Bali-Tungi 42.7 km
4. Suti Confluence at Bali-Tungi to Kalma Khal Confluence at Radhanagar 55.2 km
5. Kalma Khal Confluence at Radhanagar to Bhagirathi-Jalangi Confluence at Swarupganj 84.1 km Total length from Offtake at Char-Madhubona to Bhagirathi-Jalangi Confluence at Swarupganj 233 km

Changes in the course of rivers

The Jalangi is a modern stream, but its age is not known. Apparently it opened up long after the Bhairab River ran as a strong stream in a south easterly direction. Although it is generally believed that the river has opened up within the last few hundred years, there is no direct evidence of this. It is shown in Van den Brouck's map.

The Bhairab once flowed from the Ganges, across the present beds of the Jalangi, and further eastwards towards Faridpur. The Bhairab is no more a very active river. The Mathabhanga is a younger stream than Jalangi and it was not till very recently that the river completed its junction with the Hooghly by adopting the Churni (now its lower reaches) for its main course. Earlier most of the water of the Mathabhanga ran off to the east down the Kumara, Chitra, Coboduk (Bhairab), and Ichamati, but all these escape routes have been shut off, except a small amount for the Ichamati.

The point to note is that while earlier the rivers in the region flowed in a south-easterly direction, but later some force pulled the Jalangi and the Mathabhanga in a south-westerly direction. The inference is that it occurred because of a local subsidence, which was active for some period prior to 1750 and which has since become inactive.

Erosion

Erosion of the banks is not only a problem for the more turbulent rivers such as Padma and Bhagirathi, but also comparatively smaller rivers such as Jalangi. In 2006, the state government sanctioned Rs. 7 crore for anti-erosion work in the Jalangi River.{{cite web |url= http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=23&id=115823&usrsess=1

Bridge

At present, there are 4 complete road-bridges and 2 rail-bridges on the Jalangi. Two are left incomplete road bridges. One railway bridge is also awaiting completion. The complete and incomplete bridges are:

Bengali poetry

• The Jalangi is emotionally referred to by the modern Bengali poet Jibanananda Das in his poem abar asibo phire:

:"abar asibo ami banglar nodi math khet bhalobeshe :jalangir dheuey bheja banglar e shobuj korun dangaey" ::(When again I come, smitten by Bengal's rivers and fields, to this

• Lyricist Sagar Chattapadhyaya and folk singer Bablu Halder's song is well known regarding the Jalangi river. :Oo Amar Jalangi Nadi, :Tor Kolete Roilam Ami, Janamo Abodhi

Gallery

File:Jalangi river in Tehatta Ghat, Nadia 04.jpg|Jalangi river in Tehatta File:শিয়ালকাঁটা1.jpg|Beauty of Jalangi River (Pricky Poppy flowers) File:River Jalangi - Krishnanagar - Nadia 2017-08-15 2383.JPG|River Jalangi at Krishnanagar File:Jalangi River at Mayapur Nabdwip route, Nadia 11.jpg|Jalangi River near Mayapur, Nadia File:Jalangi river in Tehatta Ghat, Nadia 09.jpg|A local bridge on Jalangi river File:Jalangi River at Tehatta ghat, Nadia 02.jpg|Village boats in Jalangi River

References

References

1. Majumdar, Dr. R.C., ''History of Ancient Bengal'', First published 1971, Reprint 2005, p. 4, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata, {{ISBN. 81-89118-01-3.
2. Bandopadhyay, Dilip Kumar, ''Bharater Nadi'' (Rivers of India), 2002, {{in lang. bn, p. 68, Bharati Book Stall, 6B Ramanath Mazumdar Street, Kolkata
3. (2020-10-27). "Anthropogeomorphology of Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System in India". CRC Press.
4. (2020-10-27). "Anthropogeomorphology of Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System in India". CRC Press.
5. Das BC and Bhattacharya S (2020). The Jalangi: A Story of Killing of a Dying River. In Das et al. (2020) eds. Anthropogeomorphology of Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System in India. Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN (eBook) 9781003032373. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003032373
6. Hirst, Major F.C., Director of Surveys, Bengal and Assam, ''Report on the Nadia Rivers 1915'', first published in 1916 by the Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, reproduced in ''Rivers of Bengal'', Vol III, p.27, West Bengal District Gazetteers, Higher Education Department, Government of West Bengal, 2002.
7. Roy, Niharranjan, ''Bangalir Itihas, Adi Parba'', {{in lang. bn, first published 1972, reprint 2005, p. 84, Dey's Publishing, 13 Bankim Chatterjee Street, Kolkata, {{ISBN. 81-7079-270-3
8. (2024-10-17). "Bridge Construction Impacts the Adjacent Channel Morphology and Turbidity: A Study on a Dying Distributary of River Padma". Earth Science, Systems and Society.
9. Bandopadhyay, Dilip Kumar, p. 226
10. "Zibananada Das". Fortune City.