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Isotopically pure diamond

An isotopically pure diamond is a type of diamond that is composed entirely of one isotope of carbon. Isotopically pure diamonds have been manufactured from either the more common carbon isotope with mass number 12 (abbreviated as 12C) or the less common 13C isotope. Compared to natural diamonds that are composed of a mixture of 12C and 13C isotopes, isotopically pure diamonds possess improved characteristics such as increased thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity of diamonds is at a minimum when 12C and 13C are in a ratio of 1:1 and reaches a maximum when the composition is 100% 12C or 100% 13C.

Manufacture

This starts with isotopically enriched methane (see carbon-13#Production for methods of enrichment). This can be converted through graphite to isotopically pure synthetic diamonds. Isotopically enriched diamonds have been synthesized by application of chemical vapor deposition followed by high pressure.

Types

[[Carbon-12]]

Isotopically pure (in practice depleted about 15-fold in 13C) 12C diamond has a 50% higher thermal conductivity than the already high value of 900-2000 W/(m·K) for normal diamond having the natural isotopic composition of 98.9% 12C and 1.1% 13C. This is useful for heat sinks for the semiconductor industry.

[[Carbon-13]]

Isotopically pure 13C diamond layers 20 micrometers thick are used as stress sensors due to the advantageous Raman spectroscopy properties of 13C.

References

References

  1. Anthony TR, Banholzer. (April 1992). "Properties of diamond with varying isotopic composition". Diamond and Related Materials.
  2. (November 1996). "Graphite rod precursors for isotopically pure fullerenes and diamond". Carbon.
  3. (February 1991). "On the thermal conductivity of diamond under changes to its isotopic character". Z. Phys. B.
  4. (June 2004). "Isotopically pure 13C layer as a stress sensor in a diamond anvil cell". Appl. Phys. Lett..
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