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Isotopes of phosphorus

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Summary

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Although phosphorus (15P) has 22 known isotopes from 26P to 47P; only 31P is stable, thus phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 33P with a half-life of 25.35 days and 32P with a half-life of 14.269 days. All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second.

List of isotopes

Phosphorus-24

|-id=Phosphorus-26 | β+ (62.9%)

26Si
β+, p (35.1%)
25Al
-
β+, 2p (1.99%)
24Mg
-id=Phosphorus-26m
115(8) ns
IT
26P
(1+)

| |-id=Phosphorus-27 | β+ (99.93%)

27Si
β+, p (0.07%)
26Al
-id=Phosphorus-28
β+
28Si
-
β+, p (.0013%)
27Al
-
β+, α (8.6×10−4%)
24Mg
-id=Phosphorus-29
29P
28.98180037(39)
4.102(4) s
β+
29Si
1/2+

| |-id=Phosphorus-30 | 30P | 29.978313490(69) | 2.5000(17) min | β+ | 30Si | 1+ | |-id=Phosphorus-31 | 31P | 30.97376199768(80) | 1/2+

1.0000
32P
31.973907643(42)
14.269(7) d
β−
32S
1+
Trace
-
33P
32.9717257(12)
25.35(11) d
β−
33S
1/2+

| |-id=Phosphorus-34 | 34P | 33.97364589(87) | 12.43(10) s | β− | 34S | 1+ | |-id=Phosphorus-35 | 35P | 34.9733140(20) | 47.3(8) s | β− | 35S | 1/2+ | |-id=Phosphorus-36 | β−

36S
β−, n?
35S
-id=Phosphorus-37
β−
37S
-
β−, n?
36S
-id=Phosphorus-38
β− (88%)
38S
-
β−, n (12%)
37S
-id=Phosphorus-39
β− (74%)
39S
-
β−, n (26%)
38S
-id=Phosphorus-40
β− (84.2%)
40S
-
β−, n (15.8%)
39S
-
β−, 2n?
38S
-id=Phosphorus-41
β− (70%)
41S
-
β−, n (30%)
40S
-
β−, 2n?
39S
-id=Phosphorus-42
β− (50%)
42S
-
β−, n (50%)
41S
-
β−, 2n?
40S
-id=Phosphorus-43
β−, n
42S
-
β−, 2n ?
41S
-id=Phosphorus-44
β−, n (55%)
43S
-
β− (24%)
44S
-
β−, 2n (21%)
42S
-id=Phosphorus-45
β−, n (79%)
44S
-
β−, 2n (21%)
43S
-id=Phosphorus-46
[200 ns]
β−?
46S
-
β−, n?
45S
-
β−, 2n?
44S
-id=Phosphorus-47
[400 ns]
β−
47S
-
β−, n?
46S
-
β−, 2n?
45S

Radioactive isotopes

Phosphorus-32

Main article: Phosphorus-32}}³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. ³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by ³²P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.{{Cite web

Phosphorus-33

33P is an artificial radioactive element produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of 31P (stable). It is a pure β-emitter, like 32P, and can be used as an alternative to it in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its smaller decay energy make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, 33P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.

References

(1 December 2025). "Precision Mass Measurement of 26 P and 27 S and Their Impact on the 26 P( p , γ ) 27 S Reaction in Stellar X-Ray Bursts". The Astrophysical Journal.
(2022). "Crossing ''N'' {{=}} 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters.
"Phosphorus-32".
"Phosphorus 33 (P-33)".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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