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Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1295 onwards

Summary

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1295 onwards

Field	Value
name	Ipswich
parliament	uk
image
caption	Interactive map of boundaries since 2010
image2	[[File:East of England - Ipswich constituency.svg	215px	alt=Map of constituency]]
caption2	Boundary within the East of England
year	1295
type	Borough
electorate	75,117 (2023)
mp	Jack Abbott
party	Labour Party
region	England
county	Suffolk
towns	Ipswich
elects_howmany	One

Ipswich () is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since July 2024 by Jack Abbott of the Labour Party.

History

The constituency was created as Parliamentary Borough in the fourteenth century, returning two MPs to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and from 1801 to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The constituency's parliamentary representation was reduced to a single seat with one MP under the Representation of the People Act 1918. Prior to the 1983 general election, when north-western areas were transferred to the Central Suffolk constituency, the Parliamentary and Municipal/County Boroughs were the same

Before the Reform Act 1832, the franchise in Ipswich was in the hands of the Ipswich Corporation and the Freemen. Ipswich was seen as a partisan seat with active Blue (Tory inclined) and Yellow (Whig inclined) factions dominating elections for both Parliament and the corporation and comparatively rare split tickets of one Whig and one Tory being returned to Parliament, although the identification of the local parties with national parties could at times be very blurred. In the mid eighteenth century the constituency had an electorate of around 700, which was a middle sized borough by the standards of the time – and a reputation of a borough that was likely to offer stiff opposition to government favoured candidates.

Ipswich is a marginal seat, having changed hands eleven times since its creation as a single-member constituency in 1918. It has generally been favourable to Labour Party candidates, who succeeded at every postwar general election since the end of World War II except 1970, February 1974, 1987, 2010, 2015 and 2019. It was traditionally won by either party by fairly small margins; however, from 1997 until being gained by the Conservative Party in 2010, Labour won the contests with safer margins, and after the Conservatives increased their majority in 2015, Labour regained the seat in 2017 only to lose it again in 2019 when the Conservative candidate got more than half the votes cast when there were more than two candidates for the first time since 1918. This was turned around in 2024 when Labour won the seat once again with a healthy majority of 16.8%

Ipswich was the only seat won by a Labour candidate at the 2017 general election from a total of seven seats in Suffolk, the others being retained by Conservatives and more rural in comparison to Ipswich. Martin's 2017 election victory was one of thirty net gains made by the Labour Party.

Constituency profile

The constituency includes Ipswich town centre and docks, with its mix of historic buildings and modern developments. Ipswich is a bustling town that serves as a centre for the rest of Suffolk which is predominantly rural and remote, and has the only serious concentration of Labour voters in the county, other than in Lowestoft.

Portman Road Football Ground to the West of the centre, and the new university to the East are both in the seat, as is the vast Chantry council estate to the South.

Ipswich's Conservative-leaning suburbs, such as Castle Hill, Westerfield and Kesgrave, extend beyond the constituency's boundaries – the northernmost wards are in the Suffolk Central constituency, and several strong Conservative areas are just outside the borough's tightly drawn limits, making Ipswich a target seat for Labour.

Boundaries

The present-day constituency consists of most of the Borough of Ipswich, with the exception of the Castle Hill, Whitehouse and Whitton wards.

1918–1983: The County Borough of Ipswich.

1983–2010: The Borough of Ipswich wards of Bixley, Bridge, Chantry, Gainsborough, Priory Heath, Rushmere, St Clement's, St John's, St Margaret's, Sprites, Stoke Park, and Town.

2010–present: The Borough of Ipswich wards of Alexandra, Bixley, Bridge, Gainsborough, Gipping, Holywells, Priory Heath, Rushmere, St John's, St Margaret's, Sprites, Stoke Park, and Westgate. :Following a revision of the Borough of Ipswich wards, the constituency gained a small area from Central Suffolk and North Ipswich.

The 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies left the boundaries unchanged.

Members of Parliament

Freemen belonging to the Ipswich Corporation were entitled to elect two burgesses to the Parliament of England from the fourteenth century which continued uninterrupted after the parliament united with Scotland and Ireland, only becoming a single member constituency in 1918.

MPs 1386–1660

Parliament	First member	Second member
1380	William Master	?
1385	William Master	?
1386	Geoffrey Starling	1386	title=Ipswich	url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/constituencies/ipswich	access-date=24 November 2022}}
1388 (Feb)	Geoffrey Starling	Robert Waleys
1388 (Sep)	John Arnold	Robert Waleys
1390 (Jan)	Geoffrey Starling	Robert Hethe
1390 (Nov)
1391	Geoffrey Starling	Robert Andrew
1393	?Geoffrey Starling	?Robert Andrew
1394	John Arnold	Henry Wall
1395	Geoffrey Starling	William Master
1397 (Jan)	John Arnold	John Bernard
1397 (Sep)	William Debenham	John Bernard
1399	John Arnold	John Lewe
1401
1402	Richard Church	John Starling
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406	Robert Lucas	John Starling
1407	John Felbrigg	John Bernard
1410	John Rous	James Andrew
1411	John Bernard	John Starling
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)	James Andrew	John Starling
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov)	William Debenham I	John Rous
1415
1416 (Mar)
1416 (Oct)
1417	William Debenham II	James Andrew
1419	William Debenham II	James Andrew
1420	John Knepping	John Wood
1421 (May)	William Debenham II	James Andrew
1421 (Dec)	Thomas Kempstone II	William Weatherfeld
1449	last1=John	first1=Blatchly	title=A Famous Antient Seed-plot of Learning: A History of Ipswich School	date=2003	publisher=Ipswich School	location=Ipswich	isbn=0-9544915-0-5}}
1455	Sir Gilbert Debenham
1460-1462	Richard Felaw
1510	Thomas Hall	William Spencer
1512	Thomas Baldry	Edmund Daundy
1515	Thomas Baldry	Edmund Daundy
1523	Humphrey Wingfield	Thomas Rush
1529	Thomas Rush	Thomas Hayward, *died
and replaced Nov 1534 by* Thomas Alvard (1493-1535)
1536	?
1539	Robert Daundy	William Sabine
1542	Ralph Goodwin	John Sparrow
1545	William Reynball	Richard Smart
1547	John Gosnold	John Smith alias Dyer
1553 (Mar)	John Smith alias Dyer	Richard Bryde alias Byrde
1553 (Oct)	John Gosnold	John Sulyard
1554 (Apr)	Clement Heigham	Thomas Poley
1554 (Nov)	Ralph Goodwin	John Smith alias Dyer
1555	John Sulyard	Richard Smart
1558	William Wheatcroft, *
repl. Nov 1558 by* Edmund Withypoll	Philip Williams
1558/9	Thomas Seckford I	Robert Barker
1562/3	Thomas Seckford I	Edward Grimston
1571	Edward Grimston	John More
1572	Thomas Seckford I	Edward Grimston
1584 (Nov)	Sir John Heigham	John Barker
1586 (Oct)	John Barker	John Laney
1588 (Oct)	John Barker	William Smarte
1593	Robert Barker	Zachariah Lok
1597 (Oct)	Michael Stanhope	Francis Bacon
1601 (Oct)	Michael Stanhope	Francis Bacon
1604	Sir Henry Glenham	1604	author=John P Ferris	title=Ipswich	url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/constituencies/ipswich	access-date=24 November 2022}}
1614	Robert Snelling	William Cage
1621	Robert Snelling	William Cage
1624	Sir Robert Snelling	William Cage
1625	Sir Robert Snelling	William Cage
1628	William Cage	Edmund Day
1629–1640	No Parliaments convened
1640 (Apr)	John Gurdon	William Cage
1640 (Nov)	John Gurdon	William Cage
1645	John Gurdon	Francis Bacon
1648	John Gurdon	Francis Bacon
1653	Not represented in Barebones Parliament
1654	Nathaniel Bacon	Francis Bacon
1656	Nathaniel Bacon	Francis Bacon
1659	Nathaniel Bacon	Francis Bacon

MPs 1660–1832

Election	First member	First party	Second member	Second party
Apr 1660		Nathaniel Bacon
Oct 1660		Sir Frederick Cornwallis, Bt
Apr 1661		John Sicklemore
Nov 1670		John Wright
Jan 1674		Gilbert Lindfield
Dec 1680	Tories (British political party)}}"		Sir John Barker, Bt	Tory
Mar 1685	Tories (British political party)}}"		Sir Nicholas Bacon	Tory
Jan 1689	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Sir Peyton Ventris	Whig
May 1689	Tories (British political party)}}"		Sir Charles Blois, Bt	Tory
Oct 1695	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Charles Whitaker	Whig
Nov 1696	Tories (British political party)}}"		Richard Phillips	Tory
Jul 1698	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Sir Samuel Barnardiston, Bt	Whig
Jan 1701	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Joseph Martin	Whig	Tories (British political party)}}"
Dec 1701	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Charles Whitaker	Whig	Tories (British political party)}}"
Jul 1702	Tories (British political party)}}"		John Bence	Tory
May 1705	Tories (British political party)}}"		Henry Poley	Tory
Nov 1707	Whigs (British political party)}}"		William Churchill	Whig
May 1708	Tories (British political party)}}"		Sir William Barker, Bt	Tory
Sep 1713	Whigs (British political party)}}"		William Thompson	Whig
Apr 1714	Tories (British political party)}}"		Richard Richardson	Tory	Tories (British political party)}}"
Jan 1715	Whigs (British political party)}}"		William Thompson	Whig	Whigs (British political party)}}"
Dec 1717	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Francis Negus	Whig
Jan 1730	Tories (British political party)}}"		Philip Broke	Tory
Jan 1733	Whigs (British political party)}}"		William Wollaston	Whig
Apr 1734	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Samuel Kent	Whig
May 1741	Tories (British political party)}}"		Edward Vernon	Tory
Dec 1757	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Thomas Staunton	Whig
Nov 1759	Whigs (British political party)}}"		George Montgomerie	Whig
Mar 1761	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Francis Vernon	Whig
Mar 1768	Whigs (British political party)}}"		William Wollaston	Whig	Whigs (British political party)}}"
Apr 1784	Tories (British political party)}}"		William Middleton	Tory	Whigs (British political party)}}"
Jun 1784	Tories (British political party)}}"		Charles Crickitt	Tory
Jun 1790	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Sir John D'Oyly	Whig
May 1796	Tories (British political party)}}"		Sir Andrew Hamond	Tory
Feb 1803		William Middleton
Oct 1806	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Richard Wilson	Whig	Whigs (British political party)}}"
May 1807	Tories (British political party)}}"		Sir Home Riggs Popham	Tory	Tories (British political party)}}"
Oct 1812	Tories (British political party)}}"		John Round	Tory
Jul 1818	Tories (British political party)}}"		William Newton	Tory
Apr 1820	Whigs (British political party)}}"		William Haldimand	Whig	Whigs (British political party)}}"
Jun 1826	Whigs (British political party)}}"		Robert Torrens	Whig
Feb 1827	Tories (British political party)}}"		Robert Dundas	Tory	Tories (British political party)}}"
May 1831	Whigs (British political party)}}"		James Morrison	Whig	Whigs (British political party)}}"

MPs 1832–1918

Election	First member	Second member	Second party
1832	Whigs (British political party)}}"	James Morrison	Whig	Whigs (British political party)}}"
1835	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	Fitzroy Kelly	Conservative	Conservative Party (UK)}}"
June 1835	Whigs (British political party)}}"	James Morrison	Whig	Whigs (British political party)}}"
1837	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	Thomas Milner Gibson	Conservative	Whigs (British political party)}}"
Feb. 1838	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	Fitzroy Kelly	Conservative
July 1839	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	Sir Thomas John Cochrane	Conservative
1841	Whigs (British political party)}}"	Rigby Wason	Whig	Whigs (British political party)}}"
June 1842	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	John Cuffe	Conservative	Conservative Party (UK)}}"
August 1842	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	John Neilson Gladstone	Conservative	Conservative Party (UK)}}"
1847	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	John Cobbold	Conservative	Whigs (British political party)}}"
1859	Liberal Party (UK)}}"	Liberal
1868	Liberal Party (UK)}}"	Henry Wyndham West	Liberal
1874	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	John Cobbold	Conservative	Conservative Party (UK)}}"
1876	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	Thomas Cobbold	Conservative
1880	Liberal Party (UK)}}"	Jesse Collings	Liberal
December 1883	Liberal Party (UK)}}"	Henry Wyndham West	Liberal
April 1886	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	Sir Charles Dalrymple, Bt	Conservative	Conservative Party (UK)}}"
1895	Liberal Party (UK)}}"	Sir Daniel Ford Goddard	Liberal
1906	Liberal Party (UK)}}"	Felix Cobbold	Liberal
January 1910	Liberal Party (UK)}}"	Silvester Horne	Liberal
May 1914	Conservative Party (UK)}}"	John Ganzoni	Conservative

During the period between 1835 and 1842 there were five elections and all were found to have been corrupt. After the 1835 election, Dundas and Kelly were unseated on the charge of bribery. After the 1837 election, Tufnell was unseated on a scrutiny. Gibson, who was elected in 1838, resigned. Cochrane was elected in 1839, after which a petition was presented complaining of gross bribery – it was not progressed because a general election was expected. After the 1841 election, Wason and Rennie were unseated, being declared guilty of bribery by their agents.

MPs 1918–present

Election	Party
Coalition Conservative}}"	1918	John Ganzoni
Conservative Party (UK)}}"	1922	Conservative
Labour Party (UK)}}"	1923	Robert Jackson
Conservative Party (UK)}}"	1924	Sir John Ganzoni, Bt
Labour Party (UK)}}"	1938 by-election	Richard Stokes
Labour Party (UK)}}"	1957 by-election	Dingle Foot
Conservative Party (UK)}}"	1970	Ernle Money
Labour Party (UK)}}"	October 1974	Kenneth Weetch
Conservative Party (UK)}}"	1987	Michael Irvine
Labour Party (UK)}}"	1992	Jamie Cann
Labour Party (UK)}}"	2001 by-election	Chris Mole
Conservative Party (UK)}}"	2010	Ben Gummer
Labour Party (UK)}}"	2017	Sandy Martin
Conservative Party (UK)}}"	2019	Tom Hunt
Labour Party (UK)}}"	2024	Jack Abbott

Elections

Elections in the 2020s

Elections in the 2010s

Elections in the 2000s

Following the death of Jamie Cann on 15 October 2001, a by-election was held on 22 November 2001.

Elections in the 1990s

Elections in the 1980s

Elections in the 1970s

Elections in the 1960s

Elections in the 1950s

Election in the 1940s

Elections in the 1930s

Elections in the 1920s

|reg. electors = 54,474 |reg. electors = 40,379 |reg. electors = 39,606 |reg. electors = 38,924

Elections in the 1910s

|reg. electors = 37,348

Change of vote share and swing calculated from the December 1910 party ticket vote.

General election 1914/15:

Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

Unionist: John Ganzoni
Liberal: Daniel Ford Goddard
Independent Labour: Robert Jackson (not supported by Labour Party HQ)

|reg. electors = 13,870

|reg. electors = 12,641

|reg. electors = 12,641

Elections in the 1900s

|reg. electors = 12,146

|reg. electors = 10,646

Elections in the 1890s

|reg. electors = 9,619

Elections in the 1880s

|reg. electors = 8,867

Caused by the 1885 election being declared void on account of bribery.

|reg. electors = 8,867

|reg. electors = 7,914

Caused by Cobbold's death.

|reg. electors = 7,406

Elections in the 1870s

|reg. electors = 7,406

Caused by Cobbold's death.

|reg. electors = 6,619

Elections in the 1860s

|reg. electors = 5,352

|reg. electors = 2,118

Elections in the 1850s

|reg. electors = 1,914

|reg. electors = 1,891

|reg. electors = 1,838

Elections in the 1840s

|reg. electors = 1,714

|reg. electors = 1,704

Caused by the earlier by-election being declared void on petition, due to bribery by Cuffe's and Gladstone's agents, on 30 July 1842.

|reg. electors = 1,619

Caused by the general election result being declared void on petition, due to bribery by Wason's and Rennie's agents, on 25 April 1842

|reg. electors = 1,587

Elections in the 1830s

|reg. electors = 1,418

Caused by Gibson's defection to the Whigs.

|reg. electors = 1,418

Tufnell was later unseated on petition, and Kelly was returned in his place

|reg. electors = 1,209

Caused by the 1835 election being declared void on petition

|reg. electors = 1,209

|reg. electors = 1,219

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1820s

|reg. electors =

After a successful electoral petition, Dundas and Mackinnon were declared elected.

|reg. electors =

Figures are shown pre and post scrutiny. After a successful electoral petition, Haldimand and Barrett-Lennard were declared elected.

Elections in the 1810s

|reg. electors =

Figures are shown pre and post scrutiny.

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1800s

|reg. electors =

Caused by the death of Charles Crickitt

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1790s

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1780s

|reg. electors =

By election called after the election of John Cator was declared void

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1770s

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1760s

|reg. electors =

Called when Vernon became a Commissioner for Trade and Plantations

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1750s

|reg. electors =

Called on the death of Samuel Kent

|reg. electors =

Called on the death of Edward Vernon

|reg. electors =

Unusually the Yellows supported in Edward Vernon an identifiable Tory and critic of the Whig government. The Blues meanwhile supported Samuel Kent and Richard Lloyd, both supporters of the Whig government. Although Lloyd would later withdraw before that point it had proved an expensive contest for Vernon.

Elections in the 1740s

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1730s

|reg. electors =

Called on death of Francis Negus

|reg. electors =

Called on William Thompson becoming a judge

Elections in the 1720s

|reg. electors =

By-election called on William Thompson being made a Baron of the Exchequer

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1710s

|reg. electors =

By-election called on William Churchill winning a government contract for stationery and resigning his seat as an office of profit to the crown. Instead of seeking re-election he stood in favour of his son in law Francis Negus.

|reg. electors =

By-election called on William Thompson becoming Solicitor General

|reg. electors =

Successfully overturned through an electoral petition and Richardson and Bridgeman installed as MPs.

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1700s

|reg. electors =

Called on the death of Henry Poley

Elections in the 1690s

|reg. electors =

Elections in the 1680s

|reg. electors =

Caused by Peyton Ventris becoming a Justice of the Common Pleas

|reg. electors =

Notes

References

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(31 July 1847). "The Elections". Norfolk Chronicle.
(8 August 1842). "IPSWICH ELECTION WRIT.". [[Hansard.
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(9 June 2017). "Election 2017: Ipswich". BBC News.
"Election Data 2015". [[Electoral Calculus]].
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"Election Data 2001". [[Electoral Calculus]].
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"Election Data 1983". [[Electoral Calculus]].
Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. {{ISBN. 0-900178-06-X.
Craig, F. W. S., British parliamentary election results 1885–1918
Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
(1974). "British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885–1918". Macmillan Press.
(2 July 1886). "The General Election". [[Manchester Courier.
(10 May 1886). "Three Months for Receiving an Election Bribe". [[Evening Telegraph (Dundee).
(16 May 1884). "Adoption of Mr. E. M. Ind As A Candidate for Ipswich". [[Essex Chronicle.
(1977). "British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885". Macmillan Press.
(15 November 1864). "Ipswich". Bury and Norwich Post.
(5 May 1859). "Ipswich". Suffolk and Essex Free Press.
(21 March 1857). "Ipswich". Cheltenham Mercury.
(9 July 1852). "Ipswich". Essex Standard.
(29 July 1837). "General Elections". Berkshire Chronicle.
(21 March 1848). "Domestic Intelligence". Dundee, Perth, and Cupar Advertiser.
(10 July 1852). "Ipswich". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette.
(10 July 1852). "The General Election". Norfolk Chronicle.
(6 August 1842). "Miscellaneous News". Cambridge Independent Press.
(4 June 1842). "The Suffolk Chronicle; or Weekly General Advertiser & County Express".
(27 April 1842). "Election Committee". Belfast Commercial Chronicle.
[[John Brooke (British historian). "Ipswich".
Sir [[Lewis Namier]]. "VERNON, Edward (1684–1757), of Nacton, nr. Ipswich, Suff.".
[[Romney R. Sedgwick. "Ipswich".
"''Churchill, William (c.1657–1737), of Dallinghoo, Suff.''". History of Parliament Online (1715–1754).
Paula Watson. "Ipswich".

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