International Organization of Legal Metrology

Definition of "legal metrology"

The definition of "legal metrology" varies amongst jurisdictions, reflecting the extent to which metrology is bound into the jurisdiction's own legal and regulatory code. The OIML, in their publication International Vocabulary of Terms in Legal Metrology defined "legal metrology" as{{cite book |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130528013652/http://www.oiml.org/publications/V/V001-ef00.pdf |archive-date = 2013-05-28

In the glossary of their book Metrology - in short Howarth and Redgrave state that "legal metrology"

These two statements are held together by the words "regulatory", "accuracy" and "reliability". The word "regulatory" encompasses the "legal" aspects of the term – the role played by governments, national metrology institutes and standards organisations in creating a framework to ensure confidence in the accuracy and reliability of a measurement. This framework requires that the specified test and conformance operations are carried out, and that the certificates pertaining to these operations are filed in a manner that enables third parties to assess them should the need arise.

The OIML has identified four main activities that fulfil the purposes of legal metrology:{{cite web |access-date=3 February 2013}}

• Setting up of legal requirements,
• Control/conformity assessment of regulated products and regulated activities,
• Supervision of regulated products and of regulated activities,
• Providing the necessary infrastructure for correct measurements.

History

The International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML), an intergovernmental organisation, was established under a diplomatic treaty signed in Paris on 12 October 1955 to promote the global harmonisation of legal metrology procedures that underpin and facilitate international trade.{{cite journal |access-date = 4 February 2013 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090703155256/http://www.oiml.org/publications/B/B001-e55.pdf |archive-date = 3 July 2009 |access-date = 5 February 2013 |archive-date = 26 November 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121126110504/http://www.french-metrology.com/en/international-activities/organisations/oiml.asp |url-status = dead

The Convention that set up the OIML listed eight objectives behind its establishment. At the 2011 meeting in Prague of the International Committee of Legal Metrology (CIML), the OIML updated its mission to read:{{cite journal |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161202233613/https://www.oiml.org/en/files/pdf_b/b015-e11.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2 December 2016 |access-date = 6 February 2013

At the same meeting, its objectives were then stated as follows:

1. "To develop, in cooperation with our stakeholders, standards and related documents for use by legal metrology authorities and industry that when implemented will achieve the mission of the OIML".
2. "To provide mutual recognition systems which reduce trade barriers and costs in a global market".
3. "To represent the interests of the legal metrology community within international organisations and forums concerned with metrology, standardisation, testing, certification and accreditation".
4. "To promote and facilitate the exchange of knowledge and competencies within the legal metrology community worldwide".
5. "In co-operation with other metrology bodies, to raise awareness of the contribution that a sound legal metrology infrastructure can make to a modern economy".
6. "To identify areas for the OIML to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its work".

Structure

The OIML, which has an annual operating budget of about two million euros that comes from Member subscriptions{{cite conference |access-date = 4 February 2013}}Subscriptions currently range from €1 400 for Corresponding Members to €112 000 for Member States that have a population of over 100 million. is organised around a three-layer model:{{cite web |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130413220209/http://www.nmi.nl/metrology/what&how_metrology/organisation_metrology/oiml |url-status = dead |archive-date = 13 April 2013 |access-date = 6 February 2013

The overall direction of the OIML is vested in the International Conference () which meets every four years. The Conference is attended by delegations from Member States and [non-voting] Corresponding Members of the Organisation.

The management of the OIML is vested in the International Committee ( - CIML). The Committee consists of one member from each Member State. These members normally have active official functions in legal metrology in their country. The Committee elects a non-salaried President for a six-year term of office from amongst its Members. The Committee meets annually under the chairmanship of its President.

Secretarial services, day-to-day running and financial management of the OIML are provided by the BIML (). The BIML is the OIML headquarters, located in the 9th Arrondissement of Paris and is headed by a salaried director who is, ex-officio, secretary to both the International Conference and the International Committee.

Senior postholders

CIML Presidents{{cite web |access-date = 2 June 2020

• 1956-1962 M. Jacob (Belgium)
• 1962-1968 J. Stulla-Götz (Austria)
• 1968-1980 A. van Male (Netherlands)
• 1980-1994 K. Birkeland (Norway)
• 1994-2003 G. Faber (Netherlands)
• 2003-2005 M. Kochsiek (Germany - Acting President )
• 2005-2011 A. Johnston (Canada)
• 2011-2017 P. Mason (United Kingdom)
• 2017-2023 R. Schwartz (Germany)
• 2023-date B. Mathew (Switzerland) BIML Directors{{cite web |access-date = 2 June 2020
• 1956-1973 M.V.D. Costamagna
• 1974-2001 B. Athané
• 2001-2010 J-F. Magaña
• 2011-2018 S. Patoray
• 2019-date A. Donnellan

Participation and membership

The OIML has two categories of membership; "Member State" and "Corresponding Member". The Member State category is for countries or economies that are prepared to finance and actively participate in the work of the OIML and which have acceded to the OIML Convention.

The Corresponding Member category is for countries or economies that want to be informed of OIML activities, but cannot, or prefer not to, be a Member State. , a total of 64 states are Member States and 63 are Corresponding Members.

Member States Albania

Algeria

Australia

Austria

Belarus

Belgium

Brazil

Bulgaria

Cambodia Canada

Colombia

China

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Egypt

Ethiopia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

India

Indonesia

Iran

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Japan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Korea

Monaco

Montenegro

Morocco

Netherlands

New Zealand

North Macedonia

Norway

Pakistan

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Saudi Arabia

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Africa

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sweden

Switzerland

Tanzania

Thailand

Tunisia

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

United States

Vietnam

Zambia

Corresponding Members

Angola

Argentina

Azerbaijan

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Benin

Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Republic of China

Costa Rica

Djibouti

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Estonia

Fiji

Gabon

Georgia (country)

Ghana

Guatemala

Guinea

Guyana

Hong Kong

Iceland

Iraq

Jordan

Kiribati

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Mali

Malta

Mauritius

Mexico

Moldova

Mongolia

Mozambique

Namibia

Nepal

Nigeria

Oman

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Qatar

Rwanda

Saint Lucia

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Sudan

Trinidad and Tobago

Uganda

United Arab Emirates

Uruguay

Uzbekistan

Work

Technical Committees

The technical work of the OIML is carried out by Technical Committees (TC), each committee having responsibility for a different aspect of legal metrology. In some cases the Technical Committee is broken up into one or more Subcommittees (SC). Within each TC or SC the actual technical work is carried out by Project Groups led by conveners. TCs, SCs and Project Groups are led by volunteer experts from OIML Member States. there are 18 Technical Committees and 46 Subcommittees. The Technical Committees are:{{cite web |access-date = 16 February 2021

• TC 1 Terminology
• TC 2 Units of measurement
• TC 3 Metrological control (5 SCs)
• TC 4 Measurement standards and calibration and verification devices
• TC 5 General requirements for measuring instruments (2 SCs)
• TC 6 Prepackaged products
• TC 7 Measuring instruments for length and associated quantities (4 SCs)
• TC 8 Measurement of quantities of fluids (5 SCs)
• TC 9 Instruments for measuring mass and density (4 SCs)
• TC 10 Instruments for measuring pressure, force and associated quantities (5 SCs)
• TC 11 Instruments for measuring temperature and associated quantities (3 SCs)
• TC 12 Instruments for measuring electrical quantities
• TC 13 Measuring instruments for acoustics and vibration
• TC 14 Measuring instruments used for optics
• TC 15 Measuring instruments for ionizing radiations (2 SCs)
• TC 16 Instruments for measuring pollutants (4 SCs)
• TC 17 Instruments for physico-chemical measurements (8 SCs)
• TC 18 Medical measuring instruments (3 SCs)

Publications

The OIML produces a number of publications, including:

Vocabularies (prefixed by the letter "V") that provide standardised terminology in the field of metrology. The OIML has produced two principal works:

• International Vocabulary of Terms in Legal Metrology (VIML) which defines the terms used in legal metrology. The first edition of this work (1978) was the joint effort of seven international organisations - BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP and the OIML.
• Alphabetical list of terms defined in OIML Recommendations and Documents which defines the technical terms used in the various OIML Recommendations.

In addition, the OIML was a partner in the JCGMThe Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM) has eight members: BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, ILAC and the OIML. which produced the International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM), a document published by the BIPM on behalf of the JCGM

Recommendations (prefixed by the letter "R") which are model regulations that establish the metrological characteristics required of certain measuring instruments and which specify methods and equipment for checking their conformity. Most of the Recommendations have a similar structure. The four main topics covered in the reports are metrological requirements, technical requirements, methods and equipment for testing and verifying conformity to requirements and test report format.{{cite book |access-date = 2 June 2020

International Documents (prefixed by the letter "D"), which are informative in nature and intended to improve the work of the metrological services. 31 OIML Documents had been published in this series. Documents may be downloaded free of charge from the OIML website.

The OIML also published Basic Publications, Guides, Seminar Reports, Expert Reports and the OIML Bulletin.

OIML Certification System (OIML-CS)

The OIML-CS is a single Certification System comprising two Schemes: Scheme A and Scheme B. It was launched on 1 January 2018, replacing the OIML Basic Certificate System and the OIML Mutual Acceptance Arrangement (MAA).

The aim of the OIML-CS is to facilitate, accelerate and harmonise the work of national and regional bodies that are responsible for type evaluation and approval of measuring instruments subject to legal metrological control.

The objectives of the OIML-CS are

a) to promote the global harmonisation, uniform interpretation and implementation of legal metrological requirements for measuring instruments and/or modules,

b) to avoid unnecessary re-testing when obtaining national type evaluations and approvals, and to support the recognition of measuring instruments and/or modules under legal metrological control, while achieving and maintaining confidence in the results in support of facilitating the global trade of individual instruments, and

c) to establish rules and procedures for fostering mutual confidence among participating OIML Member States and Corresponding Members in the results of type evaluations that indicate conformity of measuring instruments and/or modules, under legal metrological control, to the metrological and technical requirements established in the applicable OIML Recommendation(s).

There are three categories of participants:

• OIML Issuing Authorities are participants from Member States that issue OIML type evaluation reports and OIML Certificates under the OIML-CS.
• Utilizers are participants from OML Member States that accept and utilise OIML Certificates and/or OIML type evaluation reports issued by OIML Issuing Authorities.
• Associates are participants from Corresponding Members that accept and utilise OIML Certificates and/or OIML type evaluation reports issued by OIML Issuing Authorities. Associates do not have voting rights in the Management Committee.

The requirements for the participation of OIML Issuing Authorities and their associated Test Laboratories in Scheme A or Scheme B are the same, but the method of demonstrating compliance is different. OIML Issuing Authorities are required to demonstrate compliance with ISO/IEC 17065 and Test Laboratories are required to demonstrate compliance with ISO/IEC 17025. For participation in Scheme B, it is sufficient to demonstrate compliance on the basis of “self-declaration” with additional supporting evidence. However, for participation in Scheme A, compliance shall be demonstrated by peer evaluation on the basis of accreditation or peer assessment.

Relationships

The work of the OIML overlaps with the work of a number of other international organisations. In order to minimise the impact of this overlap and also to ensure that the work of the OIML and other organisations can intermesh with each other, the OIML and other organisations have exchanged memoranda of understanding (MoU) with each other. the MoU in existence were:{{cite web |access-date = 2 June 2020

• On 3 December 2008 the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the OIML signed a three-way MoU whereby each would apply their own expertise in the best way possible to ensure the better implementation of capacity building activities in standards and conformity, as well as compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures.
• An MoU was signed with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) on 10 June 1966, which was revised on 9 December 2008 whereby both organisations would cooperate via joint technical committees where applicable. A number of OIML Recommendations that were at variance with certain ISO standards were withdrawn. A process to fast-track OIML Recommendations into ISO standards was also agreed. Joint reports issued by both organisations could be downloaded from the OIML website as with any other OIML document.This has financial implications as the OIML is funded mainly by member subscriptions and ISO by the sale of standards.
• An MoU was signed with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on 13 October 2011 during the 46th CIML Meeting in Prague. Under the MoU, the two organisations agreed to keep each other informed of their activities, and where appropriate, to set up joint technical committees and issue joint recommendations. On 10 October 2018 at the 53rd CIML Meeting, held in Hamburg, Germany, a renewed MoU was signed by Mr. Frans Vreeswijk (General Secretary and CEO of the IEC) and Dr. Roman Schwartz (CIML President). On 14 November 2023 at the IEC Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, a renewed MoU between the IEC and the OIML was signed by Mr Philippe Metzger (General Secretary and CEO of the IEC) and Dr Bobjoseph Mathew (CIML President).
• An MoU was signed with the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) on 12 November 2006 whereby ILAC and OIML would cooperate in the use of the OIML Mutual Acceptance Arrangement (MAA) tool and both organisations would cooperate in the field of harmonisation of accreditation by ILAC full members and peer assessments organised by the BIML. On 28 October 2007, during the ILAC/IAF General Assembly in Sydney, the MoU was extended to include the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) whereby ILAC and the OIML would cooperate in the use of the OIML Mutual Acceptance Arrangement (MAA) tool and both organisations would cooperate in the field of harmonisation of accreditation by ILAC full members and peer assessments organised by the document Guide for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 65 to legal metrology was to be revised to bring it into line with other ISO standards, notably ISO 17021 and ISO 9001.

Notes

References

References

1. "OIML: Introduction and Structures". OIML.
2. "Practical information when visiting the BIML". OIML.
3. "OIML Membership Information". OIML.
4. "OIML Database: Members". OIML.