II Corps (Pakistan)

History

In 1967, the II Corps formation was raised and established with its initial headquarters in Multan Cantonment, Punjab in Pakistan.

The II Corps was the third formation that was established by the Pakistan Army after the war with India in 1965 as a necessity of corps formations were being earnestly felt by the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi. The military leadership at that time wanted more decentralization of the land units, therefore intermediates between divisions and the Army GHQ were to be created and it were more corps headquarters.

War services and deployments

The II Corps saw its first field service under the command of Lt-Gen. Tikka Khan in 1971 against the approaching Indian Army. Soon after its deployment, the controversy in military strategy started when the 18th Infantry Division was moved out II Corps' formation and deployed in ill-fated offensive towards the Ramgarh sector; which led to the disaster at the Battle of Longewala. The Army GHQ, working under Gen. Yahya Khan, had taken the control of the 18th Infantry Division rather than the II Corps which contributed to its failure in its mission.

The II Corps repelled a major attack mounted by the Indian Army towards the Umerkot; the 18th Infantry Division later returned to II Corps control from Ramgarh sector alongside the 33rd Infantry Division. In the final analysis of its performance in the war; while commended by many parties, would be controversial, since at no time was its most powerful formation, 1st Armored Division, committed to action.

After the 1971, the II Corps has not seen military deployment, and as akin to I Corps (specialized in Forest warfare), it is well suited for Desert warfare. The II Corps is also a Pakistan's land-based main strategic reserve, and has not seen overseas deployment under United Nations.

The II Corps supported the national lines of defense in Western Pakistan in 2009 when it provided its infantry and mechanized divisions in support of the Operation Zalzala (lit. Earthquake) against the Uzbek militants in Western Pakistan. The 14th Infantry Division eventually cleared the Uzbeks and other foreign fighters from the area, and brought back the area under the wrist of Government of Pakistan. On 26 December 2008, the 14th Infantry Division was redeployed to the II Corps to strengthened the lines of defenses of Pakistan's eastern border with India.

Structure

The II Corps is an integral in forming the Pakistan Army Reserves, and the other military units in supporting the II Corps are organized in formation known as the Army Reserves South. The II Corps' order of battle (ORBAT) is followed as:

List of corps commanders

References

References

1. (24 August 2018). "Pakistan Army makes top level transfers and postings, several Corps Commanders reshuffled".
2. (1993). "Memoirs of Lt. Gen. Gul Hassan Khan". Oxford University Press.
3. (1997). "The breaking of Pakistan". Liberty Pubsihers.
4. Brian Cloughley- A History of the Pakistan Army, {{ISBN. 0-19-579507-5 Page 205-207.
5. (1977). "The Pakistan Army (1966-71), by Maj Gen (Retd) Shaukat Riza".
6. Brian Cloughley- A History of the Pakistan Army, {{ISBN. 0-19-579507-5 Page 206.
7. Brian Cloughley- A History of the Pakistan Army, {{ISBN. 0-19-579507-5, Page 200.
8. (2011). "Strategic Reserves of Pakistan". Centre for Land Warfare Studies.
9. [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C20%5Cstory_20-5-2008_pg7_26] Daily Times Article
10. "FATA Timeline 2017".
11. "Pakistan redeploying troops to Indian border - Yahoo! News".
12. [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/ii-corps.htm Global Security]