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Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis

Field	Value
synonym	Idiopathic calcified nodules of the scrotum
specialty	dermatology

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus occurring on the scrotum. However, the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood are normal. Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis typically affects young males, with an onset between adolescence and early adulthood. The scrotal calcinosis appears, without any symptoms, as yellowish nodules that range in size from 1 mm to several centimeters.

Without known links to other lesions or systemic pre-conditions, scrotal calcinosis was considered idiopathic. It is not related to calcium phosphate imbalance or renal insufficiency. By 2010, studies supported that epidermoid cysts are believed to be caused by dystrophic calcification. This process involves subclinical inflammation, rupture, calcification, and cyst wall obliteration.

Presentation

The presentation is as follows:

Single or multiple hard, marble-like nodules of varying size affecting scrotal skin.
Nodules vary in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters.
Usually start to appear in childhood or early adult life
Over time, nodules increase in number and size
Nodules may break down and discharge chalky material
Rarely, lesions may be polypoid
Usually asymptomatic

Etiology

The cause is not well defined. Originally considered idiopathic condition. Now accepted that majority of cases develop from dystrophic calcification of cyst contents.

Diagnostic

Clinically Relevant Pathologic Features
Lesions slowly progress throughout life
- They slowly increase in number and size
Nodules are mobile and do not attach to underlying structures Pathologic Interpretation Pearls
Globular and granular purple deposits within dermis surrounded by giant cell granulomatous reaction
Sometimes remnants of cystic lesion can be identified
Very distinctive appearance with almost no histologic differential diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment may involve surgery, which is currently the only recommended intervention. Surgery should include the removal of even small nodules, to prevent the recurrence of the scrotal calcinosis.

Prognosis

The prognosis is as follows:

Benign condition
Slow progression throughout life
Lesions remain discrete and do not become confluent

Epidemiology

Incidence: uncommon
Age: children and young adults

History

Scrotal calcinosis was first described in 1883 by Lewinski.

References

(2007). "Dermatology: 2-Volume Set". Mosby.
(2006). "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology". Saunders Elsevier.
Grenader, Tal. (Aug 18, 2011). "Scrotal Calcinosis". New England Journal of Medicine.
(1970). "Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum". Archives of Dermatology.
(2010-02-15). "Scrotal calcinosis: idiopathic or dystrophic?". Dermatology Online Journal.
(2010). "Scrotal calcinosis: idiopathic or dystrophic?". Dermatol. Online J..
(April 2010). "Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis: Surgical Treatment and Histopathologic Evaluation of Etiology". Urology.
(2011). "Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis: a non-elucidated pathogenesis and its surgical treatment.". Reviews in Urology.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

skin-conditions-resulting-from-errors-in-metabolism scrotum

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