Iasos

History

Ancient historians consider Iasos a colonial foundation of Argos, but archaeology shows a much longer history. According to the ancient reports, the Argive colonists had sustained severe losses in a war with the native Carians, so they invited the son of Neleus, who had previously founded Miletus, to come to their assistance. The town appears on that occasion to have received additional settlers. The town, which appears to have occupied the whole of the little island, had only ten stadia in circumference; but it nevertheless acquired great wealth, from its fisheries and trade in fish.

Iasos was a member of the Delian League and was involved in the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC). After the Sicilian expedition of the Athenians, Iasos was attacked by the Spartans and their allies; it was governed at the time by Amorges, a Persian chief, who had revolted from Darius II. It was taken by the Spartans, who captured Amorges and delivered him up to Tissaphernes. The town itself was plundered on that occasion. It became part of the Hecatomnid satrapy in the 4th century and was conquered by Alexander. We afterwards find it besieged by Philip V, king of Macedon, who, however, was compelled by the Romans to restore it to Ptolemy V of Egypt.

The mountains in the neighbourhood of Iasus furnished a beautiful kind of marble, of a blood-red and livid white colour, which was used by the ancients for ornamental purposes. Near the town was a sanctuary of Hestia, with a statue of the goddess, which, though standing in the open air, was believed never to be touched by the rain. The same story is related, by Strabo, of a temple of Artemis in the same neighbourhood. Iasus, as a celebrated fishing place, is alluded to by Athenaeus. The place is still existing, under the name of Askem or Asýn Kalessi. Chandler (Travels in As. Min. p. 226) relates that the island on which the town was built is now united to the mainland by a small isthmus. Part of the city walls still exist, and are of a regular, solid, and handsome structure. In the side of the rock a theatre with many rows of seats still remains, and several inscriptions and coins have been found there.

It seems to have been abandoned in about the 15th–16th century, in the Ottoman period, when a small town was founded nearby named Asin Kale or Asin Kurin, in the sanjak of Menteşe within the vilayet of İzmir.

Archaeology

Preliminary research was done by the French archaeologist Charles Texier in 1835. A number of ancient Greek inscriptions were removed from the site which were later donated to the British Museum by the Duke of St Albans. Since then, Iasos and the necropolis have been under regular scientific excavations on behalf of the Italian School of Archaeology at Athens by Doro Levi (1960–1972), Clelia Laviosa (1972–1984) and Fede Berti (1984–2011). From 2011 till 2013 the Director of Iasos excavations has been Marcello Spanu .

The site of Iasos has been settled continuously since the Early Bronze Age. In early times, Iasos was influenced by the culture of the Cyclades islands.

During the 1970s, archaeological excavations at Iasus revealed Mycenean buildings (with two "Minoan" levels underneath them).

Other archaeological finds cover Geometric, Hellenistic and Roman periods, through the Byzantine period.

Outstanding remains in Iasos include an Artemis stoa and Roman villas.

Church history

Four of its bishops are known: Themistius in 421, Flacillus in 451, David in 787, and Gregory in 878 (Michel Le Quien, Oriens Christianus I:913). The see is mentioned in the Nova Tactica, 10th century (Heinrich Gelzer, Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani, nos. 340, 1464), and more recently in the Notitiae Episcopatuum.

Iasus is listed among the titular sees of Caria in the Annuario Pontificio. The titular see has had the following Bishops:

• Bishop Salvador Martinez Silva (1940.08.10 – 1969.02.07)
• Bishop Antonio Laubitz (1924.11.08 – 1939.05.17)
• Bishop Gregorio Ignazio Romero (1899.06.19 – 1915.02.21)
• Bishop John Joseph Keane (later Archbishop) (1888.08.12 – 1897.01.29)
• Bishop Gaetano d'Alessandro (later Archbishop) (1884.03.24 – 1888.03.18)
• Bishop Étienne-Louis Charbonnaux, M.E.P. (1844.07.08 – 1873.06.23)
• Bishop Ernst Maria Ferdinand von Bissingen-Nieppenburg (1801.12.23 – 1820.03.12)
• Bishop Emanuel Maria Graf Thun (1797.07.24 – 1800.08.11)
• Bishop-elect Bartolome Gascon (1727.03.17 – ?)

Notable people

• Choerilus of Iasus (4th century BC), an epic poet who accompanied Alexander the Great.

Gallery

File:Iasos 5510.jpg|Iasos Agora File:Iasos Agora frieze 5524.jpg|Iasos Agora Frieze File:Iasos Agora frieze 5526.jpg|Iasos Agora Frieze File:Iasos Agora plan 5496b.jpg|Iasos Agora Plan File:Iasos Bouleuterion 5492.jpg|Iasos Agora Bouleuterion File:Iasos Bouleuterion 5489.jpg|Iasos Agora Bouleuterion File:Iasos Basilica 5505.jpg|Iasos Agora Basilica File:Iasos Necropolis 5501.jpg|Iasos at agora Necropolis File:Iasos Zeus Megistos area 5531.jpg|Iasos at agora Zeus Megistos area File:Iasos museum 5428.jpg|Iasos museum Altars File:Iasos museum 5430.jpg|Iasos museum Altar detail File:Iasos museum 5434.jpg|Iasos museum Altar detail File:Iasos museum 5435.jpg|Iasos museum Altar File:Iasos museum 5437.jpg|Iasos museum Treaty File:Iasos museum 5449.jpg|Iasos museum Capital File:Iasos museum 5452.jpg|Iasos museum Frieze File:Iasos museum 5462.jpg|Iasos museum File:Iasos museum 5469.jpg|Iasos museum

Notes

References

• Grande Encyclopédie, s.v. Iasos 20:505.
• Fede Berti, Roberta Fabiani, Zeynep Kızıltan, Massimo Nafissi (ed.), Marmi erranti. I marmi di Iasos presso i musei archeologici di Istanbul. Gezgin Taşlar. Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri'ndeki Iasos Mermerleri. Wandering marbles. Marbles of Iasos at the Istanbul Archaeological Museums. (Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri 7.12.2010 – 4.7.2011). Istanbul: Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Müdürlüğü, 2010.

References

1. [[Thucydides]] VIII:28, [[Polybius]] XVI:12, XVII:2, [[Livy]] XXIII:30
2. [[Polybius]]. ''Historiae'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+16.12 xvi. 12].
3. [[Thucydides]]. ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War]]'', viii. 28.
4. [[Strabo]]. ''[[Geographica (Strabo). Geographia]]'', xiv.
5. Ab Urbe condita]]'', xxxii. 33; [[Ptolemy]]. ''[[Geographia (Ptolemy). Geographia]]'', v. 2; [[Pliny the Elder. Pliny]]. ''[[Natural History (Pliny)
6. [[Paul the Silentiary]]. ''Description of Hagia Sophia'', ii. 213.
7. Livy. ''The History of Rome'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+32.33.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0164].
8. Athenaeus. ''[[Deipnosophistae]]'', iii., xiii.
9. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?place=24094&plaA=24094-3-1 British Museum Collection]
10. Mitchell, S.; McNicoll, A. W. (1978–1979). "Archaeology in Western and Southern Asia Minor 1971–78". ''Archaeological Reports'' (25): 59–90.
11. ''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN. 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 911
12. Pius Bonifacius Gams, ''Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae'', Leipzig 1931, p. 448.
13. [[Michel Le Quien]], ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus'', Parigi 1740, Tomo I, coll. 913-914.
14. Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 5, p. 226; vol. 6, p. 241.
15. David M. Cheney, [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2i41.html Iasos] at catholic-hierarchy.org.
16. [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0952.htm Iasos], at GCatholic.org.
17. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:entry=choerilus-harpers&highlight=iasos%2Cchoerilus Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Choerilus]