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Huai River

River in Central China

Summary

River in Central China

Field	Value
name	Huai River
native_name	淮河
name_other	Huai He
image	201806 Bengbu and Huai River.jpg
image_size	280px
image_caption	Huai River in the city of Bengbu, Anhui.
map	Huairivermap.jpg
map_size	280px
map_caption	Map of the Huai River and its major tributaries.
mapframe	yes
mapframe-zoom	5
subdivision_type1	Country
subdivision_name1	China
subdivision_type2	Provinces
subdivision_name2	Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu
subdivision_type3	Cities
subdivision_name3	Xinyang, Fuyang, Lu'an, Huainan, Bengbu, Tianchang, Huai'an, Yangzhou
length	1110 km
discharge1_avg	1616 m3/s{{cite web
url	http://china.org.cn/english/eng-shuzi2003/gq/dili5.htm
title	Main Rivers
work	National Conditions
publisher	China.org.cn
access-date	July 27, 2010
archive-url	https://web.archive.org/web/20120313150329/http://china.org.cn/english/eng-shuzi2003/gq/dili5.htm
archive-date	March 13, 2012
url-status	live
source1	Tongbai Mountain
source1_location	Nanyang, Henan
source1_coordinates
source1_elevation	1029 m
mouth	Yangtze
mouth_location	Yangzhou, Jiangsu
mouth_coordinates
mouth_elevation	0 m
progression	Yangtze → East China Sea
basin_size	174000 km2

The Huai River, formerly romanized as the Hwai, is a major river in East China, about 1110 km long with a drainage area of 174000 km2. It is located about midway between the Yellow River and Yangtze River, the two longest rivers and largest drainage basins in China. Historically draining eastwards directly into the Yellow Sea, erosion from floods have changed the course of the river such that it now primarily discharges into the Yangtze. The Huai River is, to this day, notoriously vulnerable to flooding.

The Qinling–Huaihe Line, formed by the Huai River and the Qin Mountains, is sometimes regarded as the geographical dividing line between northern and southern China. This line approximates the 0 °C January isotherm and the 800 mm isohyet in China.

Course

The Huai River originates in Tongbai Mountain in Henan province. It flows through southern Henan, northern Anhui, and northern Jiangsu where it pools into Lake Hongze. Nowadays the Huai River then runs southwards as the Sanhe River by way of the Gaoyou Lake and Shaobo Lake, emptying into the Yangtze River at Sanjiangying (三江营) near Yangzhou.

There is also a passage called the Huaihe Sea Entryway and Subei Irrigation Canal that passes Huai'an and empties into the sea at Biandan Port. A separate course runs north by way of the Huaimu River and Huai Shu River and connects the Huai River system with the Xinyi River (part of the Yishusi River system) which exits into the sea at Guanyun in Lianyungang.

In part to circumvent flooding, in Jiangsu province the Huai River system is interconnected with different waterways and thereby forms part of the Grand Canal.

History

Pictorial map showing the Huai Basin between the Yangtze (top) and Yellow (bottom) rivers, 1736.

Historically, the Huai River entered the Yellow Sea at Yunti Pass (modern day Yunti Village, in Huangwei Town of Xiangshui County) through a broad and level lower course. It was long used to irrigate the surrounding farmlands, and was the center of an extensive network of canals and tributaries.

The result of these changes was that water from the Huai River pooled up into Lake Hongze, and then ran southwards towards the Yangtze River. Major and minor floods occurred frequently, with the area suffering droughts in between floods. In the 450 years to 1950, the Huai River saw, on average, 94 major floods per century.

Attempts to solve the Huai River's problems have focused on building outlets for the Huai River into the Yangtze River and the sea. Currently, the major part of the river's flow enters the Yangtze River via Lake Hongze. The North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal also diverts some of its water along its old historical course to the sea, and is planned to be upgraded with a new parallel channel. Several former tributaries also carry some water to the sea.

Tributaries

There are many tributaries of the Huai River. There are 15 main tributaries cover an area of more than 2000 km2 each, and 21 main tributaries have a catchment area larger than 1000 km2.

The main tributaries on the Huai River (listed from upstream to downstream) are as follows:

North bank	South bank
Hong River (洪河)	You River (游河)
Ying River (潁河)	Shi River (浉河 [河流])
Xi Fei River (西淝河)	Zhu Gan River (竹竿河)
Guo River (涡河)	Zhai River (寨河)
Xin Bian River (新汴河)	Huang River (潢河)
Kui Sui River (奎濉河)	Bai Lu River (白露河)
	Shiguan River (史灌河)
	Pi He River (…)
	Dong Fei River (东淝河)
	Chi River (池河 [淮河])

References

(2014). "Huai River".
(2004). "The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China". Yale University Press.
Ma, Zhong. "Evaluation of the Implementation of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plans in China - The Case of Huai River Basin". School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China.
. ["淮河"](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E6%B2%B3).

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

huai-river rivers-of-jiangsu rivers-of-henan rivers-of-anhui tributaries-of-the-yangtze-river

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