Hose's palm civet

Characteristics

The upperparts (from nose to tail tip, including outer surfaces of the four limbs) are dark brown to blackish brown and the underparts (from the chin to the tip of the tail and the inner surface of all four limbs) are white or slightly brownish white.

The Hose's civet has a head-body length of 472 –, a tail of 298 –, a hind foot length of 74 – and an ear length of 36 –; it is estimated to weigh about 1.4 – and has 40 teeth.

Distribution and habitat

Hose's civet has been recorded in a few localities in Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysian Borneo, and in Brunei. It has been recorded in Kalimantan at an elevation of 325 m.

Very few field sightings of the species were mainly in lower montane forest and mature mixed dipterocarp forest.

A few recent sightings exist, including a capture in Brunei (which was subsequently released) Another camera trap picture taken in Kalimantan may represent this species, but has been the subject of controversy.{{cite journal

The highest encounter rate of the species so far has been in the Sela'an-Linau Forest Management Unit (FMU), a logging concession in the Upper Baram, Sarawak, where fourteen images of the Hose's civet were obtained between 2004 and 2005 from four different sites in the concession.

The few records of Hose's civet from across its range have been mainly from montane forest sites, giving rise to the assumption that it is a montane species. However, it has been recorded at an altitude of only 450 m in Brunei and 600 m in Batu Song, Sarawak; an individual was imaged in a camera trap in the lowland forest of Mount Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, also at an altitude of 600 m, and one of the 14 images from the Sela'an-Linau FMU was from an altitude of 730 m.

It is possible that the preferred habitat of Hose's civet is highly humid, such as mossy forests, near mossy boulders and streams.

Ecology and behaviour

The Hose's civet is both crepuscular and nocturnal by nature and is thought to be of a more ground-dwelling nature than other viverrids. It is thought to make dens in holes between rocks and/or tree roots.

Diet

Little is known about the diet of Hose's civet in the wild, though it is thought to forage on small fish, shrimps, crabs, frogs and insects among mossy boulders and streams. The sole individual ever in captivity ate only meat and fish and not fruit, the preferred diet of all other viverrids in Borneo.

Threats

Habitat loss and degradation have been assumed to be major threats to this species. Hose's civet may be intolerant to disturbance caused by logging, though whether it is able to persist and/or disperse through forest fragmented by slash and burn fields and logging roads is still unknown. Hunting could increasingly be a threat to the species as population numbers and trends are completely unknown. It is possible that the species could qualify for a higher threat category once more information is available on its ecology and threats. It is considered urgent to promote and conduct further research on this species.

Conservation

Currently, the basic factors likely to determine the long-term future of the Hose's civet, such as population densities, degree of dependency on old-growth forest, ranging and dispersal patterns and others, are entirely unknown, making specific conservation measures impossible. No protected area within its range is known to hold a large population, although in Brunei and Sabah, individuals have been recorded in Ulu Temburong National Park and Mount Kinabalu National Park, respectively. In Sarawak, no protected area is known to hold a population of the species. a listing which is completely inferential, based on its highly restricted range and extensive habitat loss (deforestation) and degradation within that range due to logging and conversion to non-forest land uses.

Similar species

The Hose's civet is similar to the banded palm civet (Hemigalus derbyanus). Hose's civet was first described as Hemigalus hosei in 1892 by Oldfield Thomas and it was only in 1912 that he found that the difference in shape of muzzle and teeth, as well as the obvious difference in the pattern of colouration, implied the necessity of distinguishing Diplogale from Hemigalus. Like the Hose's civet, the banded palm civet is strictly nocturnal and more ground dwelling; the distribution of Hose's civet, however, is much more restricted and more confined to higher altitude forest.

The large snout and long facial whiskers of Hose's civet is similar to that of the otter civet (Cynogale bennettii). The otter civet is known to be semiaquatic and has webbed feet; it occurs mainly in lowland rain forest.

References

References

1. Mathai, J.. (2015). "''Diplogale hosei''".
2. {{MSW3 Wozencraft
3. Thomas, O.. (1892). "On some Mammals form Mount Dulit, North Borneo". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.
4. Yasuma, S.. (2004). "Observations of a live Hose's Civet ''Diplogale hosei''". Small Carnivore Conservation.
5. Payne, J.. (1985). "A field guide to the mammals of Borneo". The Sabah Society with World Wildlife Fund Malaysia.
6. Samejima, H. and Semiadi, G. (2012). First record of Hose's Civet ''Diplogale hosei'' from Indonesia and records of other carnivores in the Schwaner Mountains, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Small Carnivore Conservation 46: 1–7.
7. (2004). "Hose's Civet, ''Diplogale hosei''". Small Carnivore Conservation.
8. Chapron, G.. (2006). "New carnivore species in Borneo may not be new.". Oryx.
9. Mathai, J.. (2010). "Hose's Civet: Borneo's mysterious carnivore". Nature Watch.
10. Mathai, J.. (2010). "Small carnivores in a logging concession in the Upper Baram, Sarawak, Borneo". Small Carnivore Conservation.
11. Francis, C. M.. (2002). "An observation of Hose's Civet in Brunei". Small Carnivore Conservation.
12. Schreiber, A.. (1989). "Weasels, civets, mongooses, and their relatives: an action plan for the conservation of mustelids and viverrids". IUCN.