Hoop (rhythmic gymnastics)

History

The hoop was introduced to the early form of the sport in the 1920s. At the 1936 Summer Olympics, Hinrich Medau, one of the developers of "modern gymnastics" (the forerunner to rhythmic gymnastics), choreographed a routine with five hoops to represent the Olympic rings, popularizing the apparatus in gymnastics programs. Hoops were used in the team portable apparatus competitions for women at both the 1952 and 1956 Olympics before the event was discontinued. During the 1960s, the International Gymnastics Federation established official rules and competitions for rhythmic gymnastics. The hoop was recognised as an official apparatus from the beginning, along with the ball and rope. From 2001-2012, each apparatus had a compulsory body group of movements that had to predominate in the exercise; hoop was an exception in requiring a balance of all four body groups.

Over the years, the design and materials of the hoop have evolved to enhance performance. Early hoops were often made of wood, but modern hoops are typically constructed from durable plastics that can withstand rigorous use and provide better flexibility.

Specifications and technique

The hoop may be made of plastic or wood. It is common to bind the hoop with decorative tape to add strength, weight, and color. The official specifications for the hoop are as follows:

• Diameter: 80 to 90 cm
• Weight: Minimum of 300 grams

Rhythmic hoops are springy and can be easily rebounded, and the size and shape makes its trajectory stable when flown. However, the large size and relative fragility of the hoop can cause difficulties when gymnasts fly to competitions.

Many of the techniques of rhythmic gymnastics have been adopted by the modern hooping community.

Elements

Gymnasts perform a variety of elements with the hoop, including high or low throws, spinning it around different body parts like a hula hoop, or suspending it from the body with no support during a rotational body difficulty. During the exercise, the gymnast should perform elements with the hoop moving on different planes and axes and in different directions. The elements that are considered to be particular to the hoop are:

• Large roll of the hoop over at least two segments of the body (e.g. the torso and legs or torso and arms)
• Rolling the hoop on the floor
• Rotating the hoop around its axis either around the fingers or around or on another part of the gymnast's body
• Rotating the hoop around its axis on the floor either with hand contact or allowing the hoop to spin freely
• Rotating the hoop around the hand or another part of the body
• Sliding the hoop over at least two segments of the body
• Passing through the hoop, either entirely or with two segments of the body

Photo gallery

File:Rhythmic gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Marina Durunda 6.jpg|Rolling the hoop along the floor (Marina Durunda) File:Rhythmic gymnastics at the 2017 Summer Universiade (36826327030).jpg|Suspending the hoop from the neck while rotating (Takana Tatsuzawa) File:Conjunto español 2009 Portimao.png|Two gymnasts passing through a hoop during a group exercise (Spanish group) File:Ganna Rizatdinova 2012 Olympics hoop 2.jpg|Performing under a high throw of the hoop (Hanna Rizatdinova) File:Melitina Staniouta 2016 Olympics Test Event 1.jpg|Catching the hoop between the neck and leg (Melitina Staniouta) File:Boryana Kaleyn 2024 Sofia World Cup Hoop Final 3.jpg|Preparing to throw the hoop using a foot (Boryana Kaleyn) File:2018-10-16 Gymnastics at 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Rhythmic Gymnastics - Hoop final (Martin Rulsch) 038.jpg|Bouncing the hoop off a leg (Aino Yamada) File:Liliana Lewinska 2024 Sofia World Cup Hoop QF 2.jpg|Rotating the hoop around its axis on the floor during a balance (Liliana Lewińska) File:Barbara Domingos 2024 Sofia World Cup Hoop QF 2.jpg|Rolling the hoop over the arms (Bárbara Domingos) File:2018-10-16 Gymnastics at 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Rhythmic Gymnastics - Hoop final (Martin Rulsch) 162.jpg|Rotating the hoop around a leg (Yulia Vodopyanova)

References

References

1. (March 19, 2021). "Hoop, Ball, Clubs, Ribbon and Rope: The making of the apparatus that make Rhythmic Gymnastics unique".
2. Schmid, Andrea Bodó. (1976). "Modern rhythmic gymnastics". Mayfield Pub. Co.
3. Bott, Jenny. (1989). "Rhythmic gymnastics: the skills of the game". Crowood Press.
4. Toledo, Eliana de. (March 2016). "The appreciation of artistic aspects of the Code of Points in rhythmic gymnastics: an analysis of the last three decades". Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte.
5. "Rhythmic Gymnastics - Apparatus".
6. Jastrjembskaia, Nadejda. (1999). "Rhythmic gymnastics". Human Kinetics.
7. Fincher, Julia. (2016-08-01). "Never Check the Hoop: Rhythmic Gymnasts Face Unique Travel Challenges".
8. (26 April 2024). "Rhythmic Gymnastics Code of Points 2025-2028".