Hoop crown

Origins

Hoop crowns were introduced to Germanic Europe by the Carolingian dynasty, The Carolingian hoop crown was most probably Sometimes, the Carolingian hoop crowns were combined with a cap, worn beneath.

Though hoop crowns were characteristic for Carolingian kings, there were several other types of crowns worn by the members of this dynasty. For example, Charlemagne also wore a crown shaped like a collar with an attachment on the front side. The features most Carolingian crowns had in common were "cap or bands over the head, edge-bands, and pendilia". Some of the Carolingian crowns were imitations of contemporary Byzantine Imperial crowns, which had the shape of a closed cap (kamelaukion). In turn, Byzantine Emperor Justinian I "the Great" (483–565) had hoops attached to his crown to carry a cross above it, creating the prototype of later hoop crowns.

Spread

Hoop crowns became popular in late medieval Europe. In addition, William had sceptre and virga created, resembling the imperial insignia.

However, not all late medieval crowns had hoops. For example, the 15th-century kings of France wore crowns of the lilly type, a collar decorated with four lilies. The hoop crown became the prevalent type of crown in the Early Modern Age.

Sources

References

Bibliography

References

1. Schulz (2010)
2. Hartmann [http://www.beyars.com/kunstlexikon/lexikon_8445.html online] {{Webarchive. link. (2017-12-01 , entries "Spangenkrone, Bügelkrone")
3. Lohrmann (1973), p. 764
4. Kornbluth (1990), p. 61
5. Schramm (1956), p. 888
6. Schramm (1959), p. 562
7. Schramm (1959), p. 561
8. who usurped the throne of the [[Frankish Empire]] from the [[Merovingian dynasty]] in 751. However their use dates back to the end of the [[Roman Empire]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]].Grierson, P. (1993). Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, 2: Phocas to Theodosius III, 602-717. Universidad de Harvard. Estados Unidos.
9. derived from the contemporary [[Germanic tribes. Germanic]] [[Spangenhelm. hoop helmet]] ({{langx. de. Pepin I (797–838)]] or [[Pepin II of Aquitaine. Louis II "the German"]] (806–876), [[Charles the Bald
10. The [[Holy Roman Empire. Norman]] king [[William the Conqueror]] wore a hoop crown, and in the 12th century, the [[Kingdom of Hungary