Hong Chi-jung

1719 mission to Japan

In 1719, King Sukjong dispatched a diplomatic mission to the shogunal court of Tokugawa Yoshimune. This diplomatic mission functioned to the advantage of both the Japanese and the Koreans as a channel for developing a political foundation for trade.

This delegation was explicitly identified by the Joseon court as a "Communication Envoy" (tongsinsa). The mission was understood to signify that relations were "normalized."

The Joseon embassy arrived in Kyoto on the 10th month of the 4th year of Kyōhō, according to the Japanese calendar in use at that time. Hong Chi-jung was the chief envoy.

Recognition in the West

Pak Tong-chi's historical significance was confirmed when his mission and his name was specifically mentioned in a widely distributed history published by the Oriental Translation Fund in 1834.

In the West, early published accounts of the Joseon kingdom are not extensive, but they are found in Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu (published in Paris in 1832), and in Nihon ōdai ichiran (published in Paris in 1834). Joseon foreign relations and diplomacy are explicitly referenced in the 1834 work.

Notes

References

• Daehwan, Noh. "The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century," Korea Journal (Winter 2003).
• Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). Frontier contact between chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan. London: Routledge.
• Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 84067437
• Walker, Brett L. "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay," Early Modern Japan. Fall, 2002, pp. 44–62, 124-128.
• Walraven, Boudewijn and Remco E. Breuker. (2007). Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies; Essays in Honour of Boudewijn Walraven. Leiden: CNWS Publications. ;

References

1. {{in lang
2. Walraven, Boudewijn ''et al.'' (2007). ''Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies,'' p. 361; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 417; n.b., the name ''Kô tsi tsiou'' is a pre-[[Hepburn romanization. Hepburn]] Japanese [[transliteration]] and ''Hong tschi tchoung'' is a pre-[[McCune–Reischauer]], Korean [[romanization]] devised by [[Julius Klaproth]] and [[Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat]] in 1834.
3. Walraven, p. 361.
4. Walker, Brett L. "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay," ''Early Modern Japan.'' Fall, 2002, pp. 48.
5. Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0YIbNlliRswC&pg=RA1-PA21 ''Frontier contact between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan,'' pp. 21-24.]
6. Titsingh, p. 417.
7. Vos, Ken. [http://www.rmv.nl/publicaties/11Koreavroeg/e/accidentalacquisitions.pdf "Accidental acquisitions: The nineteenth-century Korean collections in the National Museum of Ethnology, Part 1,"] {{webarchive. link. (2012-06-22 p. 6.)