Hobart R. Gay

Early military career

He was first commissioned into the Army Reserve as a 2nd lieutenant following his graduation from Knox College in 1917. He played as a halfback on the Knox College football team and earned a Bachelor of Science degree.

On October 26, 1917, over six months after the American entry into World War I, Gay was commissioned into the Regular Army as a cavalry officer. He was promoted to 1st lieutenant on October 26, 1917, and captain in July 1920. In his early career, he was a cavalry officer. As a captain, he tutored author Robert A. Heinlein in equitation and musketry.

He transferred to the Quartermaster Corps June 11, 1934, and was promoted to major on August 1, 1935. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on August 18, 1940, and then to colonel in the Army of the United States (AUS) on December 24, 1941, shortly after the United States entered World War II.

World War II

Gay was awarded the Silver Star in December 1942 for gallantry in action on November 8, 1942, in Casablanca. He was chief of staff of the I Armored Corps, commanded by General George S. Patton, in North Africa at the time. Gay would continue to serve as Patton's chief of staff until Patton's death in December 1945.

Gay was promoted to brigadier general (AUS) on June 24, 1943. In the Sicily campaign he was assigned to the U.S. Seventh Army, under Patton, as chief of staff. He became deputy chief of staff of the U.S. Third Army, again under Patton, in February 1944 and replaced Hugh Joseph Gaffey as chief of staff in December. In this capacity, Gay was a key member of Patton's command staff during the Third Army's drive into Germany following the Normandy landings. In November 1944 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC), the citation for which reads:

He was promoted to major general (AUS) on March 20, 1945, shortly before the end of World War II in Europe.

When Patton took command of the U.S. Fifteenth Army in October 1945, Gay was again his chief of staff. He and Patton went pheasant hunting on December 9, 1945. Patton and Gay were seated in the back seat of the staff car, en route to the hunting lodge. There was a traffic accident, during which Patton sustained spinal injuries which later cost him his life. General Gay was uninjured.

After Patton's death, Gay assumed command of the Fifteenth Army in January 1946 for a period of one month. He then became commander of the U.S. 1st Armored Division until its return to the United States later in 1946. He then assumed command of the Second Constabulary Brigade. He served in Europe until 1947, when he returned to the United States. Gay then commanded the Military District of Washington until September 1949.

Korean War

In September 1949, Gay took command of the 1st Cavalry Division in Osaka, Japan. He brought the 1st Cavalry to Korea, where it was in action on July 19, 1950, joining in the general South Korean-U.S. retreat before the North Korean invasion force. It was during this period that earned Gay an oak leaf cluster to his DSC.

His 1st Cavalry Division then played a crucial, albeit costly, role in the successful last-ditch defense of the Pusan Perimeter, and joined in the breakout of U.S. and South Korean units headed north in September in conjunction with the landing of U.S. forces at Inchon. Gay's troops then led the strike across the 38th Parallel and into Pyongyang, capturing the North Korean capital on October 19–20. Two weeks later, his 8th Cavalry Regiment was hit hard by newly arriving Chinese Communist forces at Unsan, north of Pyongyang, with one battalion left trapped when Gay's rescue efforts were ordered halted by his superior, I Corps commander Major General Frank W. Milburn. The Chinese drove the 1st Cavalry Division and other U.S. forces from North Korea in December, and in early 1951 Gay, along with other top officers in Korea, was relieved of his command. Despite this, he was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his service in Korea. The medal's citation reads as follows:

Gay was appointed deputy commander of the U.S. Fourth Army in February 1951. In July 1952 he was appointed commander of U.S. VI Corps at Camp Atterbury, Indiana and in April, 1953 made commanding general of U.S. III Corps at Fort MacArthur, California. He moved to Fort Hood in Texas when the III Corps was reassigned there.[[File:Hobart Gay decorates Raymond Whelan in Korea 1950-08-25.jpg|thumb|Major General Hobart R. Gay, CG, 1st Cavalry Division, congratulates Second Lieutenant Raymond A. Whelan after awarding him the Silver Star for meritorious services in Korea, August 25, 1950.]]

No Gun Ri Massacre

Over three days in late July 1950, the division's 7th Cavalry Regiment and U.S. warplanes killed a large number of South Korean refugees at No Gun Ri, an event first confirmed by The Associated Press in 1999 and later acknowledged in a U.S. Army investigation. The South Korean government in 2005 certified the names of 163 No Gun Ri dead and missing and 55 wounded, and said many more likely were killed. On July 26, the day the No Gun Ri killings began, Gay told rear-echelon reporters he was sure most refugees fleeing south were North Korean infiltrators. Two days earlier, word had been sent from his operations staff to fire on all refugees trying to cross U.S. lines. Gay later described refugees as "fair game," and the U.S. ambassador in South Korea said such a policy had been adopted theater-wide.

Later service, retirement, and death

In September 1954 General Gay was made commander of U.S. Fifth Army in Chicago, Illinois. He was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in October 1954 for promotion to Lieutenant General (temporary).

Hobart R. Gay's career in the U.S. Army ended in 1955 as the Commanding General, Anti-aircraft and Guided Missile Center, Fort Bliss, Texas.

Following retirement, Gay became superintendent of the New Mexico Military Institute. He died in El Paso, Texas, and was interred at the Fort Bliss National Cemetery.

Awards and decorations

Lieutenant General Hobert G. Gay's awards and decorations include: ;Decorations

;Unit Award

;Service Medals

;Foreign Awards

Media portrayal

In the film Patton (1970), the character of Brigadier General Hobart Carver, played by Michael Strong, was based on Gay. In the 1986 telefilm The Last Days of Patton, Gay was portrayed by Murray Hamilton.

References

Notes

References

1. "1965: Gen. Hobart Gay, Patton's Chief of Staff, Fought in 12 Campaigns".
2. Greenwood, John. (2008-09-26). "Normandy to Victory: The War Diary of General Courtney H. Hodges and the First U.S. Army". University Press of Kentucky.
3. Patterson, William Jr.. (2010). "Robert A. Heinlein: the authorized biography (volume 1)". Tom Doherty Associates.
4. "Biography of Lieutenant General Hobert Raymond Gay (1894−1983), USA".
5. Cole, Hugh M.. (1993). "The Lorraine Campaign". CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY, UNITED STATES ARMY.
6. "Valor awards for Hobart Raymond Gay". Military Times.
7. "Armed Forces Hostess Association :: Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall".
8. "LTG Hobart R. Gay".
9. (1961). "South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu (June–November 1950)". Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army.
10. "Valor awards for Hobart Raymond Gay". Military Times.
11. (1995). "The Korean War: An Encyclopedia". Garland Publishing.
12. "Valor awards for Hobart Raymond Gay". Military Times.
13. (September 29, 1999). "War's hidden chapter: Ex-GIs tell of killing Korean refugees".
14. Office of the Inspector General, Department of the Army. [[s:U.S. Department of the Army No Gun Ri Review Report. ''No Gun Ri Review.'']] Washington, D.C. January 2001
15. (2009). "No Gun Ri Incident Victim Review Report". Government of the Republic of Korea.
16. (2006). "Collateral damage: Americans, noncombatant immunity, and atrocity after World War II". Routledge.
17. "Fort Bliss National Cemetery - Surname Gat-Gi - El Paso County, Texas".
18. Empric, Bruce E.. (2024). "Uncommon Allies: U.S. Army Recipients of Soviet Military Decorations in World War II". Teufelsberg Press.