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HLA-DQ5

Human leukocyte antigen serotype

Field	Value
isoformgroup	HLA-DQ5
polymer_type	MHC Class II, DQ cell surface antigen
image	DQ Illustration.PNG
image_source	Illustration of HLA-DQ with gliadin peptide in the binding pocket.
isoformCount	3
subunit1	DQA1
subunit2	DQB1
isoform1	DQ α1.1β5.1
nick1	DQ5.1
allele1a
allele1b	*0501
isoform2	DQ α1.2β5.2
nick2	DQ5.2
allele2a
allele2b	*0502
isoform3	DQ α1.4β5.3
nick3	DQ5.3
allele3a
allele3b	*0503
isoform4	DQ α1.2β5.4
nick4	DQ5.4
allele4a	*0102
allele4b	*0504

HLA-DQ5 (DQ5) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype subgroup within HLA-DQ(DQ) serotypes. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of β5.x subset of DQ β-chains. The β-chain of DQ is encoded by HLA-DQB1 locus and DQ5 are encoded by the HLA-DQB1 allele group. This group currently contains 4 common alleles, DQB1, , , and . HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DQB1*05 are almost synonymous in meaning. DQ5 β-chains combine with α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, are all HLA-DQ1 encoded by the DQA1 allele group.

Serology

The efficiency of DQ1 recognition relative to DQ5 and DQ6 is listed above. Since DQ1 recognizes alpha, the DQ5 and DQ6 recognition are to beta chain. Meaning that DQ1 is corecognized with DQ5 and DQ6. Efficient recognition of a genotyped allele approaches 100%. Compared to DQ2 serotyping of DQB1*0201 positive individuals (98%), the efficiency of DQ5 recognition is relatively low and error prone.

While DQ5 recognizes DQB1*05 alleles more efficiently than DQ1, the serotyping is rather poor method of typing for transplantation or disease association prediction or study.

Disease associations

By serotype

DQ5 is negatively associated with (protective against) idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Polish children, and adrenocortical failure (Addison's disease).

A study on the relationship between HLA-DR, DQ antigen, and intracranial aneurysm in the Han nationality show DQ5 more likely, AIDP type of Guillain Barré syndrome, and irritable bowel disease but not crohn's disease in the same (Jewish) population. Other studies show DQ5 is associated with extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn's.

DQ5 is shown to be associated with increased risk of gastric mucosal atrophy in Helicobacter pylori infected subjects.

DQ5 appears to be associated with analgesic intolerance.

By haplotype

MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis HLA-DR14-DQ5, probably DRB1 : DQA1 : DQB1 (DR14-DQ5). DR1-DQ5 is associated with sensitivity to acid anhydrides.

References

[http://www.ebi.ac.uk/imgt/hla/allele.html derived from IMGT/HLA]
(2006). "Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Polish children - its variants and associations with HLA". Pediatr. Nephrol..
(2002). "Autoimmune adrenocortical failure in Norway autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen class II associations related to clinical features". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab..
(2006). "A study on the relationship between HLA-DR, DQ antigen, and intracranial aneurysm in the Han nationality". Surgical Neurology.
(2002). "[The association between HLA typing and different subtypes of Guillain Barré syndrome]". Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi.
(2000). "HLA class II haplotype associations with inflammatory bowel disease in Jewish (Ashkenazi) and non-Jewish caucasian populations". Hum. Immunol..
(1996). "Investigation of the association of major histocompatibility complex genes, including HLA class I, class II and TAP genes, with clinical forms of Crohn's disease". Eur. J. Immunogenet..
Beales IL, Davey NJ, Pusey CD, Lechler RI, Calam J. (1995). "Long-term sequelae of Helicobacter pylori gastritis.". Lancet.
(2003). "Analgesic intolerance with or without bronchial asthma: is there a marker?". Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology.
(2006). "Strong association of MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and HLA-DR14-DQ5". Neurology.
(2004). "Association of HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DR1 with sensitization to organic acid anhydrides". Clin. Exp. Allergy.

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