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HLA-A3

Human leukocyte antigen serotype

Summary

Human leukocyte antigen serotype

Field	Value
isoformgroup	HLA-A3
polymer_type	MHC Class I, A cell surface antigen
image	Illustration_HLA-A.png
protein_type	transmembrane receptor/ligand
structure	αβ heterodimer
subunit_genes	HLA-A*03--, β2-microglobulin
linkout	HAwA
alias	HL-A3
isoformCount	2
subunit1	allele
nick1	A3.1
allele1a	03:01
nick2	A3.2
allele2a	03:02
rareIsoforms	1
rnick1	A3.5
rallele1a	03:05

HLA-A3 (A3) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α3 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A3, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*03:01. A3 and A are almost synonymous in meaning. A3 is more common in Europe, it is part of the longest known multigene haplotype, A3~B7~DR15~DQ6.

Serotype

A3 is primarily composed of A*03:01 and 03:02 which serotype well with anti-A3 antibodies. There are 26 non-synonymous variants of A03, 4 nulls, and 22 protein variants.

Associated diseases

A3 serotype is a secondary risk factor for myasthenia gravis and lower CD8+ levels in hemochromatosis patients. The HFE (Hemochromatosis) locus lies between A3 and B7 within the A3~DQ6 superhaplotype.

In HIV

HLA-A3 selects HIV evolution for a mutation Gag KK9 epitope and results in a rapid decline in the CD8 T-cell response. CD8 T-cells are responsible for quickly killing HIV infected CD4+ cells. This type of evolved response may not be specific for HLA-A3 and since HIV is capable of adapting quickly in situ to selective factors.

Alleles

Associated diseases

A*03:01 modulates increased risk for multiple sclerosis

A3~B haplotypes

A3-B7 is part of the A3~DQ2 superhaplotype A3-B8 (Romania, svanS)

A3~B35 (Bulgaria, Croatia, E. Black Sea)

A3~B55 (E. Black Sea)

A3~Cw7~B7

A3~B7 is bimodal in frequency in Europe with one node in Ireland and the other in Switzerland, relatively speaking Switzerland appears to be higher. A3~Cw7~B7 is one of the most common multigene haplotypes in the western world, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe.

A ~ C ~ B ~ DRB1 ~ DQA1 ~ DQB1

References

(February 1978). "The genetic control of HLA-A and B antigens in somatic cell hybrids: requirement for beta2 microglobulin". Tissue Antigens.
(January 2008). "Variation analysis and gene annotation of eight MHC haplotypes: the MHC Haplotype Project". Immunogenetics.
(1999). "Correlation of thymic pathology with HLA in myasthenia gravis.". Clinical Immunology.
(2005). "HLA haplotype A03-B07 in hemochromatosis probands with HFE C282Y homozygosity: frequency disparity in men and women and lack of association with severity of iron overload.". Blood Cells Mol Dis.
(2006). "A study of 82 extended HLA haplotypes in HFE-C282Y homozygous hemochromatosis subjects: relationship to the genetic control of CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers and severity of iron overload.". BMC Med Genet.
(July 2008). "HLA haplotype map of river valley populations with hemochromatosis traced through five centuries in Central Sweden". Eur. J. Haematol..
(July 2004). "Selection, transmission, and reversion of an antigen-processing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection". J. Virol..
(2000). "Multiple sclerosis: a modifying influence of HLA class I genes in an HLA class II associated autoimmune disease.". Tissue Antigens.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

hla-a-alleles

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