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Historicism (art)

Art and architecture inspired by historic styles

Note

styles in art and architecture

Historicism or historism comprises artistic styles that draw their inspiration from recreating historic styles or imitating the work of historic artists and artisans. This is especially common in architecture, where there are many different styles of Revival architecture, which dominated large buildings in the 19th century. Through a combination of different styles or the implementation of new elements, historicism can create completely different aesthetics than former styles. Thus, it offers a great variety of possible designs.

Overview

In the history of art, after Neoclassicism which in the Romantic era could itself be considered a historicist movement, the 19th century included a new historicist phase characterized by an interpretation not only of Greek and Roman classicism, but also of succeeding stylistic eras, which were increasingly respected. In particular in architecture and in the genre of history painting, in which historical subjects were treated with great attention to accurate period detail, the global influence of historicism was especially strong from the 1850s onwards. The change is often related to the rise of the bourgeoisie during and after the Industrial Revolution. By the end of the century, in the fin de siècle, Symbolism and Art Nouveau followed by Expressionism and Modernism acted to make Historicism look outdated, although many large public commissions continued in the 20th century. The Arts and Crafts style managed to combine a looser vernacular historicism with elements of Art Nouveau and other contemporary styles.

The influence of historicism remained strong until the 1950s in many countries. When postmodern architecture became widely popular during the 1980s, a Neohistorism style followed, that is still prominent and can be found around the world, especially in representative and upper-class buildings.

Western historicist styles

International

Art Deco
Art Nouveau
Baroque Revival
Beaux-Arts
Byzantine Revival
Egyptian Revival
Gothic Revival
Greek Revival / Neo-Grec
Moorish Revival
Neoclassical
New Classical / Neohistorism
Renaissance Revival (Châteauesque/Italianate/Palazzo style)
Romanesque Revival
Second Empire
Swiss chalet style
Vernacular

British Empire

Adam style
Bristol Byzantine
Carpenter Gothic (Canada)
Edwardian Baroque
Indo-Saracenic Revival (India)
Jacobethan
Queen Anne style
Regency
Scottish baronial style (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland)
Tudor Revival / Black-and-White Revival

France

Directoire style
Empire style
Napoleon III style

Austria and Germany

Biedermeier
Gründerzeit
Nazi architecture
Resort style
Rundbogenstil

Greece and Balkans

Mycenaean Revival
Serbo-Byzantine Revival

Italy

Stile Umbertino

Mexico

Spanish Colonial Revival architecture
Mayan Revival

Netherlands

Traditionalist School

Portugal

Pombaline
Neo-Manueline
Soft Portuguese style

Romania

Romanian Revival

Russian Empire and USSR

Byzantine Revival
Russian Revival
Stalinist architecture

Scandinavia

Dragestil
National Romantic style
Nordic Classicism

Spain

Neo-Mudéjar
Noucentisme

United States

Jeffersonian architecture
American Renaissance
Carpenter Gothic
Collegiate Gothic
Colonial Revival
Federal style
Greco Deco
Mayan Revival
Mediterranean Revival
Mission Revival
Polish Cathedral style
Pueblo Revival
Queen Anne style
Richardsonian Romanesque
Spanish Colonial Revival
Territorial Revival

References

[[Edward Lucie-Smith. Lucie-Smith, Edward]]. ''The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms''. London: Thames & Hudson, 1988, p. 100. {{ISBN. 0-500-20222-2

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