High Line

Description

The High Line extends for 1.45 mi from Gansevoort Street to 34th Street. At 30th Street the elevated tracks turn west around the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project to the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center on 34th Street. As proposed, the park was to be integrated with the Hudson Yards development and the Hudson Park and Boulevard. If Hudson Yards' Western Rail Yard is built, it will be elevated above the High Line Park, so an exit along the viaduct over the West Side Yard will lead to the Western Rail Yard. The 34th Street entrance is at grade, with wheelchair access.

The park is open daily from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. through the warmer months, and until 8:00 p.m. in winter. It can be reached through eleven entrances, five of which are accessible to people with disabilities. The wheelchair-accessible entrances, each with stairs and an elevator, are at Gansevoort, 14th, 16th, 23rd, and 30th Streets. Additional staircase-only entrances are located at 18th, 20th, 26th, and 28th Streets, and 11th Avenue. Street-level access is available at 34th Street via the Interim Walkway, which runs from 30th Street and 11th Avenue to 34th Street west of 11th Avenue.

Route

At the Gansevoort Street end (which runs north–south), the stub over Gansevoort Street is named the Tiffany and Co. Foundation Overlook and was dedicated in July 2012; the foundation was a major supporter of the park. The southern terminus of the park also contains a small wooded area called the Gansevoort Woodland. The route then passes under The Standard, High Line hotel and through a passage at 14th Street. At 14th Street, the High Line splits into two sides at different elevations; the Diller-Von Furstenberg Water Feature (opened in 2010) is on the lower side, and a sundeck is on the upper side.

The route passes through the west edge of the Chelsea Market, a food hall, at 15th Street. A spur, connecting the viaduct to the National Biscuit Company building and closed to the public, splits off at 16th Street. The railroad tracks on the spur are left in situ but the trackbeds are planted with greenery. The Tenth Avenue Square, an amphitheater on the viaduct, is at 17th Street where the High Line crosses over Tenth Avenue from southeast to northwest. There is a lawn at 23rd Street, where the viaduct widens slightly to accommodate a former track spur. Between 25th and 26th Streets a ramp takes visitors 8 ft above the plants and shrubs on the viaduct. Known as the Philip Falcone and Lisa Maria Falcone Flyover, after two major donors to the park, it was based on plans for a Phase 1 flyover which was never built. The flyover has a scenic overlook facing east at 26th Street, as well as several short overlooks with benches.

The park then curves west to Phase 3 and merges into the Tenth Avenue Spur, which stretches over 30th Street to Tenth Avenue. The Tenth Avenue Spur is composed of three parts: the Coach Passage, with 60 ft ceilings; the High Line's largest planted garden; and a plaza with temporary art exhibitions that get replaced every 18 months. The art exhibition space is named the Plinth, an allusion to London's Fourth plinth, which also displays temporary art. Phase 3 has another ramp taking visitors above the viaduct at 11th Avenue and a play area with rail ties and the Pershing Beams (modified, silicone-covered beams and stanchions coming out of the structure), a gathering space with benches, and a set of three railroad tracks where one can walk between the rails. The play area also has a seesaw-like bench and a "chime bench", with keys which make sounds when tapped. The Interim Walkway, from 11th Avenue and 30th Street to 34th Street divides the viaduct into two sides: a gravel walkway and an undeveloped section with rail tracks. The temporary walkway closed for renovation when the Tenth Avenue Spur was completed. The High Line turns north to a point just east of Twelfth Avenue. At 34th Street it curves east and descends, ending at street level midway between 12th and 11th Avenues.

The High Line Moynihan Connector, a walkway from the Tenth Avenue Spur to Moynihan Train Hall at Ninth Avenue, opened in June 2023. The 1,200 ft spur runs east along 30th Street for one block to Dyer Avenue. The span above 30th Street uses a V-shaped structure called the Woodlands Bridge, which contains a 5 ft planting bed. The walkway then turns north to 31st Street across the Timber Bridge, a span shaped like a Warren truss. It terminates at a public space within Manhattan West that ends at the west side of Ninth Avenue, directly across from Moynihan Train Hall.

Landscape design

The High Line viaduct had 161 species of plants before it was converted into a park; the modern park has about 400 species of plants, including grasses and trees. There are about 100,000 unique specimens of plants. Each species is selected based on their appearance, in addition to how well they survive throughout the year. The park has a team of 10 horticulturists, who trim and prune the plants throughout the year to prevent overgrowth. Throughout the park, the soil has an average depth of 18 in. The park uses sustainable landscaping and organic lawn management techniques to maintain the space. Native fauna documented in the park include 33 native bee species, butterflies including painted ladies, and migratory birds including warblers.

Attractions

The park's attractions include naturalized plantings, inspired by plants which grew on the disused tracks, and views of the city and the Hudson River. The pebble-dash concrete walkways swell and constrict, swing from side to side, and divide into concrete tines which meld the hardscape with plantings embedded in railroad-gravel mulch. "By opening the paving, we allow the plants to bleed through," said landscape architect James Corner, "almost as if the plants were colonizing the paved areas. There's a sort of blending or bleeding or suturing between the hard paving, the surface for people to stroll on, and the planting ... " Stretches of track and ties recall the High Line's former use, and portions of track are re-used for rolling lounges positioned for river views. The benches use Brazilian Ipê timber, which came from a managed forest certified by the Forest Stewardship Council. According to James Corner Field Operations, the High Line's design "is characterized by an intimate choreography of movement."

The High Line also has cultural attractions as part of a long-term plan for the park to host temporary installations and performances. Creative Time, Friends of the High Line, and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation commissioned The River That Flows Both Ways by Spencer Finch as the inaugural art installation. It has also hosted events such as a pigeon-themed festival, as well as a series of conservation-themed activities.

Artwork

The High Line exhibits numerous pieces of artwork through its public-artwork subsidiary High Line Art, whose curator since 2011 has been Cecilia Alemani. A mid-2010 sound installation by Stephen Vitiello was composed from bells heard throughout New York. Lauren Ross, former director of the alternative art space White Columns, was the High Line's first curator. During the construction of the second phase (between 20th and 30th Streets) several artworks were installed, including Sarah Sze's Still Life with Landscape (Model for a Habitat): a steel-and-wood sculpture near 20th and 21st Streets built as a house for fauna such as birds and butterflies. Kim Beck's Space Available was installed on the roofs of three buildings visible from the southern end. Three 20 by sculptures, resembling the armature of empty billboards and constructed like theater backdrops, looks three-dimensional from a distance. Also installed during the second phase of construction was Julianne Swartz's Digital Empathy, a work utilizing audio messages at restrooms, elevators, and water fountains. Maine artist Charlie Hewitt's sculpture Urban Rattle was permanently installed in 2013.

In 2012 and 2013, the Ghanaian born Nigerian artist El Anatsui's large scale sculpture Broken Bridge ll (at the time his largest work to date) fashioned from recycled pressed tin and broken mirrors was positioned on a wall on the west side of the street between 21st and 22nd streets, facing and sidelining the High Line. In 2016 Tony Matelli's controversial sculpture Sleepwalker was exhibited upon the High Line. Max Hooper Schneider's aquarium was displayed on the linear park in 2017. The next year, the High Line hosted the British sculptor Phyllida Barlow's first public commission, Prop. High Line Art also displays artwork on a billboard near 18th Street and 10th Avenue.

In 2023 the plinth commission went to the Swiss multimedia artist Pamela Rosenkranz who created a giant bright pink tree sculpture called Old Tree. An aluminum sculpture of a pigeon, Dinosaur, by Iván Argote was mounted on the High Line plinth in 2024. In conjunction with this sculpture, in June 2025, the High Line held its first Human "Pigeon Impersonator Contest". In 2025 Mika Rottenberg's Foot Fountain (pink) was exhibited on the High Line.

History

Rail line

In 1847, the City of New York authorized the construction of railroad tracks along Tenth and Eleventh Avenues on Manhattan's West Side. The street-level tracks were used by the New York Central Railroad's freight trains, which shipped commodities such as coal, dairy products, and beef. For safety the railroad hired "West Side cowboys", men who rode horses and waved flags in front of the trains. However, so many accidents occurred between freight trains and other traffic that the nickname "Death Avenue" was given to Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. In 1910, one organization estimated that there had been 548 deaths and 1,574 injuries over the years along Eleventh Avenue.

Public debate about the hazard began during the early 1900s. In 1929 the city, the state, and New York Central agreed on the West Side Improvement Project, conceived by New York City park commissioner Robert Moses. The 13 mi project eliminated 105 street-level railroad crossings, added 32 acre to Riverside Park, and included construction of the West Side Elevated Highway. The plans also included the construction of the St. John's Freight Terminal at Spring Street, which was completed in 1936 and replaced the street-level St. John's Park Terminal in present-day Tribeca. The West Side Improvement cost more than $150 million, worth about $ billion in dollars. The last stretch of street-level track was removed from Eleventh Avenue in 1941.

The first train on the High Line viaduct, part of New York Central's West Side Line, ran along the structure in 1933. The elevated structure was dedicated on June 29, 1934, and was the first part of the West Side Improvement Project to be completed. The High Line, which originally ran from 35th Street to St. John's Freight Terminal, was designed to go through the center of blocks rather than over an avenue. As a result, the viaduct's construction necessitated the demolition of 640 buildings. It connected directly to factories and warehouses, allowing trains to load and unload inside buildings. Milk, meat, produce, and raw and manufactured goods could be transported and unloaded without disturbing street traffic. This reduced the load on the Bell Laboratories Building (which has housed the Westbeth Artists Community since 1970) and the former Nabisco plant in Chelsea Market, which were served from protected sidings in the buildings.

The line also passed under the Western Electric complex at Washington Street. Although the section still existed , it is not connected to the developed park.

Abandonment

The growth of interstate trucking during the 1950s led to a drop in rail traffic throughout the U.S. St. John's Freight Terminal was abandoned in 1960, and the southernmost section of the line was demolished in the following decade due to low use. The West Village Apartments were then built on part of the former segment's right of way. The demolished section began at Bank Street and ran down Washington Street to Spring Street (just north of Canal Street).

By 1978, the High Line viaduct was used to deliver just two carloads of cargo per week. The viaduct was shut down in 1980, when owner Conrail had to disconnect the viaduct from the rest of the national rail system for a year. The closure was necessitated as a result of the construction of Javits Center at 34th Street, which required that the curve at 35th Street be rebuilt. The last train on the viaduct was a three-car consist carrying frozen turkeys. During the time the viaduct was disconnected, two large customers along the route moved to New Jersey. The curve to the viaduct from 35th Street was demolished during the construction of Javits Center and was replaced by the current curve at 34th Street. The tracks leading to the High Line were reconnected in 1981, but as there were no more customers along the route, the curve at 34th Street was never completed, and the viaduct did not see any further usage. At this point, Conrail still owned the right of way and the tracks.

During the mid-1980s, a group of property owners with land under the line lobbied for the demolition of the entire structure. Peter Obletz, a Chelsea resident, activist, and railroad enthusiast, challenged the demolition efforts in court and tried to re-establish rail service on the line. Obletz offered to buy the viaduct for $10 in order to run a small number of freight trains on the line, and Conrail accepted, mainly because demolition would have cost $5 million. However, this offer was also disputed in court. By 1988, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority was negotiating with Conrail for the possibility for using the line's right of way to construct a light rail route. These negotiations did not proceed further, and by the end of the 1980s, it was expected that the High Line would be demolished.

As part of the construction of the Empire Connection to Penn Station, which opened in spring 1991, the West Side Line tracks north of 35th Street were routed to the new Empire Connection tunnel to Penn Station. A small section of the High Line in the West Village, from Bank to Gansevoort Streets, was taken apart in 1991 despite objections by preservationists. The remaining riveted-steel elevated structure was unused and in disrepair during the 1990s, but it remained structurally sound. Around this time, it became known to urban explorers and local residents for the tough, drought-tolerant wild grasses, shrubs (such as sumac) and rugged trees which had sprung up in the gravel along the abandoned railway. The administration of mayor Rudy Giuliani planned to demolish the structure. The Interstate Commerce Commission approved plans to demolish the structure in 1992, but demolition was delayed due to disputes between various city government agencies and the railroad companies. Ownership of the viaduct ultimately passed to CSX Transportation in 1999.

Repurposing proposal

A nonprofit organization called Friends of the High Line was formed in October 1999 by Joshua David and Robert Hammond. They advocated its preservation and reuse as public open space, an elevated park or greenway similar to the Promenade Plantée in Paris. The concept also drew inspiration from Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord, Germany—a precedent for urban and industrial repurposing in modern landscaping. The organization was initially a small community group advocating the High Line's preservation and transformation when the structure was threatened with demolition during Rudy Giuliani's second term as mayor. In 2000, CSX Transportation gave photographer Joel Sternfeld permission to photograph it for a year. Sternfeld's photographs of its meadow-like natural beauty, discussed in an episode of the documentary series Great Museums, were used at public meetings when the subject of saving the High Line was discussed. Mary Boone's art gallery, Martha Stewart, and Edward Norton hosted fundraising benefits for the High Line in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Fashion designer Diane von Fürstenberg (who had moved her New York City headquarters to the Meatpacking District in 1997) and her husband, Barry Diller, also organized fundraising events in her studio.

In 2003, Friends of the High Line sponsored a design competition that attracted more than 720 participants from 38 countries. Proposals included a sculpture garden, an elongated swimming pool, and a linear amusement park/campground. In July 2003, Edward Norton and Robert Caro hosted a benefit event at Grand Central Terminal, where the submissions for the design contest were exhibited. The same month, a bipartisan group of city officials began petitioning the federal Surface Transportation Board to hand over title to the viaduct for park use. In anticipation of this handover, the administration of Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced plans for a High Line park that September. The following year, the New York City government committed $50 million to establish the proposed park. Mayor Bloomberg and City Council speakers Gifford Miller and Christine C. Quinn were among the major supporters. Fundraising for the park raised a total of over $150 million (). The Surface Transportation Board issued a certificate of interim trail use on June 13, 2005, allowing the city to remove most of the line from the national rail system. Ownership officially passed from CSX to the city that November.

Linear park

Reconstruction and design

On April 10, 2006, Mayor Bloomberg presided over a ceremony to mark the beginning of construction. The park was designed by James Corner's New York-based landscape architecture firm Field Operations and architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro, with garden design by Piet Oudolf of the Netherlands, lighting design from L'Observatoire International, and engineering design by Buro Happold and Robert Silman Associates. New York City Department of City Planning director and city planning commission chair Amanda Burden contributed to the project's development. Major supporters included Philip Falcone, Diane von Fürstenberg, Barry Diller, and von Fürstenberg's children Alexander and Tatiana von Fürstenberg. Hotel developer Andre Balazs, owner of the Chateau Marmont in Los Angeles, built the 337-room Standard Hotel straddling the High Line at West 13th Street.

The southernmost section, from Gansevoort Street to 20th Street, opened as a city park on June 8, 2009. The section includes five stairways and elevators at 14th Street and 16th Street. Around the same time, construction of the second section began. A ribbon-cutting ceremony was held on June 7, 2011, to open the second section (from 20th Street to 30th Street), with Mayor Michael Bloomberg, New York City Council speaker Christine Quinn, Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer and Congressman Jerrold Nadler in attendance. CSX Transportation, owner of the northernmost section from 30th to 34th Streets, agreed in principle to donate the section to the city in 2011; the Related Companies, which owns development rights for the West Side Rail Yards, agreed not to tear down the spur crossing 10th Avenue. Construction on the final section was started in September 2012.

A ribbon-cutting ceremony for the High Line's third phase was held on September 20, 2014, followed the next day by the opening of its third section and a procession down the park. The third phase, costing $76 million, was divided into two parts. The first part (costing $75 million) is from the end of phase 2 of the line to its terminus at 34th Street, west of 11th Avenue. The second part, a spur above Tenth Avenue and 30th Street, has room to install artworks curated by the public art program. The spur was scheduled to open by 2018, but was then delayed to April 2019, and later to June 2019. It opened on June 4, 2019, with the installation of a plinth as its initial artwork. It contains entrances to 10 Hudson Yards, built above the spur.

Subsequent developments

The High Line closed temporarily in early 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City; while most parks remained open during the pandemic, the High Line is a linear park with few means to spread out for social distancing measures. The High Line reopened on July 16, 2020, with limited capacity: the section between Gansevoort and 23rd streets was only open to visitors with timed-entry passes. Visitors were able to walk only northbound from Gansevoort Street, with the other access points being for egress only.

During the pandemic, a team of 60 people hosted a Zoom call twice a week to plan an extension of the High Line. On January 11, 2021, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced proposals to extend the High Line east to Moynihan Train Hall and north to Hudson River Park. The 1,200 ft Moynihan Connector was planned to cost $60 million and run east to Ninth Avenue. A second spur would diverge from the Phase 3 walkway at 34th Street, running north to the Javits Center and then turning west to cross the West Side Highway to Hudson River Park. When the spurs were announced, neither of the projects had been funded. A groundbreaking for the Moynihan Connector occurred on February 24, 2022, although major construction did not begin until later the same year. The Moynihan Connector opened on June 22, 2023.

Friends of the High Line

The line is maintained by Friends of the High Line, which was founded by Joshua David and Robert Hammond. The organization is credited with saving the structure by rallying public support for the park and convincing Mayor Michael Bloomberg's administration in 2002 to support the project by filing a request with the Surface Transportation Board to create a public trail on the site. Friends of the High Line played a role in the line's visual aesthetic, holding a competition in conjunction with the city of New York in 2004 to determine the design team which would lead the project. Since the park's opening in 2009, Friends of the High Line has had an agreement with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to serve as its primary steward. The organization is responsible for the daily operation and maintenance of the park, with an annual budget of over $5 million. It has an annual operating budget of $11.5 million, in addition to capital construction and management and fundraising expenses.

Friends of the High Line has raised more than $150 million in public and private funds toward the construction of the first two sections of the park. Unlike the first two phases, to which the city significantly contributed, Friends of the High Line was responsible for raising funds for phase three (an estimated $35 million). The organization raises over 90 percent of the High Line's annual operating budget from private donations. When the city donated $5 million to the High Line in 2012, there was criticism that most city parks had received less funding that year, especially since Friends of the High Line had raised an extra $85 million that year.

The organization has an office on Washington Street, near the park's southern end. It has 80 full-time, year-round employees and about 150 full-time summer employees. Friends of the High Line has been run by president and co-founder Josh David after executive director Jenny Gersten stepped down in 2014. Co-founder Robert Hammond served as executive director until he stepped down in February 2013. Friends of the High Line has a 38-member board of directors consisting of many New York City businesspeople and philanthropists, including Amanda Burden of Bloomberg Associates, Jane Lauder of Estée Lauder Companies, Jon Stryker of the Arcus Foundation and Darren Walker of the Ford Foundation. In 2017, Friends of the High Line received the Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design, for the development of High Line.

Impact

Since its opening, the High Line has become one of the most popular visitors attractions in New York City. By September 2014, the park had nearly five million visitors annually, and in 2019, it had eight million visitors per year. Most of these visits came from tourists; a 2019 study found that tourists made up four-fifths of the High Line's total visitor count. Residents quoted in The New York Times stated that the park has become a "tourist-clogged catwalk" since it opened, and one critic called it a "tourist-clogged cattle chute". The New York Times called the High Line "one of the best-known naturalistic gardens anywhere" upon the park's 15th anniversary in 2024.

Gentrification and development

thumb|The luxury apartment building HL23 by Neil M. Denari Architects opened in 2010. The recycling of the rail line into an urban park and tourist attraction has revitalized Chelsea, which was "gritty" and in generally poor condition during the late twentieth century. It has also spurred real-estate development in the neighborhoods along the line. According to mayor Bloomberg, by 2009 more than 30 projects were planned or under construction nearby, and by 2016 more than 11 projects were under construction. It has also helped raise the value of properties directly adjacent to the High Line by an average of 10 percent over properties a few blocks away. At least 20 properties abutting the High Line have sold for at least $10 million since the park's opening in 2009, with an apartment in a building directly adjacent to the park selling for an average of $6 million. Apartments located near Phase 1 of the High Line are, on average, more than twice as costly as those between Seventh and Eighth Avenues (two blocks east). In August 2016, the park continued to increase real-estate values along it in an example of the halo effect.

Residents who have bought apartments next to the High Line adapted to its presence in various ways, but most responses were positive. However, many established businesses in west Chelsea have closed due to loss of their neighborhood customer base or rent increases. Among the businesses that have closed are gas stations and auto-repair stores, as well as a parochial school. Chelsea has significant racial-minority communities, many of whom live in two large public housing developments. In a 2017 interview, Friends of the High Line co-founder Robert Hammond said that he "failed" the community; the High Line did not fulfill its original purpose of serving the surrounding neighborhood, which had become demographically divided around the park.

Due to the High Line's popularity, several museums were proposed or built along its path. The Dia Art Foundation considered (but rejected) a proposal to build a museum at the Gansevoort Street terminus. On that site, the Whitney Museum has built a new home for its collection of American art. The building, designed by Renzo Piano, opened on May 1, 2015.

Crime

Crime has been low in the park. Shortly after the second section opened in 2011, The New York Times reported that there had been no reports of major crimes (such as assault or robbery) since the first phase opened two years earlier. Parks Enforcement Patrols have written summonses for infractions of park rules such as walking dogs or riding bicycles on the walkway at a lower rate than in Central Park. Park advocates attributed this to the visibility of the High Line from surrounding buildings, a feature of urban life espoused by author Jane Jacobs nearly fifty years before. According to Joshua David, "Empty parks are dangerous ... Busy parks are much less so. You're virtually never alone on the High Line." In a review of the Highliner restaurant—which has now reverted to its previous name, the Empire Diner—Ariel Levy wrote in The New Yorker that... "The new Chelsea that is emerging on weekends as visitors flood the elevated park ... [is] touristy, overpriced, and shiny."

Projects in other cities

The High Line's success in New York City has encouraged leaders in other cities such as Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel, who sees it as "a symbol and catalyst" for gentrifying neighborhoods. Several cities nationwide have plans to renovate railroad infrastructure into parkland, including Philadelphia's Rail Park, Atlanta's Beltline, and Chicago's Bloomingdale Trail. The High Line has helped pioneer the creation of elevated parks worldwide. In Queens, the Queensway (a proposed aerial rail trail) is being considered for reactivation along the right-of-way of the Long Island Rail Road's former Rockaway Beach Branch. Other cities around the world have planned elevated rails-to-trails parks in what has been called the "High Line effect". The conversion of the Tokyo Expressway in Tokyo was also inspired by the High Line.

According to some estimates, it costs substantially less to redevelop an abandoned urban rail line into a linear park than to demolish it. Landscape architect James Corner (who led the High Line's design team) noted that "The High Line is not easily replicable in other cities," however, observing that building a "cool park" requires a "framework" of neighborhoods around it to succeed.

In 2016, Friends of the High Line launched the High Line Network to support similar infrastructure re-use projects being developed in other cities. , there are 19 projects in the network, including River LA, the Atlanta Beltline, Crissy Field, Dequindre Cut, the Lowline, Klyde Warren Park, the Bentway, Bergen Arches, Destination Crenshaw and the Trinity River Project.

Popular culture

The line was depicted in a variety of media before its redevelopment. The 1979 film Manhattan includes a shot of the High Line as director and star Woody Allen speaks the first line: "Chapter One. He adored New York City." Director Zbigniew Rybczyński shot the music video for Art of Noise's single, "Close (to the Edit)" on the line in 1984.

In 2001 (two years after the formation of the Friends of the High Line), photographer Joel Sternfeld documented the High Line's flora and dilapidation in his book, Walking the High Line. The book also contains essays by writer Adam Gopnik and historian John R. Stilgoe. Sternfeld's work was regularly discussed and exhibited during the 2000s as the rehabilitation project developed. Alan Weisman's 2007 book, The World Without Us, cites the High Line as an example of the reappearance of the wild in an abandoned area. Kinetics & One Love's 2009 song, "The High Line", uses the line (before its conversion to a park) as an example of nature's reclamation of man-made structures.

A number of films and television programs have utilized the High Line since the park opened. In 2011, the television series Louie used it as a setting for one of the title character's dates. Other works with scenes on the High Line since its conversion include The Simpsons 2012 episode "Moonshine River" and the 2012 film What Maisie Knew.

References

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49. Warren, Karen. (December 13, 2021). "Sculpture and Art on New York's High Line".
50. (November 21, 2012). "Broken Bridge II".
51. Forster, Ian. (February 8, 2013). "Exclusive – El Anatsui: "Broken Bridge II"".
52. Perlson, Hili. (January 7, 2016). "Controversial Statue Comes to the High Line".
53. Solway, Diane. (July 13, 2017). "The Personal History Behind Artist Max Hooper Schneider's High Line Aquarium".
54. Dafoe, Taylor. (March 14, 2018). "Sculptor Phyllida Barlow's Concrete Colossus on Stilts Will Tower over Chelsea This Spring".
55. Angeleti, Gabriella. (September 2, 2024). "High Line Art resurrecting commissioned billboard series with new Glenn Ligon work".
56. Burgos, Matthew. (May 9, 2023). "On the High Line, Pamela Rosenkranz Grows Synthetic Lucid Pink Tree Resembling Blood Vessels".
57. Cascone, Sarah. (May 8, 2023). "See Artist Pamela Rosenkranz's New High Line Plinth Commission: a Hot Pink Tree Planted Amid New York's Skyscrapers".
58. Cascone, Sarah. (July 31, 2024). "Coo! The Next High Line Plinth Commission Is a Giant Pigeon".
59. Binswanger, Julia. (August 5, 2024). "This 16-Foot-Tall Pigeon Sculpture Is Coming to New York City's High Line".
60. Ryzik, Melena. (2025-06-16). "Crowning New York’s Top ‘Pigeon’". The New York Times.
61. (June 16, 2025). "Pigeon enthusiasts compete for 'Top Pigeon of NYC' at High Line festival in NYC".
62. Weaver, Shaye. (May 1, 2025). "This bizarre water-spitting sculpture on the High Line lets you soak unsuspecting passersby".
63. Dunlap, David W.. (February 18, 2015). "New York City Rail Crossings Carry a Deadly Past". The New York Times.
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96. Burkhart, Tara. (December 17, 2003). "Effort under way to turn old Manhattan railway into a 'park in the sky'". Baltimore Sun.
97. McIntire, Mike. (July 25, 2003). "Move to Reclaim Rail Line Receives Bipartisan Push". The New York Times.
98. Hu, Winnie. (September 25, 2003). "City Unveils Plans to Turn Old Rail Line Into a Park". The New York Times.
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108. Taylor, Kate. (November 1, 2011). "Coach Inc. Agrees to Occupy Third of Hudson Yards Tower". [[The New York Times]].
109. Ouroussoff, Nicolai. (April 8, 2009). "Industrial Sleek (a Park Runs Through It)". [[The New York Times]].
110. Pogrebin, Robin. (June 8, 2009). "First Phase of High Line Is Ready for Strolling". [[The New York Times]].
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118. (September 20, 2014). "Third and Final Phase Opens". [[The New York Times]].
119. (September 20, 2014). "Opening Ceremony Celebrates Completion Of High Line Park". CBS New York.
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121. Jay, Ben. (September 21, 2014). "Photos: High Line Phase Three is Officially Open". [[Gothamist]].
122. (February 6, 2013). "Hudson Yards Set to Alter Skyline, Transform Neighborhood". Chelsea Now.
123. Raver. (September 3, 2014). "Upstairs, a Walk on the Wild Side". [[The New York Times]].
124. (September 4, 2014). "High Line at the Rail Yards Opening September 21". Friends of the High Line.
125. Carlson, Jen. (September 4, 2014). "The High Line's Final Section Will Open This Month". [[Gothamist]].
126. Alberts. (November 12, 2013). "Here Now, The Giant, Verdant Bowl In The Next High Line Phase – Rendering Reveals". [[Curbed]].
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128. Chaban, Matt. (November 13, 2013). "High Line Park will be capped with a giant bowl theater". [[New York Daily News]].
129. Aridi, Sara. (April 4, 2019). "'Brick House' Is Installed at the High Line".
130. (June 4, 2019). "'The Spur' Now Completes Original Plans For The High Line".
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133. (2020). "Important Parks Department Service Changes Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) : NYC Parks".
134. Higgins, Adrian. (June 23, 2020). "Perspective – The High Line has been sidelined. When it reopens, New Yorkers may get the park they always wanted.". Washington Post.
135. (July 16, 2020). "A walk in the park: NYC's High Line reopens with several changes after four-month shutdown".
136. (January 9, 2023). "Elevated High Line park in NYC is expanding".
137. Ramsay, James. (January 11, 2021). "Cuomo Proposes Expanding The High Line To Penn Station, Hudson River".
138. Weaver, Shaye. (January 11, 2021). "An ambitious new High Line expansion will connect the park to Penn Station".
139. (September 16, 2021). "Plans unveiled for $50M High Line to Moynihan Train Hall connector".
140. Offenhartz, Jake. (September 15, 2021). "Cuomo's $50 Million High Line Extension Is Still Happening, Hochul Confirms".
141. (February 23, 2022). "Work to Begin on High Line Connection to Moynihan Hall".
142. (February 24, 2022). "Construction begins on High Line to Moynihan Train Hall connector".
143. Adcroft, Patrick. (June 22, 2023). "High Line-Moynihan Connector officially opens to the public".
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146. Foderaro, Lisa W.. (February 11, 2013). "Robert Hammond, Executive Director of Friends of the High Line, Will Step Down". The New York Times.
147. Katz, Mathew. (July 19, 2012). "Critics Question $5M City Donation to High Line Expansion".
148. "High Line Staff and Board". Friends of the High Line.
149. Foderaro, Lisa W.. (September 2, 2014). "Executive Director Leaving Friends of the High Line". The New York Times.
150. "Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design".
151. Higgins, Adrian. (November 30, 2014). "New York's High Line: Why the floating promenade is so popular". Washington Post.
152. Matthews, Karen. (June 9, 2019). "New York's High Line park marks 10 years of transformation".
153. Davidson, Justin. (January 7, 2019). "The High Line Has Become a Tunnel Through Glass Towers".
154. Denari, Neil. (July 21, 2009). "High Line 23 / Neil M. Denari Architects".
155. Koblin, John. (April 2, 2007). "High Line Park Spurs Remaking Of Formerly Grotty Chelsea". [[New York Observer]].
156. Gregor, Alison. (August 10, 2010). "As a Park Runs Above, Deals Stir Below". [[The New York Times]].
157. Barbanel, Josh. (August 7, 2016). "The High Line's 'Halo Effect' on Property". [[The Wall Street Journal]].
158. Nonko, Emily. (August 8, 2016). "Condos padding the High Line are ridiculously pricier than their neighbors".
159. Pereira, Ivan. (August 8, 2016). "High Line spurs jump in nearby home prices: StreetEasy". [[AM New York]].
160. Moss, Jeremiah. (August 21, 2012). "Disney World on the Hudson". [[The New York Times]].
161. (July 24, 2024). "How the High Line changed NYC: A 'poster child' for gentrification and adaptive reuse".
162. Reichl, Alexander J.. (August 17, 2016). "The High Line and the ideal of democratic public space". Urban Geography.
163. Bliss, Laura. (February 7, 2017). "The High Line's Biggest Issue—And How Its Creators Are Learning From Their Mistakes". CityLab.
164. Vogel, Carol. (October 25, 2006). "Dia Art Foundation Calls Off Museum Project". [[The New York Times]].
165. (April 30, 2015). "New Whitney Museum Signifies a Changing New York Art Scene". New York Times.
166. Wilson, Michael. (June 10, 2011). "The Park Is Elevated. Its Crime Rate Is Anything But". [[The New York Times]].
167. Levy, Ariel. (August 8, 2011). "The Highliner".
168. Mortice, Zach. (February 28, 2017). "Underneath, Overlooked".
169. Taylor, Kate. (July 14, 2010). "After Elevated Park's Success, Other Cities Look Up". The New York Times.
170. Gastil, Ray. (October 1, 2013). "Prospect parks: walking the Promenade Planteé and the High Line". Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes.
171. Bevilacqua, Matt. (April 3, 2013). "Photos: The Differing Destinies of Elevated Urban Parks".
172. Foderado. (January 7, 2013). "In Queens, Taking the High Line as a Model". [[The New York Times]].
173. McGinn, Dave. (October 1, 2014). "The High Line Effect: Why Cities Around The World (Including Toronto) Are Building Parks in the Sky". The Globe and Mail.
174. Betsky, Aaron. (December 13, 2016). "The High Line Effect: Are Our New Parks Trojan Horses of Gentrification?".
175. Flynn, Katherine. (February 26, 2019). "The High Stakes of the High Line Effect".
176. Glass, Mia. (May 27, 2024). "A New York-Style High Line Is Coming to Tokyo".
177. Ryall, Julian. (April 5, 2025). "Walk this way: Tokyo's Ginza to get New York-like 'High Line' makeover".
178. Shevory, Kristina. (August 3, 2011). "Cities See the Other Side of the Tracks". [[The New York Times]].
179. Gibson, Eleanor. (June 22, 2017). "High Line creators launch website to advise on avoiding gentrification". Dezeen.
180. Bliss, Laura. (February 7, 2017). "The High Line's Biggest Issue—And How Its Creators Are Learning From Their Mistakes". CityLab.
181. Marshall, Colin. (August 15, 2017). "Want to join New York's High Line crowd? Don't listen to Joanna Lumley". The Guardian.
182. Eldredge, Barbara. (June 21, 2017). "High Line launches forum to advise similar projects around the country".
183. (February 21, 2008). "Chapter One: He Adored the High Line". Friends of the High Line.
184. Berman, Andrew. (May 23, 2011). "It Happened Here: 80s Music Videos". Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation.
185. (2001). "Walking the High Line". Steidl/Pace/MacGill Gallery.
186. "The High Line Without Us". Friends of the High Line.
187. "Kinetics & One Love – The High Line".
188. DeLucia. (June 15, 2012). "The "Louie" Map of New York". Splitsider.
189. Sheppard-Vaughn. (March 5, 2013). "Tourism Tuesday Featuring New York City High Line". Royal Limos New York.
190. Burr, Ty. (May 23, 2013). "'What Maisie Knew' invites us to see the world through her eyes". [[The Boston Globe]].