Hieronymus Fabricius

Life and accomplishments

Born in Acquapendente, Latium, Fabricius studied at the University of Padua, receiving a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1559 under the guidance of Gabriele Falloppio. He was a private teacher of anatomy in Padua, 1562–1565, and in 1565, became professor of surgery and anatomy at the university, succeeding Falloppio.{{cite journal

In 1594 he revolutionized the teaching of anatomy when he designed the first permanent theater for public anatomical dissections. Julius Casserius (1552–1616) of Piacenza was among Fabricius' students,{{cite book |access-date = 3 September 2010

By dissecting animals, Fabricius investigated the formation of the fetus, the structure of the esophagus, stomach and intestines, and the peculiarities of the eye, the ear, and the larynx. He rediscovered the membranous folds that he called "valves" in the interior of veins, though they were first described by Charles Estienne in 1545. Fabricius rediscovered them in 1574, and was the first to fully describe them including their function in 1603. These valves are now understood to prevent retrograde flow of blood within the veins, thus facilitating antegrade flow of blood towards the heart, though Fabricius did not understand their role at that time. His pupil William Harvey deduced the circulation of blood.

In his Tabulae Pictae, now kept in the Marciana Library in Venice, Fabricius described the cerebral fissure separating the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe.{{cite journal |editor1-last=Bartholin |editor1-first=Thomas|editor1-link=Thomas Bartholin

The Bursa Fabricii (the site of hematopoiesis in birds) is named after Fabricius. A manuscript entitled De Formatione Ovi et Pulli, found among his lecture notes after his death, was published in 1621. It contains the first description of the bursa.{{cite book |access-date=2 September 2010}}

Fabricius contributed much to the field of surgery. Though he never actually performed a tracheotomy, his writings include descriptions of the surgical technique. He favored using a vertical incision and was the first to introduce the idea of a tracheostomy tube. This was a straight, short cannula that incorporated wings to prevent the tube from disappearing into the trachea. He recommended the operation only as a last resort, to be used in cases of airway obstruction by foreign bodies or secretions. Fabricius' description of the tracheotomy procedure is similar to that used today.

Julius Casserius published his own writings regarding technique and equipment for tracheotomy. Casserius recommended using a curved silver tube with several holes in it. Marco Aurelio Severino (1580–1656), a skilful surgeon and anatomist, performed at least one tracheotomy during a diphtheria epidemic in Naples in 1610, using the vertical incision technique recommended by Fabricius.{{cite journal

Books

• Pentateuchos chirurgicum (1592).
• De Visione, Voce, Auditu. Venedig, Belzetta. 1600.
• De formato foetu. 1600.
• De Venarum Ostiolis. 1603
• De brutorum loquela (1603)
• De locutione et ejus instrumentis tractatus. 1603.
• Tractatus anatomicus triplex quorum primus de oculo, visus organo. Secundus de aure, auditus organo. Tertius de laringe, vociis organo admirandam tradit historiam, actiones, utilitates magno labore ac studio (1613).
• De musculi artificio: de ossium articulationibus (1614).
• De respiratione et eius instrumentis, libri duo (1615).
• De tumoribus (1615)
• De gula, ventriculo, intestinis tractatus (1618).
• De motu locali animalium secundum totum, nempe de gressu in genere (1618).
• De totius animalis integumentis (1618)
• De formatione Ovi et Pulli (posthum. publication 1621, but written before De formato foetu)
• Opera chirurgica. Quorum pars prior pentatheucum chirurgicum, posterior operationes chirurgicas continet ... Accesserunt Instrumentorum, quae partim autori, partim alii recens invenere, accurata delineatio. Item, De abusu cucurbitularum in febribus putridis dissertatio, e Musaeo ejusdem (posthum 1623).
• Tractatus De respiratione & eius instrumentis. Ventriculo intestinis, & gula. Motu locali animalium, secundum totum. Musculi artificio, & ossium dearticulationibus (posthum 1625).

References

References

1. [http://www.dictionary.com/browse/fabricius "Fabricius"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.
2. "Fabrici [Fabricius, Fabrizi], Girolamo".
3. "Hieronymus (Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente) Fabricius".
4. "Fabricius Geronimo. Latinized name of Girolamo Fabrizio".
5. Zylberman, Nicolas. (2022). "Anselme Boece de Boodt, 1550 – 1632, gemmologue praticien. De Bruges à Prague, itinéraire européen d'un humaniste - 1ère partie". Ikuska.
6. (February 2001). "Facts and fiction surrounding the discovery of the venous valves". Journal of Vascular Surgery.
7. (30 September 2008). "De Formatione Ovi et Pulli (1621), by Girolamo Fabrici".