Herschel V. Johnson

Early life

Johnson was born near Farmer's Bridge in Burke County, Georgia. In 1834, he graduated from the University of Georgia. He studied at the private law school of Judge William T. Gould in Augusta, Georgia and was admitted to the bar.

He moved to Jefferson County in 1839 and began to practice law in Louisville, Georgia. In 1844, Johnson moved to the state capitol, Milledgeville, where he continued to practice law. During the 1850s, he would acquire the Samuel Rockwell House, a historic house in the city, as his summer house.

Political life

He unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1843. In 1844 he was a presidential elector, and cast his ballot for James K. Polk and George M. Dallas. He ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1847, and lost the Democratic nomination to George W. Towns; Towns won the general election, and in 1848 he appointed Johnson to the United States Senate seat vacated by the resignation of Walter T. Colquitt. Johnson served from February 4, 1848, to March 3, 1849, but was not a candidate for election to the seat. He returned to Georgia and served as a circuit court judge from 1849 to 1853. Johnson was a presidential elector in 1852.

In 1850, Johnson was a pro-slavery politician with strong secessionist leanings. In 1853, he was elected Governor of Georgia, then re-elected in 1855. During the 1856 presidential campaign, Johnson declared that a Frémont victory would be grounds for secession. But while serving as governor, Johnson switched positions and became a strong unionist. After he finished his term as governor in 1857, Johnson County, Georgia was named in his honor.

In 1860, when the Democratic Party refused to add the support of extending slavery to the western territories to its platform, the party split. To try to recapture some southern votes, Johnson was chosen as the northern Democrats' nominee as the running mate of presidential candidate Stephen A. Douglas.

He was also a slave owner. In 1840, he owned 34 slaves in Jefferson County, Georgia. In 1850, he owned 7 slaves in Milledgeville, Georgia. He also owned 60 additional slaves in Jefferson County, Georgia. In 1860, he owned 115 slaves in Jefferson County, Georgia.

Civil War

In 1861 he served as a delegate to the state secession convention, and opposed secession from the Union. When it became clear that Georgia would secede, however, he acquiesced out of loyalty to his state and served as a senator of the Second Confederate Congress from 1862 to the end of the war in 1865. In the Confederate Senate, he opposed conscription and the suspension of habeas corpus. After the Civil War, Johnson was a leader in the Reconstruction. Upon Georgia's readmission to the Union in 1866, he was chosen as a U.S. Senator, but was disallowed from serving due to his allegiance to the Confederate States of America. He again became a circuit court judge in 1873 and served until his death in 1880 in Louisville, Georgia.

Johnson served as president of Georgia's constitutional convention in 1865.

References

Works cited

References

1. Coughlin, Daniel. (August 13, 2019). "The mysterious abandoned mansion rumored to be built on gold". [[Microsoft]].
2. (1898). "The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography". James T. White & Company.
3. (Fall 2010). "Augustus R. Wright and the Loyalty of the Heart". Georgia Historical Quarterly.
4. (2009). "The Bonfire : The Siege and Burning of Atlanta". PublicAffairs.
5. (1840). "1840 United States Census".
6. (1850). "1850 United States Census, Slave Schedules".
7. (1850). "1850 United States Census, Slave Schedules".
8. (1860). "1860 United States Census, Slave Schedules".