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Hemorrhagic shock

Field	Value
name	Hemorrhagic_shock
image	Shock video.webm
caption	Video explanation of shock
field	Emergency medicine
symptoms	Fast heart rate, narrowing pulse pressure, anxiety, cool arms and legs, decreased consciousness, low blood pressure
causes	Trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, childbirth, ectopic pregnancy, underlying blood vessel problems
diagnosis	Based on examination and medical imaging
differential	Other types of circulatory shock
treatment	Direct pressure, tourniquet use, tranexamic acid, blood products, temperature management, surgery
prognosis	Variable
frequency	Relatively common

The cause of blood loss may include trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, childbirth, ectopic pregnancy, and underlying blood vessel problems. Bleeding may occur within the body or externally. Significant blood loss can occur within the abdomen, chest, and retroperitoneum. The underlying mechanism involves not enough blood flow to body tissues. A shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) of greater than 1 can indicate who is likely to need blood transfusions. Ultrasound, in the emergency department, may be useful in determining the location of the blood loss.

The initial management is based on ATLS. The primary treatment is stopping the source of bleeding. This may include direct pressure or tourniquet use. Other measures may include tranexamic acid, blood products, and temperature management. In those without a head injury, the blood pressure may be permitted to remain relatively low until surgery can be performed. Hemorrhagic shock is relatively common. About half of deaths due to trauma are due to bleeding and bleeding remains the primary preventable cause of trauma related death. The risk of death or poor outcomes is high.

References

(November 2020). "An evidence-based approach to nonoperative management of traumatic hemorrhagic shock in the emergency department.". Emergency Medicine Practice.
(January 2020). "Hypovolemic Shock". StatPearls.
(January 2020). "Hemorrhagic Shock". StatPearls.
(November 2020). "An evidence-based approach to nonoperative management of traumatic hemorrhagic shock in the emergency department.". Emergency Medicine Practice.
(January 2020). "Hemorrhagic Shock". StatPearls.
"Hemorrhagic Shock".
(January 2020). "Hypovolemic Shock". StatPearls.
(November 2020). "An evidence-based approach to nonoperative management of traumatic hemorrhagic shock in the emergency department.". Emergency Medicine Practice.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

bleeding medical-emergencies

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