Surf Wiki
Save to docs
general/eubacteriales

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Heliobacteria

Family of bacteria

Family of bacteria

  • Heliobacterium
  • "Ca. Helioclostridium"
  • Heliomicrobium
  • "Ca. Heliomonas"
  • Heliophilum
  • Heliorestis

Heliobacteria are a unique subset of bacteria that process light for energy. Distinguishable from other phototrophic bacteria, they utilize a unique photosynthetic pigment, bacteriochlorophyll g and are the only known Gram-positive phototroph. They are a key player in symbiotic nitrogen fixation alongside plants, and use a type I reaction center like green-sulfur bacteria.

RNA trees place the heliobacteria among the Bacillota. They have no outer membrane and like certain other Bacillota (Clostridia), they form heat-resistant endospores, which contain high levels of calcium and dipicolinic acid. Heliobacteria are the only Bacillota known to be phototrophic.

Metabolism

The heliobacteria are phototrophic: they convert light energy into chemical energy using a type I reaction center. The primary pigment involved is bacteriochlorophyll g, which is unique to the group and has a unique absorption spectrum; this gives the heliobacteria their own environmental niche. Phototrophic processes take place at the cell membrane, which does not form folds or compartments as it does in purple bacteria. Though heliobacteria are phototrophic, they can create energy without light using pyruvate fermentation, which generates significantly less energy than it could with light.

Heliobacteria are photoheterotrophic, requiring organic carbon sources, and they are exclusively anaerobic. Bacteriochlorophyll g is inactivated by the presence of oxygen, making them obligate anaerobes (they cannot survive in aerobic conditions). Heliobacteria have been found in soils, hot springs, soda lakes and are common in the waterlogged soils of paddy fields. They are avid nitrogen fixers, so are probably important in the fertility of paddy fields. Heliobacteria are mainly terrestrial phototrophs, contrary to the multitudes of others that are aquatic, and often form mutualistic relationships with the plants near them.

Taxonomy

Heliobacteria should not be confused with Helicobacter, which is a genus of bacteria with quite different characteristics.

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024120 marker proteins based GTDB 10-RS226
label1=Heliobacteriaceae

References

References

  1. [Madigan M T, Martinko J M, Dunlap P V, Clark D P. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th edition, p. 453-454].
  2. (2013-01-01). "Properties and Evolutionary Implications of the Heliobacterial Genome". Advances in Botanical Research.
  3. (2013-01-01). "Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry".
  4. (2009-01-01). "Encyclopedia of Microbiology".
  5. Heinickel and Golbeck 2007
  6. (2017-07-27). "Structure of a symmetric photosynthetic reaction center–photosystem". Science.
  7. Blankenship, Robert. (2014). "Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis". Wiley-Blackwell.
  8. "Fermentation, mitochondria and regulation {{!}} Biological Principles".
  9. (1995). "Taxonomy, Physiology and Ecology of Heliobacteria". Springer Netherlands.
  10. (1995-04-01). "Heliobacterium modesticaldum, sp. nov., a thermophilic heliobacterium of hot springs and volcanic soils". Archives of Microbiology.
  11. (2006-10-01). "Heliorestis convoluta sp. nov., a coiled, alkaliphilic heliobacterium from the Wadi El Natroun, Egypt". Extremophiles.
  12. (1999-08-01). "Heliorestis daurensis, gen. nov. sp. nov., an alkaliphilic rod-to-coiled-shaped phototrophic heliobacterium from a Siberian soda lake". Archives of Microbiology.
  13. (June 2010). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, and ecology of the heliobacteria". Photosynthesis Research.
  14. {{lpsn3. family/heliobacteriaceae. Heliobacteriaceae
  15. Schoch CL. "Heliobacteriaceae". [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database.
  16. "The LTP".
  17. "LTP_all tree in newick format".
  18. "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes".
  19. "GTDB release 10-RS226".
  20. "bac120_r226.sp_label".
  21. "Taxon History".
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

eubacteriales phototrophic-bacteria
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Heliobacteria — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report