He-Man

Development

In 1976, Mattel's CEO Ray Wagner declined a deal to produce a toy line of action figures based on the characters from Star Wars, due to the $750,000 license ($4,008,703.87 in 2023 dollars) required up front. Following the commercial success of the original Star Wars trilogy and its related merchandise, Mattel launched "...failed line after failed line, none of which captured the public's imagination or made a significant dent in the toy market."

In the race to design the next popular action figure, Roger Sweet—lead designer for Mattel's Preliminary Design Department—realized that simplicity was the key to success. He also knew, as he said in his 2005 book Mastering the Universe: He-Man and the Rise and Fall of a Billion-Dollar Idea, that the marketing department primarily needed to be persuaded that the toy would sell.

He argued that the generically named He-Man, a powerful figure, could apply to any context. In late 1980, he presented Wagner with three prototypes, which he created by gluing a Big Jim figure—another Mattel toy line—into a battle action pose, adding clay to its body, and having plaster casts made. One of these prototypes was the precursor to He-Man.

Appearances

Comics

Main article: Masters of the Universe (comics)

In the illustrated books released with the first series of toys, He-Man is a barbarian from an Eternian tribe. The planet's inhabitants were dealing with the aftermath of the Great Wars, which devastated the civilizations that once ruled supreme. The wars left behind advanced machinery and weaponry, known only to select people. The Sorceress of Castle Grayskull gave He-Man some of these weapons, and he set out to defend the secrets of Castle Grayskull from the evil Skeletor. He-Man possessed one-half of the Power Sword; Skeletor had the second half and used it as his main weapon. When joined, the two halves provide the key to Castle Grayskull. In one early illustrated story, He-Man and Skeletor united their two Power Sword halves to form the true Power Sword, defeating Trap Jaw.

''He-Man and the Masters of the Universe'' (2012)

Main article: He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2012 DC comic)

In June 2012, DC Comics began publishing a six-issue limited series, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, alongside the weekly digital-first series Masters of the Universe. In He-Man: The Eternity War, He-Man is shown as married to Teela.

Television

''He-Man and the Masters of the Universe'' (1983)

Main article: He-Man and the Masters of the Universe

In more than a few comic books and animated series, He-Man's (and She-Ra's) origins had been revised: his true identity was Prince Adam of Eternia, son of King Randor and Queen Marlena (an earthling), who gave birth to twins Prince Adam/He-Man and Princess Adora/She-Ra (Adora was abducted by the Evil Horde led by Hordak) and ruled the Kingdom of Eternia on the planet of the same name. The Sorceress of Castle Grayskull endowed Prince Adam with the power to transform into He-Man, which he did by raising his Power Sword and proclaiming, "By the power of Grayskull..." Once the transformation was complete, he would continue, "...I have the power!" The differences between Prince Adam and He-Man were minimal; He-Man had a slightly deeper voice, a different wardrobe, and slightly darker skin and hair.

Prince Adam's pet was a cowardly green tiger named Cringer. When Adam became He-Man, he transformed Cringer into a brave armored green tiger named Battle Cat by pointing his sword at him – an ability Adam discovered accidentally during one of his transformations into He-Man. Cringer cowered in fear at seeing what Adam had become; while reassuring him that nothing had changed, Adam pointed the sword of power at Cringer, which sent a bolt of energy toward the tiger and transformed him. Battle Cat served as He-Man's steed and fierce fighting companion ever since. In a couple of versions of He-Man, he can use his sword to change into different versions of He-Man depending on the type of battles he is in, and can also use his sword to give friends, allies (as seen in Revelation and the new CGI version of Masters of the Universe), and animals besides Cringer power and enhanced abilities.

Adam was friendly with Teela who, unbeknownst to her, was the daughter of the Sorceress and was adopted by Prince Adam's mentor Duncan/Man-At-Arms. Adam and Teela grew up together and now, as Captain of the Guard, she was entrusted to protect him. Unaware of his identity as He-Man, she saw Adam as lazy and cowardly, an act he keeps up to prevent people from discovering his secret identity.

Man-At-Arms was He-Man's closest companion and the Eternian royal family's innovator of technology and weapons. He often unveiled new weapons or devices to help He-Man. Castle Grayskull was the source of He-Man's powers, where the Sorceress lived, who granted Adam his transformative abilities and communicated telepathically with him. To protect his family He-Man kept his double identity a secret, sharing it only with Orko, Man-At-Arms, Cringer, and the Sorceress. He-Man's archenemy was Skeletor, a blue-skinned sorcerer with a yellow skull for a head. Skeletor was skilled in black magic and all forms of combat, being extremely cunning and intelligent. Skeletor was accompanied by a group of henchmen who aided his evil schemes.

The spin-off series She-Ra: Princess of Power revealed that Adam had a twin sister: Princess Adora, a leader of the Great Rebellion against Hordak on the planet Etheria. Adora, like Adam, was given the gift of the power of Grayskull and had her own sword which she used to transform into She-Ra, Princess of Power. He-Man made several appearances in the series.

A decade on from the cancellation of the Filmation cartoon series, Lou Scheimer pitched a sequel series to Mattel in 1995 called "He-Ro: Son of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe" in which He-Man was now King of Eternia, married to Teela, and had a son, Dare, who inherited the Sword of Power from him, using it to become the title character He-Ro, leading his comrades into battle against a returned Skeletor. The show was ultimately not picked up, although its premise has been embraced by fans as official canon and influenced the bios for the characters in the Masters of the Universe Classics toy line.

''He-Man & She-Ra: A Christmas Special'' (1985)

Main article: He-Man & She-Ra: A Christmas Special

''The New Adventures of He-Man'' (1990)

Main article: The New Adventures of He-Man

After the original Masters of the Universe toy line came to an end, Mattel sought to revive interest in He-Man by launching a new line simply titled He-Man. The mini-comics packaged with the figures introduced a revised storyline in which He-Man leaves Eternia and pursues Skeletor into deep space. Skeletor has set his ambitions on conquering the distant planet Primus, a world rich in advanced technological resources.

In this iteration, He-Man is portrayed as having fully abandoned his identity as Prince Adam. He establishes himself on Primus, where he leads a team of defenders known as the Galactic Guardians. His visual design was also reimagined for the new toy line: He-Man now wears a space helmet and golden armor, giving him a distinctly futuristic appearance, and his sword was redesigned to match this updated aesthetic.

A cartoon series was produced by Jetlag Productions to accompany the toy line, entitled The New Adventures of He-Man. Although generally following the storyline from the mini-comics, this series maintained the double identity of Prince Adam and He-Man. On the planet Primus, Prince Adam posed as a traveling merchant and the nephew of Master Serbian to disguise his secret identity. His transformation oath was altered slightly, to become "By the power of Eternia..."

''He-Man and the Masters of the Universe'' (2002)

Main article: He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2002 TV series)

To tie in with a new line of action figures based upon the original toyline, a new He-Man cartoon series was produced in 2002–03 by Mike Young Productions, titled He-Man and the Masters of the Universe and given the marketing subtitle "vs. the Snake Men" in its second season. This series retold the Masters of the Universe story from the beginning. He-Man's origin was told in a 90-minute series premiere, in which the 16-year-old Prince Adam was summoned to Castle Grayskull by the Sorceress to assume the identity of He-Man and his role as Eternia's defender.

The portrayal of his character in this series was consistent with Filmation's portrayal, although the character of Prince Adam was brasher and more youthfully energetic than his 1980s counterpart (conveying the image of a teenage boy saddled with the responsibility of defending a planet from evil). The Adam/He-Man character was redesigned, to make the character's secret identity more credible.

''Masters of the Universe: Revelation/Revolution'' (2021-2024)

Main article: Masters of the Universe: Revelation

''Masters of the Universe'' (CGI reboot, 2021)

Main article: He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2021 TV series)

In December 2019, it was announced that in addition to their other series, Netflix would also be developing a new Masters of the Universe series using CGI animation. Rob David developing the series, producing it alongside Adam Bonnett, Christopher Keenan, Jeff Matsuda, and Susan Corbin. Bryan Q. Miller serves as story editor on the series. Animation services were provided by House of Cool and CGCG Inc.

Film

''He-Man and She-Ra: The Secret of the Sword'' (1985 animated film)

Main article: The Secret of the Sword

''Masters of the Universe'' (1987 film)

Main article: Masters of the Universe (1987 film)

''Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers''

He-Man and Skeletor both make cameo appearances in the 2022 film Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers.

Reboot film

Main article: Masters of the Universe (2026 film)

On April 29, 2019, actor Noah Centineo confirmed in an appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon that he would be playing He-Man in the Masters of the Universe reboot film, which was due to begin production in July 2019 and set for a 2020 release. However, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, he pulled out of casting two years later. In January 2022, it was announced that Kyle Allen had been cast in the role, with filming to begin that summer. The movie was then canceled by Netflix and acquired by Amazon MGM. Nicholas Galitzine was cast as the character in May 2024.

Merchandise

''Masters of the Universe Classics'' (2008)

This action-figure line combined elements from the He-Man universe into a cohesive storyline with biographies on the figures' packaging. These biographies suggested that several "He-Men" have come into existence – such as Vikor (based on an early concept design for the vintage He-Man), Oo-Larr (based on the jungle He-Man from the first minicomic. Adam takes over as King of Eternia as King He-Man, marries Teela, and they have a son named Dare.

According to a book by Michael G. Cornelius, He-Man is considered a narrow definition of masculinity. Cornelius cited He-Man as the literal "strongest man in the universe" and says that his chief adversary Skeletor's primary weapon is his intellect, mirroring a Superman/Lex Luthor dichotomy.

Portrayals

• John Erwin (1985, 2005; He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, The Secret of the Sword, She-Ra: Princess of Power, He-Man & She-Ra: A Christmas Special, Family Guy (Prince Adam))
• Jack Wadsworth (1987; Masters of the Universe Power Tour)
• Dolph Lundgren (1987; Masters of the Universe)
• Doug Parker (1990; The New Adventures of He-Man (Prince Adam))
• Garry Chalk (1990; The New Adventures of He-Man (He-Man))
• Cam Clarke (2002–2005, 2016; He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2002), He-Man: Defender of Grayskull, He-Man: Tappers of Grayskull, He-Man: Tappers of Grayskull Miniseries)
• David A. Kaye (2002–2003; He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2002) (Prince Adam, young))
• Chris Wood (2021–2024; Masters of the Universe: Revelation)
• Yuri Lowenthal (2021; He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2021))
• Nicholas Galitzine (2026; Masters of the Universe)

Additional voice actors

• Burr Middleton (1982; Mattel commercial)
• Keith Scott (1985; Streets commercial)
• Rich Orlow (2017; GEICO commercial)
• Alan Oppenheimer (2022; Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers)

Parodies

• Macaulay Culkin (2005; Robot Chicken (Prince Adam))
• Adam Talbott (2005; Robot Chicken)
• Patrick Pinney (2007–2008, 2011–2012, 2018; Robot Chicken)
• Kevin Urban (2014; Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff)
• Seth Green (2014; Robot Chicken)
• Chris Pratt (2014; Saturday Night Live)

Interpretation as gay

Main article: He-Man as a gay icon

David Chlopecki argues that Prince Adam's appearance, such as his pink spandex clothing, conforms to gay stereotypes, while NPR said the character's appearance adds to the show's gay subtext because He-Man's outfit resembles those of leather subculture, and including a bondage harness, which in the 1980s was considered to be homoerotic imagery. Attention has also been paid to Adam's transformation into He-Man through what one of his origin stories describes as his "fabulous powers" and his sword, which Comic Book Resources's Anthony Gramuglia described as "phallic".

The character's double life has also been noted as queer subtext. According to Battis, Adam's need to "hide his true identity as [He-Man]" is one of the show's key queer aspects. British newspaper The Daily Telegraph noted fan interpretations that the character's dual identity represents a man's struggle to accept his sexuality; Prince Adam is closeted while He-Man is "out-and-proud". Writing for The Johns Hopkins News-Letter, Matt Johnson described the series' depiction of He-Man as a "thinly veiled treatise on the state of gay male sexuality in the eighties".

Adam B. Vary said the original cartoon series contains gay subtext, which the live-action movie Masters of the Universe almost turns into explicit text, portraying a "tragic unrequited romance between He-Man and Skeletor", singling out Skeletor's "warped obsession" with He-Man and He-Man never showing an interest in women. The homoeroticism of He-Man's relationship with Man-at-Arms was highlighted in a re-cut trailer uploaded to YouTube titled "Brokeback Snake Mountain".

Gay icon and fandom

The perceived homoerotic subtexts in He-Man resulted in the character and show drawing a gay audience when the cartoon first aired, and as a result, the character is now viewed as a gay icon. Men's Health reported gay men were one of the three core groups that were collectors of He-Man toys at conventions, alongside body builders and law-enforcement. ND Stevenson, the creator, showrunner, and executive producer of She-Ra and the Princesses of Power (2018–20) has also stated that He-Man—alongside She-Ra—is a gay icon, and the character's LGBT fanbase has been credited as helping provide support for the inclusion of openly gay characters in the reboot.

Sex appeal

When development on a live-action remake of the film was first-announced, LGBT lifestyle magazine Out also described the original series as "one of the gayest ... cartoons of all time", and said the 1987 film "turn[ed] an entire generation of boys at least a little gay". Instinct magazine's Gerald Biggerstaff described the original cartoon as being quite popular with gay men who grew up in the 1980s and 90s, and that for many of them, He-Man "prompted [their] gay awakenings". In 2003, HX Magazine editors compiled a list of must-see television series with attractive male leads, with He-Man as himself and based on his appearance in the 2002 reboot—the only animated character to make the list—being described as the "object of all our childhood wet dreams". British magazine Gay Times compiled a list of cartoon characters their editors were attracted to while growing up; He-Man was at the top of the list, taking note of Dolph Lundgren's depiction of him in the live-action film. In the same publication, actor Andrew Hayden-Smith said 2016 he realized he was gay while playing with his He-Man figure as a child, being attracted to the character's physique—particularly his pecs.

Response from Mattel and insiders

According to Mark Morse, Mattel's director of global marketing from 2008 to 2017, by 2018, when a "Laughing Prince Adam" action figure was released, the question of He-Man's sexuality and whether a future installment in the franchise should have him be openly gay had not been discussed. In an interview with gay lifestyle online magazine Queerty, Rob David and Tim Sheridan, who work on the show Masters of the Universe: Revelation, discussed the character's homoeroticism and gay fanbase. According to David, who is an executive producer of Revelation and Mattel's Vice President of Creative Content, Mattel is "very comfortable" with He-Man's gay audience and the perception of the character as a gay icon.

Notes

References

Bibliography

References

1. [https://marques.expert/mattel-france/musclor-1247575.html# Officially registered by ''MATTEL France''; officially and specifically used in France and French-speaking countries]
2. [https://shop.mattel.com/fr-ca/collections/masters-of-the-universe Official website of ''MATTEL Canada'' in French language (using preferably the name "Musclor" and not "He-Man")]
3. (April 26, 1985). "He-man really a marshmallow superhero". The Milwaukee Journal.
4. Dan Eardley. (April 15, 2021). "The Toys of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe". Dark Horse Comics.
5. (1984-12-18). "HE-MAN, A PRINCELY HERO, CONQUERS THE TOY MARKET". The New York Times.
6. Levisohn, Benjamin. (September 25, 2005). "Mastering the Universe: He-Man and the Rise and Fall of a Billion-Dollar Idea by Roger Sweet and David Wecker". [[Pop Matters]].
7. (April 18, 2006). "The Birth of He-Man". [[The Sneeze (blog)]].
8. Sweet, Roger; David, Wecker ''Mastering the Universe : He-Man and the Rise and Fall of a Billion-Dollar Idea'', Emmis Books July 11, 2005, {{ISBN. 1-57860-223-8
9. Glut, Donald F.. (September 5, 2020). "He-man and the Power Sword". Mattel.
10. Manning, Shaun. (July 28, 2011). "CCI EXCLUSIVE: Seeley Scripts New Adventures of He-Man". [[Comic Book Resources]].
11. Zalbenal. (April 6, 2012). "EXCLUSIVE! DC Comics Launches Brand New 'He-Man and the Masters of The Universe' Comic From Writer James Robinson".
12. (May 17, 2012). "Philip Tan Calls on Power of Grayskull for New HE-MAN Design". [[Newsarama]].
13. Zawisza, Doug. (July 5, 2012). "''He-Man and the Masters of the Universe'' #1". [[Comic Book Resources]].
14. ''He-Man: The Eternity War'' #15 (April 2016). DC Comics.
15. (January 7, 1985). "Video: A He Man for All Seasons".
16. (October 19, 2005). "He-Man and the Masters of the Universe – Season One, Volume One". [[IGN]].
17. Hart, Hugh. (August 11, 2002). "Who da man? 'He-Man'". San Francisco Chronicle.
18. (January 30, 2009). "Panda director 'for He-Man movie". [[BBC News]].
19. Villarreal, Phil. (August 4, 2006). "Phil Villarreal's Review: Still a surefire hit with 6-year-olds". [[Arizona Daily Star]].
20. Hendrickson, Dale. (November 7, 2006). "Remembering She-Ra and He-Man: Interview with Lou Scheimer". [[Animation World Network]].
21. (August 4, 2006). "The Best of She-Ra: Princess of Power Review". [[IGN]].
22. Wharton, David. (January 27, 2017). "15 Things You Didn't Know About He-Man And The Masters Of The Universe". [[Screen Rant]].
23. (2012-06-25). "Masters Cast – Episode 45".
24. "DVD Review: The New Adventures of He-Man – Volume 1". The Trades.
25. Douglass, Todd. (December 26, 2006). "DVD Review: The New Adventures of He-Man – Volume 1". [[DVD Talk]].
26. Owen, Rob. (August 16, 2002). "On the Tube: Cartoon Network brings He-Man, the Masters back for 20th anniversary". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
27. Shaffer, R.L.. (October 15, 2009). "He-Man and the Masters of the Universe: The Complete Series (2002) DVD Review". [[IGN]].
28. Mowatt, Raoul V. (August 16, 2002). "Improved 'He-Man' series heads to Cartoon Network". Chicago Tribune.
29. Siwek, Daniel. (February 19, 2008). "He-Man and the Masters of the Universe: Season One, Volume One". [[DVD Talk]].
30. "Masters of the Universe 2002": The Power Returns, In Style". Toon Zone.
31. Boucher, Geoff. (December 16, 2019). "'He-Man & The Masters Of The Universe': Netflix And Mattel Return To Greyskull For CG Series". Deadline.
32. Price, Joe. (May 20, 2022). "Listen to Post Malone's Theme Song for New 'Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers' Movie". [[Complex Networks]].
33. Seemayer, Zach. (April 29, 2019). "Noah Centineo Confirms He's Playing He-Man in 'Masters of the Universe': 'I Am Very Excited'". [[Entertainment Tonight]].
34. (April 29, 2021). "Noah Centineo No Longer Playing He-Man in 'Masters of the Universe'".
35. (January 28, 2022). "'Masters Of The Universe' Live-Action Mattel Movie Heads To Netflix After Being In Development At Sony; Kyle Allen To Play He-Man".
36. Galuppo, Mia. (May 29, 2024). "'Masters of the Universe' Casts 'Idea of You' Star Nicholas Galitzine".
37. (May 29, 2024). "Nicholas Galitzine To Play He-Man In Amazon MGM & Mattel's 'Masters Of The Universe'".
38. (February 24, 2011). "There's No Disguising That MOTUC Preternia Disguise He-Man Is A Great Action Figure!". [[MTV]].
39. (2021-11-23). "Masters of the Universe: Revelation Part 2 Review – Until Next Time!".
40. "King He-Man".
41. Michael G. Cornelius. (August 19, 2011). "Of Muscles and Men: Essays on the Sword and Sandal Film".
42. "Voice of Prince Adam in Family Guy".
43. (March 15, 1987). "Mattel Tries to Stage a Revival: Floundering He-Man Brought to Life and Told to Hit the Road". Los Angeles Times.
44. (29 March 2023). "The FIRST Animated He-Man – The story of the "Lost" Mattel Commercial". YouTube.
45. "Voice of He-Man in GEICO".
46. "Voice of He-Man in Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers".
47. "Voice(s) of Prince Adam in Robot Chicken".
48. "Voice(s) of He-Man in Robot Chicken".
49. "Voice of He-Man in Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff".
50. (28 September 2014). "He-Man and Lion-O – SNL". YouTube.
51. (January 29, 2018). "Why one expert says He-Man is the 'gayest show ever'". [[Syfy]].
52. . (July 24, 2021). ["Show, Don't Mattel: 'Masters Of The Universe: Revelation' Is Toying With You"](https://www.npr.org/2021/07/24/1017915277/show-dont-mattel-masters-of-the-universe-revelation-is-toying-with-you?t=1633213432846). *[[NPR]]*.
53. (May 18, 2020). "Fabulous Secret Powers: Masters of the Universe's LGBTQ Fandom". Valnet Inc..
54. (May 20, 2019). "25 Cartoon Characters Who Should Just Come Out Already". Pride Media.
55. (January 28, 2016). "The long and speculative history of gay characters on children's TV shows – He-Man".
56. (October 4, 2001). "How man is He-Man?".
57. (June 21, 2011). "Who is the coolest 'He-Man' character?". [[Meredith Corporation]].
58. (October 22, 2013). ""Masters Of The Universe" Is Actually A Tragic Gay Love Story Between He-Man And Skeletor".
59. (October 10, 2017). "Queer Heroes: 15 Superheroes Who Are Gay Icons". Valnet Inc..
60. (July 26, 2020). "Out In Comics 33: Virtually Yours – Comic-Con@Home 2020".
61. (June 28, 2016). "Kellan Lutz in Talks to Play He-Man in ''Masters of the Universe'' Reboot". Pride Media.
62. (May 14, 2021). "Netflix Sets Date For Sequel Series of Eighties Cartoon, 'He-Man'". Juki Media.
63. (February 28, 2003). "Homo Must See TV". HX Magazine.
64. (2010). "Cartoons We've Fancied". Millivres Prowler Group Ltd..
65. (November 2016). "My Gay Life". Millivres Prowler Limited.
66. (July 23, 2021). "'He-Man' writers on character's enduring homoeroticism in 'Masters of the Universe: Revelation'". Q.Digital.