Haute-Marne

History

Haute-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Champagne, Burgundy, Lorraine and Franche-Comté.

The Thirty Years' War brought new hardship, but under the Bourbons, Haute-Marne suffered relatively little. It had valleys with rich soils, plentiful supplies of wood for construction, iron for metal production, and a growing wine industry. There were Jesuit colleges in Langres and Chaumont. -- In March 1814 the departmental prefecture, Chaumont, was the unwitting witness to the end of the First Empire. On 1 March, Prussia, Russia, the United Kingdom and Austria signed an accord forbidding any individual peace deal with Napoleon I, and to fight until his final defeat.

During World War II, Haute-Marne was partitioned under German occupation. The canal which runs from the Marne to the Saône served as a border, dividing the department into east and west. The east was a "reserved zone", intended for the creation of a new German (Ripuarian) state, whereas to the west would be the traditional "occupied zone". Haute-Marne was finally liberated by the Allies, in the form of the division of General Leclerc, between August and September 1944. La Guerre de Trente Ans amènent de nouveaux périls, mais sous les Bourbons l'actuelle Haute-Marne est relativement épargnée par les guerres. Les vallées sont de bonnes terres agricoles, les forges et les hauts-fourneaux se multiplient, le minerais de fer est abondant dans la moitié Nord du département, la vigne se développe, les forêts sont de plus en plus exploitées, des collèges Jésuites fonctionnent à Langres et Chaumont.

En 1814 Chaumont est le témoin involontaire de la fin prochaine du Ier Empire. En effet le 1er mars la Prusse, la Russie, l'Angleterre et l'Autriche signent un accord où elles s'engagent à ne pas conclure de paix séparée et à combattre l'empereur Napoléon Ier jusqu'à sa défaite finale.

Pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale la Haute-Marne est divisée sous l'occupation allemande. Le canal de la Marne à la Saône (qui traverse le département dans sa longueur du Nord au Sud) sert de frontière : à l'Est la "zone réservée", destinée à la création d'un pays thiois, et à l'Ouest la traditionnelle "zone occupée". La Haute-Marne est libérée par les Alliés, notamment par la division du Général Leclerc, entre fin Août et début Septembre 1944.

Geography

Haute-Marne is part of the region of Grand Est and is surrounded by the departments of Meuse, Vosges, Haute-Saône, Côte-d'Or, Aube, and Marne.

The highest mountain is Haut-du-Sac, in the Langres Plateau, in the southwest of the department, which rises to a height of 516 m. The lowest points at 117 m are found on the plains of Perthois and Der.

The department is named after the river Marne, whose source is near Langres. This river covers 120 km within the department. The department is to the east of the Parisian basin, and is characterised by a concentric sequence of cliff faces of varying geological origin, oriented northeast–southwest.

Il est situé à l’est du bassin parisien et est caractérisé par une suite concentrique de fronts de côtes dont la nature géologique varie (du crétacé aux alluvions quaternaires) et orientés nord-est / sud-ouest.

Le sud du département est largement occupé par le plateau de Langres, où se trouve le point culminant de la Haute-Marne (le Haut du Sec – 516 mètres). Il va ensuite en s’épanchant vers le centre pour terminer vers les plaines du Perthois et du Der, où se situent ses points les plus bas (Puellemontier – 117 mètres). --

Principal towns

The most populous commune is Saint-Dizier; the prefecture Chaumont is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 3,000 inhabitants:

Demographics

Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:|graph-pos=bottom

Tourism

The Haute-Marne department is not a famous department but this peaceful territory has numerous interesting places to visit. Indeed, the department was one of the most powerful in French history thanks to metallurgy economy and was a land of confrontations along history.

Thus, among other examples, the French Wars of Religion (from 1562 to 1598) began with the Massacre of Vassy in the north of the Haute-Marne department. Following this event, open military conflicts across France Kingdom began. The Edict of Nantes is the consequence of this period.

The fortified town of Langres, famous for Denis Diderot author of the Encyclopédie, the Renaissance castle of Joinville, the Lake Der-Chantecoq (one of the biggest artificial lake in Europe), the Chateau de Cirey where Voltaire lived for a while with Émilie du Châtelet and the village of Colombey-les-Deux-Églises where Charles De Gaulle lived until his death are all major attractions.

Haute-Marne is also well known for some famous French great men and women as:

• Louise Michel
• Camille Flammarion and his brother Ernest Flammarion
• Goncourt brothers most famous all around the world with the Prix Goncourt, literature prize given by the académie Goncourt for "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year"
• Albin Michel

File:2012 0057 Remparts de Langres.jpg|View from the walls of Langres File:La Boisserie 04.jpg|Charles de Gaulle's private residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises File:Épée 193.JPG|Frankish sword discovered in Saint-Dizier File:Joinville-Eglise (18).jpg|Joinville File:FR52 Cirey-sur-Blaise Château.jpg|Château of Cirey-sur-Blaise

Politics

Charles de Gaulle was a longtime resident of the department, in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, and died there on 9 November 1970, at the age of 79.

The president of the Departmental Council is Nicolas Lacroix, elected in 2017.

Presidential elections 2nd round

Current National Assembly Representatives

References

References

1. (4 May 2022). "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux".
2. [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep52.pdf Populations légales 2019: 52 Haute-Marne], INSEE
3. ''Haute-Marne'', Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia. Research Machines plc. September 8, 2005. accessed on October 19, 2006.
4. "Historique de la Haute-Marne".
5. "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
6. l'Intérieur, Ministère de. "Présidentielles".
7. "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania".
8. https://ecpmlangues.unistra.fr/cartes/elec-pres-1988-2-dep-gagnant
9. Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français".