Haris, Salfit

Location

Haris is 5.11 km north-west of Salfit. It is bordered by Kifl Haris to the east, Salfit and Bruqin to the south, Sarta and Qarawat Bani Hassan to the west, and Deir Istiya to the north.

History

It has been suggested (by Félix-Marie Abel, 1927, supported by Michael Avi-Yonah) that Hares is identical with ancient Arus (), a town that Josephus reported was destroyed or plundered by Arab troops of Varus' army circa 4 BCE. No sherds from that era have been found here.

Sherds from the Mamluk era have been found here. In 1359 it is mentioned by Ibn Kadi as a place bought by the Sultan.

Khirbet a-Tell

East of the village is Kh. a-Tell, a prominent hill featuring remains from various periods. Potsherds recovered at the site spans the Middle Bronze Age II, Iron Age I–II, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and medieval periods.

The site is understood to preserve the remains of a Hellenistic-period fortress. The structure, measuring approximately 60 by 40 meters, was built of well-dressed limestone. Some sections are preserved up to 2.5 meters high, and the base of a large tower is visible on the northwest corner. The internal layout has been obscured by later cultivation. Archaeologist Shimon Dar identified the site with the estate of Ptolemy of Rhodes, a senior official under Herod the Great who, according to Josephus, owned property at Arus (possibly on land inherited by Herod from the Hasmonean dynasty). The area's fertile land, extensive terracing, and proximity to ancient road networks suggest the fort may have served both as an administrative estate center and a military outpost within a royal domain.

Ottoman era

In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and potsherds from the early Ottoman period have been found.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the village formed part of the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south and the present Route 5 in the north, and between Majdal Yābā in the west and Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east, this area served, according to historian Roy Marom, "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the Jerusalem and the Nablus regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the Bedouin tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities."

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted it as a village, Harith, in the Jurat Merda district, south of Nablus.

In 1870 Guérin observed here a building used as a mosque, divided into three naves separated by marble columns of different sizes, and evidently ancient. 'On a neighbouring Tell, which commands the village, are the ruins of an ancient tower. The spot is now planted with olives. Two ancient tombs and several cisterns cut in the rock once belonged to the ancient city which stood here.'

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village with a population of 50 households in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Awwal, subordinate to Nablus.

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Haris as "a medium sized village on high ground built of stone, and supplied by cisterns. It has rock-cut tombs and is probably an ancient site; there are fine olive groves round it."

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Haris (called: Hares) had a population of 285, all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 394, except for one Christian all were Muslim, in a total of 99 houses.

In the 1945 statistics the population was 540, all Muslims, while the total land area was 8,391 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,545 were used for plantations and irrigable land, 1,341 for cereals, while 21 dunams were classified as built-up areas.

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Haris came under Jordanian rule.

In 1961, the population was 726.

Post-1967

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Haris has been held under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, about 6% of village land was classified as Area B land, while the remaining 94% was classified as Area C.

Loss of land

Haris has been directly affected by the construction of the wall on the West Bank and the settlements surrounding Ariel and the Barkan Industrial Park. ARIJ, a Palestinian research institute lists the losses as follows:

In late October 2014, Israel expropriated a further 20 dunams (5 acres) of land, near the Israeli settlement of Barkan.

On May 24, 2020, Israeli Settlers from the Revava settlement, located on the lands of Haris, northwest of Salfit Governorate, uprooted and stolen more than 150–200 olive trees. The Palestinian Colonization and Wall Resistance Commission began performing Peaceful Sit-in every Friday in the lands of Haris since May 29, 2020.

References

Bibliography

References

1. [http://vprofile.arij.org/salfit/pdfs/vprofile/Haris_vp_en.pdf Haris Village Profile], ARIJ, p. 4
2. (February 2018). "Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017". [[State of Palestine]].
3. Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/229/mode/1up 229]
4. Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'', 17:10:9-289; ''The'' ''Jewish War'' 2:5:1-69
5. Avi-Yonah, M.. (1976). "Gazetteer of Roman Palestine". Qedem.
6. Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 454
7. Dar, 1986, p. 221–223
8. Finkelstein et al, 1996, p. 451
9. It appeared in the 1596 [[Defter. tax-records]] as ''Harit'', located in the ''[[Nahiya]]'' of Jabal Qubal, part of the [[Nablus Sanjak. Sanjak of Nablus]]. The population was 21 households, all [[Muslim]]. They paid a fixed tax sum of 12,000 [[akçe]], in addition to taxes on "agnan", bee hives, and occasional revenues; a total of 13,300 [[akçe]].Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 131
10. Marom, Roy. (2022-11-01). "Jindās: A History of Lydda's Rural Hinterland in the 15th to the 20th Centuries CE". Lod, Lydda, Diospolis.
11. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/127/mode/1up 127]
12. Guérin, 1875, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n184/mode/1up 159]–160; as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/322/mode/1up 322]
13. Grossman, David. (2004). "Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine". Magnes Press.
14. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/284/mode/1up 284]
15. Barron, 1923, Table IX, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n27/mode/1up 25]
16. Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 61]
17. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p18.jpg 18]
18. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Nablus/Page-059.jpg 59]
19. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Nablus/Page-106.jpg 106]
20. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Nablus/Page-156.jpg 156]
21. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p26.pdf 26]
22. [http://vprofile.arij.org/salfit/pdfs/vprofile/Haris_vp_en.pdf Haris Village Profile], ARIJ, 2013, p. 17
23. ARIJ, [http://poica.org/2008/12/new-palestinian-houses-threatened-of-demolition-by-the-israeli-occupation-authorities/ New Palestinian houses threatened of Demolition by the Israeli Occupation Authorities], 2 December 2008
24. link. (2014-12-01 , [[Ma'an News Agency]] 23 October 2014)
25. "Settlers of "Revava" cut down 150 olive saplings in Haris Vallage / Salfit governorate – POICA".
26. [https://www.ochaopt.org/poc/12-may-1-june-2020 Protection of Civilians Report. 12 May – 1 June 2020]