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Haplogroup O-M268

Y-chromosome DNA Haplogroup O1b (formerly O2)

Field	Value
name	O-M268
origin-date	34,100 or 29,200 ybp
33,181 [95% CI 36,879 24,461] ybp
30,100 [95% CI 27,800 32,400] ybp
origin-place	Southeast Asia or East Asia
TMRCA	31,108 [95% CI 34,893 22,844] ybp
ancestor	O1 (O-F265)
descendants	O1b1 (K18), O1b2 (P49)
mutations	P31, M268, L690/F167, F256/M1341, Y9038/FGC19644, L463/F330, M1461, F138, Y9317, FGC55566, F292/M1363, CTS4164, CTS6713/M1396, CTS5785/M1377, F435/M1417, F516, M1455
members	Austroasiatic-speaking peoples, Tai peoples, Hlai, Balinese, Javanese, Japanese, Ryukyuans, Koreans, Malagasy

|origin-date=34,100 or 29,200 ybp

33,181 [95% CI 36,879 24,461] ybp

30,100 [95% CI 27,800 32,400] ybp |origin-place=Southeast Asia or East Asia

Haplogroup O-M268 (former name) is a Y-DNA that descends from O1 (O-F265), however, it is now referred to as O1b.

Origin

The authors of a study published in 2011 have suggested China as being the early birthplace of O1b.

Other studies suggest a complex origin that is inconclusive because of rising seawater to the east of China (which may have been a walkable land mass).

Despite such studies, descendants of O1b suggest two primary migration paths from Southeast China:

Korea & Japan
Southeast Asia

This suggestion aims to draw an intersection to support the theory of both migration paths being in opposite spectrums geographically in East Asia.

There has also been recent suggestions that Korea plays a major role in the origin of O1b.

Distribution

O1b is distributed with varying frequencies among these populations:

Japanese
Koreans
Chinese
Southeast Asians

As of right now, it is inconclusive as to what frequency pertains to each population due to lack of accurate data.

Specific descendants (subclades) of O1b can be found at YFULL and ISOGG.

The two primary descendants are:

O1b1
O1b2

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic History

Main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)	(α)	(β)	(γ)
(δ)	(ε)	(ζ)	(η)
O-M175	26	VII	1U
O-M119	26	VII	1U
O-M101	26	VII	1U
O-M50	26	VII	1U
O-P31	26	VII	1U
O-M95	26	VII	1U
O-M88	26	VII	1U
O-SRY465	20	VII	1U
O-47z	5	VII	1U
O-M122	26	VII	1U
O-M121	26	VII	1U
O-M164	26	VII	1U
O-M159	13	VII	1U
O-M7	26	VII	1U
O-M113	26	VII	1U
O-M134	26	VII	1U
O-M117	26	VII	1U
O-M162	26	VII	1U

Original Research Publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

α and
β
γ
δ
ε
ζ
η

Phylogenetic Trees

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup O subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research.

O-P31 (P31, M268)
- O-K18
  - O-CTS4040 Mainly found in Han Chinese and occasionally found in Chinese (Dai), Manchu, Thailand (Phuan, Tai Yuan, Thai), Vietnam, the Philippines, West Kalimantan, Qatar, Hazara, Japan, Korea; accounts for approximately 3.20% of all Y-DNA in present-day China
    - O-MF56251 Found in Thailand (Central Thai, Tai Yuan, Phuan), Vietnam (Nùng, Tày), and southern China (Yao, Zhuang, and Han in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Sichuan, and Jiangsu)
    - O-Page59 Found in approximately 3.10% of all males in present-day China, with some presence also in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other countries
      - O-CTS9996 Found in approximately 0.37% of all males in present-day China
      - O-Z24309
        
        O-F417
        
        O-CTS1451 Found in approximately 0.15% of all males in present-day China
        
        O-F840 Found in approximately 0.40% of all males in present-day China
        
        O-F4070 Found in approximately 2.20% of all males in present-day China
        
        O-MF106398
        
        O-F993
        
        O-MF107014
        
        O-MF61620
        
        O-F1759
        
        O-MF106881
        
        O-CTS4936
        
        O-F3346
        
        O-MF17816
        
        O-F2064
        
        O-F3314
        
        O-Z24380
        
        O-F3323 Found in approximately 2.00% of all males in present-day China, with especially dense distribution in Taiwan, Shandong, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Jiangsu
  - O-PK4
    - O-F838 Found in Han Chinese and in a specimen from medieval South Kazakhstan ascribed to the Turks; probably also present in Thailand (Kaleun, Phuan, Thai), Hanoi, Ambon, Ayeyarwady Region, and Xinlong County
    - O-M95 (M95)
      - O-CTS350
        
        O-CTS350* Found in Japan
        
        O-CTS10007 Found in Han Chinese in Hunan
      - O-M1310
        
        O-F1252
        
        O-SK1630/F5504 China (Shaanxi), Russia (Ryazan Oblast)
        
        O-SK1636
        
        O-F2924
        
        O-CTS5854 Found in China (Han, Dai), Laos, Thailand, Japan, and the Philippines
        
        O-M88 (M88, M111) Found in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, China (Dai, Buyi, Zhuang, Li, Shui, She, Miao, Yao, De'ang, Bulang, Qiang, Tujia, Lisu, Achang, Nu, Lahu, Jinuo, Hani, Yi, Bai, Han), Taiwan (Han, Bunun, Yami), Java, Borneo, Malaysia, the Philippines
        
        O-F789/M1283 Found in China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore (Malay), Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and India
- O-P49 (M176, SRY465, P49, 022454) Japan, South Korea, China, Mongolia, Vietnam, Micronesia
  - O-P49*(xPage92) Japan, South Korea
  - O-Page92
    - O-Page90 Japan (Hiroshima), Jilin
    - O-CTS9259
      - O-CTS562 Beijing (Han), South Korea, Japan (Fukushima)
      - O-K10/F1204
        
        O-K10* Japan (Tokyo)
        
        O-CTS10687 Japan, Mongolia
        
        O-K7/CTS11723/47z Found in approximately 24% of Japanese males and with lower frequency in Korea and China
        
        O-BY130355 Sichuan
        
        O-K2/CTS713
        
        O-K2* Japan (Tokyo, Aomori), South Korea
        
        O-CTS203 Japan (Tokyo, Miyagi), Henan
        
        O-K14
        
        O-K14* Shanxi
        
        O-M776 Japan (Tokyo)
        
        O-Z24594
        
        O-Z24594* South Korea
        
        O-CTS56 Japan (Tokyo, Kumamoto)
        
        O-Y178266 Japan (Tokyo), Beijing
        
        O-Z24599
        
        O-Z24599* Japan (Tokyo, Yamaguchi)
        
        O-K473 Japan (Tokyo)
        
        O-Y181118 South Korea (Busan), Hebei
        
        O-K4
        
        O-K3/F940 Hunan (Han), Jiangxi, Henan (Han)
        
        O-F940* Hunan, Jiangxi
        
        O-K481 Hunan (Han)
        
        O-L682 Found in approximately 19% of South Korean males and with lower frequency in Japan and China
        
        O-L682* Shanxi
        
        O-K485
        
        O-K485* Japan (Tokyo)
        
        O-CTS723
        
        O-CTS723* South Korea
        
        O-A23652
        
        O-A23652* Japanese
        
        O-A23653
        
        O-A23653* Japanese, South Korea
        
        O-A23658
        
        O-A23658* South Korea
        
        O-Y165475 South Korea
        
        O-Y24057
        
        O-Y24057* Shandong
        
        O-A12448
        
        O-A12448* South Korea (incl. Daegu)
        
        O-PH40 Beijing (Han), Shandong, South Korea, Japan
        
        O-MF14220 South Korea
        
        O-Y26376/CTS7620 Japan, South Korea
        
        O-MF14346 South Korea
        
        O-Y26377
        
        O-Y26377* Japan (Okayama), Hezhen
        
        O-CTS1175 Japan (Kochi, Tokyo)

References

Footnotes

Works cited

Journals

Websites

Sources for conversion tables

References

G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, ''et al.'', "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." ''Nat Genet.'' 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
Monika Karmin, Rodrigo Flores, Lauri Saag, Georgi Hudjashov, Nicolas Brucato, Chelzie Crenna-Darusallam, Maximilian Larena, Phillip L Endicott, Mattias Jakobsson, J Stephen Lansing, Herawati Sudoyo, Matthew Leavesley, Mait Metspalu, François-Xavier Ricaut, and Murray P Cox, "Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages," ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'', Volume 39, Issue 3, March 2022, msac045, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac045
[https://www.yfull.com/tree/O/ YFull] Haplogroup YTree v5.04 at 16 May 2017
Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Shi-Lin Li, Li Jin, and The Genographic Consortium, "An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2011) 19, 1013–1015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64
https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-CTS4040/detail
https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-Page59/detail
https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-CTS9996/detail
https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-CTS1451/detail
https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F840/detail
https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F4070/detail
https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/family/61af046e677bf50006a80818
Jean A Trejaut, Estella S Poloni, Ju-Chen Yen, ''et al.'' (2014), "Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia." ''BMC Genetics'' 2014, 15:77. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/15/77
Peter de Barros Damgaard, Nina Marchi, Simon Rasmussen, ''et al.'' (2018), "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes." ''Nature'' volume 557, pages 369–374 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2
Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Leonardo Arias, Enrico Macholdt, Alexander Hübner, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Contrasting Paternal and Maternal Genetic Histories of Thai and Lao Populations." ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' Advance Access publication April 12, 2019. {{doi. 10.1093/molbev/msz083
Min-Sheng Peng, Jun-Dong He, Long Fan, ''et al.'' (2013), "Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' (2013), 1–5. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272
Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, ''et al.'' (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." ''PLoS ONE'' 9(8): e103772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103772
Monika Karmin, Lauri Saag, Mário Vicente, ''et al.'', "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture." ''Genome Research'' 25:1–8; ISSN 1088-9051/15; www.genome.org
Pille Hallast, Chiara Batini, Daniel Zadik, ''et al.'' (2015), "The Y-Chromosome Tree Bursts into Leaf: 13,000 High-Confidence SNPs Covering the Majority of Known Clades." ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' 2015 Mar;32(3):661-73. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu327
[https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/o-3/dna-results O Y-Haplogroup Project] at Family Tree DNA
So Yeun Kwon, Hwan Young Lee, Eun Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Confirmation of Y haplogroup tree topologies with newly suggested Y-SNPs for the C2, O2b and O3a subhaplogroups." ''Forensic Science International: Genetics'' 19 (2015) 42–46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.06.003
[https://www.familytreedna.com/public/y-dna-haplotree/O Y-DNA Haplotree at Family Tree DNA]

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