Haplogroup IJK

Distribution and structure

IJK has not been reported in modern populations or in ancient human remains. Previously, basal paragroup HIJK* was reported in a Mesolithic European (Magdalenian), GoyetQ-2, and Upper Paleolithic European (Gravettian), Vestonice16. However, in a later study in 2023 with high quality sequencing of Magdalenian, GoyetQ-2, Gravettian, Vestonice16, the ancient human remains were assigned with Haplogroup I.

Populations with high proportions of males who belong to descendant major haplogroups of Haplogroup HIJK live across widely dispersed areas and populations. Subclades of IJK are now concentrated in males native to:

• Europe (e. g. haplogroups I, J, R and N);
• the Caucasus, Near East and North East Africa (e.g. haplogroups J and T);
• South Asia (e.g. haplogroups J, L and R);
• East Asia，Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Pacific (e. g. haplogroups K, M, O, P, S)
• Northern Eurasia, (e.g. haplogroups N and Q) and;
• Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q and R).

Structure

Basic phylogeny

• IJK
  • IJK (L15/S137, L16/S138, L69.1(=G)/S163.1)
    • IJ (M429/P125, P123, P124, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22)
    • K (M9, P128, P131, P132)

Phylogenetic tree

dating from 45,000 BP ) → NO1 (K2a)

† = A basal haplogroup that has not been documented among living individuals.

(Based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research.)

Mutation

L15

The defining SNP L15 is located at Y chromosomal location rs9786139 with the ancestral value being A and the derived value being G.

L16

The defining SNP L16 is at location rs9786714 with the ancestral value being G and the derived value being A.

References

References

1. The remains of Ust'-Ishim man, dating from 45,000 BP have been found to be NO*, meaning that IJK must be significantly older. [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v514/n7523/extref/nature13810-s1.pdf]
2. "FTDNA Advanced SNP Descriptions".
3. (2016). "The genetic history of Ice Age Europe". Nature.
4. (March 2023). "Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers". Nature.
5. [http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140819/ncomms5689/fig_tab/ncomms5689_F2.html" caption caption="Mark Lipson et al (2014)]
6. (2014). "Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia". Nature.
7. Tatiana M. Karafet, Fernando L. Mendez, Herawati Sudoyo, [[J. Stephen Lansing]] and Michael F. Hammer; 2015, "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia", ''European Journal of Human Genetics'', no. 23 (March), pp. 369–73.
8. (2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research.