Haplogroup E-Z827

Subclades of E-Z827 and Distribution

Family Tree

The following phylogeny is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research as summarized by ISOGG.

• E-Z827 (Z827) - E1b1b1b
  • E-L19 (L19) - E1b1b1b1
    • E-PF2431 (PF2431)
      • E-PF2438
        • E-Y10561
          • E-FGC18981
            • E-FGC38527
            • E-Y35933
            • E-FGC18960
              • E-Y33020
              • E-FGC18958
        • E-PF2440
          • E-PF2471
            • E-BY9805
    • E-M81 (M81)
      • E-M81*
      • E-M165 - Found only in Israel and Germany.
      • E-Y596059 - Found only in Iraq.
      • E-CTS4236 - Found only in Syria.
        • E-CTS6256 - Found in Europe and North Africa.
          • E-PF2548
            • E-PF2546
              • E-PF2546*
              • E-CTS12227
                • E-MZ11
                  • E-MZ12
              • E-A929
                • E-Z5009
                  • E-Z5009*
                  • E-Z5010
                  • E-Z5013
                    • E-Z5013*
                    • E-A1152
                • E-A2227
                  • E-A428
                  • E-MZ16
                • E-PF6794
                  • E-PF6794*
                  • E-PF6789
                    • E-MZ21
                    • E-MZ23
                    • E-MZ80
                • E-A930
                • E-Z2198/E-MZ46
                  • E-A601
                  • E-L351
  • E-Z830 (Z830) - E1b1b1b2
    • E-M123 (M123)
      • E-M34 (M34)
        • E-M84 (M84)
          • E-M136 (M136)
        • E-M290 (M290)
        • E-V23 (V23)
        • E-L791 (L791,L792)
    • E-V1515
      • E-V1515*
      • E-V1486
        • E-V1486*
        • E-V2881
          • E-V2881*
          • E-V1792
          • E-V92
        • E-M293 (M293)
          • E-M293*
          • E-P72 (P72)
          • E-V3065*
      • E-V1700
        • E-V42 (V42)
        • E-V1785
          • E-V1785*
          • E-V6 (V6)

E-L19 (E1b1b1b1)

To date, only two immediate downstream subclades of E-L19 have been recognized: E-PF2431 and E-M81.

'''E-M81'''

E-M81 is the dominant subclade of E-L19, accounting for more than 99% of its carriers. It has three main branches: E-M165, carried exclusively by a German and an Israeli; E-Y596059, carried by a Syrian from Damascus and an Iraqi Al Anbar; and E-CTS4236, carried exclusively by a Syrian from Quneitra, nearly all branches of E-M81 today derives from E-CTS4236. It is thought to have originated in the Near East, roughly 13,000 years ago, with subsequent expansions into Europe and North Africa occurring either about 1,000 years ago via Arab populations or around 3,000 years ago through Phoenician movements.This distribution has been usually explained as a consequence of a westward expansion from the Near East and this event probably occurred in recent times, possibly about 2 kya [22]. We calculated the forensic indexes including only the E-M81 subjects and we could observe an even more enhanced clinal pattern (Moroccan DC = 0.87; Libyan DC = 0.96; the values for the Egyptian populations cannot be considered informative because our collection included only four E-M81 chromosomes from this country) (Supplementary Table 12).This haplogroup has been identified in a variety of historically significant populations, including the ancient Phoenicians from Malaka and Selinunte, Medieval Arab communities from Al-Andalus and the Emirate of Sicily, as well as among the indigenous population of the Canary Islands.

'''E-PF2431'''

E-PF2431 is a minor subclade of E-L19 mostly found in Europe, with smaller but notable frequencies in the Middle East/North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. This haplogroup has been identified among Phoenicians from Motya, ancient Romans from Pompeii, and Medieval Arabs.

E-Z830 (E1b1b1b2)

A recently confirmed sub-clade of E-Z827, Z830, includes the confirmed sub-clades of E-M123, E-M293, and E-V42, and is a sibling clade to E-L19. Currently, the E-M35 phylogeny project recognizes four distinct clusters of Z830* carriers, two of which are exclusively Jewish in origin. The remaining two are significantly smaller, and include scattered individuals in Germany, Spain, Latin America, Egypt, and Ethiopia.

E-M123

Main article: Haplogroup E-M123 (Y-DNA)

E-M123 is mostly known for its major subclade E-M34, which dominates this clade.

E-V1515

A new clade (E-V1515) was defined by Trombetta et al. 2015, which originated about 12 kya (95% CI 8.6-16.4) in eastern Africa where it is currently mainly distributed. This clade includes all the sub-Saharan haplogroups (E-V42, E-M293, E-V92, E-V6) reported as E-M35 basal clades in a previous phylogeny.

Multiple instances of commercially observed E-V1515 have also been detected in Arabia.

E-M293

E-M293 is a subclade of E-V1515. It was identified by ISOGG as the second clade within E-Z830. It was discovered before E-Z830 and is associated with the spread of pastoralism from Eastern Africa by South Cushites into Southern Africa. So far high levels have been found in specific ethnic groups in Tanzania and Southern Africa. Highest were the Datog (43%), Khwe (Kxoe) (31%), Burunge (28%), and Sandawe (24%). Two Bantu-speaking Kenyan males were found with the M293 mutation. Other E-M215 subclades are rare in Southern Africa. The authors state...

They also say that "M293 is only found in sub-Saharan Africa, indicating a separate phylogenetic history for M35.1 * (former) samples further north". E-P72. This is a subclade of E-M293.

E-V42

E-V42 was discovered in two Ethiopian Jews. It was suggested that it may be restricted to the region around Ethiopia. However, further testing by commercial DNA testing companies confirmed positive results for this subclade in Arabia as well.

E-V6

The E-V6 subclade of E-V1515 is defined by V6 and has been identified a significant presence of these lineages in Ethiopia, and also some in the neighboring Somali population. Among the Ethiopian and Somali samples, the highest were 14.7% among the Ethiopian Amhara, and 16.7% among the Ethiopian Wolayta.

E-V92

E-V92 was discovered in two Ethiopian Amhara. Like E-V6 and E-V42 it possibly only exists in the area of Ethiopia.

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic History

Main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

Original Research Publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

• α
• β
• γ
• δ
• ε
• ζ
• η

References

References

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2. "YFull YTreev13.07.00". YFull: Y-Chr Sequence Interpretation Service.
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5. Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC". (February 2002). "A nomenclature system for the tree of human Y-chromosomal binary haplogroups". Genome Research.
6. ISOGG 2015
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10. "E-CTS4236 YTree".
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