Haplogroup E-M132

Ancient DNA

E-M132/E1a has been found in the remains of one Guanche (1/30) from the Canary Islands, and one Bimbape (1/16) from El Hierro that has been dated to the 10th century CE.

A man from the Koban culture (1/15) of the North Caucasus, which has been dated between the 9th century BCE and the 7th century BCE, carried paternal haplogroup E1a2a1b1b, as well as maternal haplogroup J1b1 or J1c.

A man from punic-era Spain was found to carry paternal haplogroup E1a2* as well as maternal haplogroup U6a1b2.

Distribution

E-M132 is found most often in West Africa, and today it is especially common in the region of Mali. One study has found haplogroup E-M132 Y-chromosomes in as much as 34% (15/44) of a sample of Malian men, including 2/44 E-M44 and 13/44 E-M33/M132(xE-M44). In particular, the Dogon people of Mali have been found to carry haplogroup E-M132 with a frequency as high as 45.5% (25/55). This makes it perhaps the most common Y-DNA haplogroup in this population, though haplogroup E-P1 appears to be almost equally frequent among the Dogon (24/55 = 43.6%). Another study has found haplogroup E-M132 in 15.6% (44/282) of a pool of seven samples of various ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau.

Subclades

E-M44

Main article: Haplogroup E-M44

Haplogroup E-M44 is a subclade of haplogroup E-M132.

E-Z958

Main article: Haplogroup E-Z958

Haplogroup E-Z958 is a subclade of haplogroup E-M132.

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history

Main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

• α and
• β
• γ
• δ
• ε
• ζ
• η

Phylogenetic trees

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research.

• E-P147 (P147)
  • E-M132 (M132, L633, M33)
    • E-M44 (M44)
    • E-L96 (L94)
    • E-L133 (L133)

References

Sources for conversion tables

References

1. "E-M132 YTree".
2. Cruciani Fulvio, Santolamazza Piero, Shen Peidong. (2002). "A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes". American Journal of Human Genetics.
3. Barbieri, Chiara.. (2012). "Contrasting Maternal and Paternal Histories in the Linguistic Context of Burkina Faso". Molecular Biology and Evolution.
4. Hassan, Hisham Y.. "Y‐chromosome variation among Sudanese: Restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history". American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
5. (2017). "Genetic studies on the prehispanic population buried in Punta Azul cave (El Hierro, Canary Islands)". Journal of Archaeological Science.
6. (June 2020). "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the prehistoric Koban culture of the North Caucasus". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.
7. DNA, Explore Your. "I18189 - Ancient DNA Sample - Genetic Ancestry Analysis".
8. Peter A. Underhill, Peidong Shen, Alice A. Lin ''et al.'', "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations," ''Nature Genetics'', Volume 26, November 2000
9. Wood, Elizabeth T.. (2005). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes". European Journal of Human Genetics.
10. Rosa Alexandra, Ornelas Carolina, Jobling Mark A. (2007). "Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology.
11. Karafet et al. 2008