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Haplogroup D (mtDNA)

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup

FieldValue
nameD
mapPeopling of eurasia.jpg
origin-dateca. 60,000 – 40,000 YBP
origin-placeEast Asia
ancestorM80'D
descendantsD4, 16189
mutations4883 5178A 16362
Note

the human mtDNA haplogroup

| origin-date = ca. 60,000 – 40,000 YBP | origin-place = East Asia

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup M, thought to have arisen somewhere in East Asia, between roughly 60,000 and 35,000 years ago (in the Late Pleistocene, before the Last Glacial Maximum and the settlement of the Americas). estimated at (95% CI) in:

In contemporary populations, it is found especially in Central and Northeast Asia. Haplogroup D (more specifically, subclade D4) is one of five main haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, C, and X. Among the Nepalese population, haplogroup D is the most dominant maternal lineage in Tamang (26.1%) and Magar (24.3%).

Subclades

There are two principal branches, D4 and D5'6. D1, D2 and D3 are subclades of D4.

D4

D1 is a basal branch of D4 that is widespread and diverse in the Americas.

Subclades D4b1, D4e1, and D4h are found both in Asia and in the Americas and are thus of special interest for the settlement of the Americas.

D2, which occurs with high frequency in some arctic and subarctic populations (especially Aleuts), is a subclade of D4e1 parallel to D4e1a and D4e1c.

D3, which has been found mainly in some Siberian populations and in Inuit of Canada and Greenland, is a branch of D4b1c.

D4 (3010, 8414, 14668): The subclade D4 is the most frequently occurring mtDNA haplogroup among modern populations of northern East Asia, such as Japanese, Okinawans, Koreans, northern Han Chinese (e.g. from Lanzhou), and some Mongolic- or Tungusic-speaking populations of the Hulunbuir region, such as Barghuts in Hulun Buir Aimak, Mongols and Evenks in New Barag Left Banner, and Oroqens in Oroqen Autonomous Banner. D4 is also the most common haplogroup among the Oroks of Sakhalin, the Buryats and Khamnigans of the Buryat Republic, the Kalmyks of the Kalmyk Republic, the Telenghits and Kazakhs of the Altai Republic, and the Kyrgyz of Kyzylsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture. It also predominates among published samples of Paleo-Indians and individuals whose remains have been recovered from Chertovy Vorota Cave. Spread also all over China, the Himalayas, Central Asia, Siberia, and indigenous peoples of the Americas, with some cases observed in Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, and Europe. Khattak and Kheshgi in Peshawar Valley, Pakistan

  • D4* - China, Mongol from Heilongjiang and Hebei, Korea, Japan, Thailand (Lisu from Mae Hong Son Province), USA, Russia, Georgia, Iraq, Turkey, Greece D1
  • D1 – America
    • D1a – Colombia
      • D1a1 – Brazil (Surui, Gavião)
      • D1a2 – Guaraní
    • D1b – United States (Hispanic), Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico
    • D1c – United States (Hispanic), Mexican
    • D1d
      • D1d1 – United States (Hispanic), Mexican
      • D1d2 – Mexican
    • D1e – Brazil (Karitiana, Zoró)
    • D1f – Colombia (incl. Coreguaje), Ecuador (Amerindian Kichwas from the Amazonian provinces of Pastaza, Orellana, and Napo), Peru, Mexican, USA
      • D1f1 – Venezuela, Brazil (Karitiana), Tiriyó, Waiwai, Katuena
      • D1f2 – Colombia
      • D1f3 – Mexico, USA (Native American)
    • D1g – Southern Cone of South America
      • D1g1
        • D1g1a
        • D1g1b
      • D1g2
        • D1g2a
      • D1g3
      • D1g4
      • D1g5
      • D1g6
    • D1h
      • D1h1 – Mexican
      • D1h2 – Mexican
    • D1i – Peru, Mexican, United States (Hispanic)
      • D1i1 – Mexican
      • D1i2 – Mexican
    • D1j – Southern Cone of South America (incl. the Gran Chaco in Argentina)
      • D1j1
        • D1j1a
          • D1j1a1 – Argentina
          • D1j1a2
    • D1k – Peru, Mexican, United States (Hispanic)
    • D1m – Mexican
    • D1n – United States (Hispanic), Mexico
    • D1r – Peru
    • D1u
      • D1u1 – Peru D4a
  • D4a – China, Mongol from Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, Northern Thailand (Khon Mueang from Chiang Mai Province and Lamphun Province, Phuan from Phrae Province), Laos (Lao from Luang Prabang), Japan, Korea, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (Tajik from Ferghana), Pakistan (Saraiki), Mongolia
    • D4a1 – Japan, Korea, Negidal, Ulchi
      • D4a1a – Japan
        • D4a1a1 – Japan, Korea
          • D4a1a1a – Japan
      • D4a1b – Japan, Korea
        • D4a1b1 – Japan
      • D4a1c – Japan, Korea
      • D4a1d – Japan
      • D4a1e – Mainland China, Taiwan, Dirang Monpa, Mongol from Shandong, Yakut
        • D4a1e1 – Japan, Uyghurs
      • D4a1f – Japan
        • D4a1f1 – Japan
      • D4a1g – China, Bargut
      • D4a1h – Japan
    • D4a2 – Japan, Korea
      • D4a2a – Japan, Korea
      • D4a2b – Japan
    • D4a3 Mongol from Tongliao
      • D4a3a
        • D4a3a* – found exclusively in Koreans, parts of Northeast China at low frequency
        • D4a3a1 – primarily found in Koreans, low frequency in Northern China
        • D4a3a2 – Japan (high), South Korea (low)
      • D4a3b
        • D4a3b* – China, Mongol from Shenyang
        • D4a3b1 – Japan, Korea, China（Korean from Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, China, Pakistan (Kalash)
        • D4a3b2 – Mainland China, Taiwan
    • D4a4 – Japan
    • D4a5 - Myanmar (Shan from Kachin State), China (Zhejiang, Chamdo, Korean from Antu County, Mongol from Tongliao)
    • D4a6 - China (Eastern China, Korean from Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture), Mauritius
  • D4a-b
    • D4a-b* – China (Han Chinese from Taizhou, Zhejiang)
      • D4a7
        • D4a7* – China
          • D4a7a
            • D4a7a* – Taiwan
              • D4a7a1 – Taiwan (Hakka Han from Neipu, Pingtung)
          • D4a7b
            • D4a7b* – Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)
              • D4a7b1 – China (Souther Han Chinese from Hunan), Taiwan (Minnan Han from Kaohsiung and Tsou from Alishan, Chiayi), Vietnam (Kinh from Gia Lâm District, Hanoi) Singapore (Malaysian)
    • D4a8 – China
  • D4b – Thailand (Thai from Central Thailand)
    • D4b1
      • D4b1* – Russia (Tuvan from Tuva Republic, Tatarstan), Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz), China (Uyghur, Mongol from Beijing, etc.)
      • D4b1a
        • D4b1a* – China (Bargut from Inner Mongolia, Mongol from Heilongjiang), South Korea, Thailand (Iu Mien from Nan Province)
        • D4b1a1 – South Korea, Japan
          • D4b1a1a – South Korea, Japan, Kyrgyzstan
        • D4b1a2 – Yukaghir, Neolithic Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug
          • D4b1a2a
            • D4b1a2a* – Hungary, Khamnigan, Han (Beijing)
            • D4b1a2a1 – China (Bargut, Uyghur), Mongol, Kazakhstan, Karakalpak, Azeri, Turkey, Poland, Russia (Buryats in Buryat Republic and Irkutsk Oblast, Tubalars, Ayon, Yanranay, Karaginsky District), Inuit (Canada, Greenland), Canada, Native American (USA)
            • D4b1a2a2 – Buryat, Todzhins, Tuvan
      • D4b1b'd
        • D4b1b - Mainland China, Taiwan
          • D4b1b1 – Japan
            • D4b1b1a – Japan
              • D4b1b1a1 – Japan
          • D4b1b2 – Japan, China (Han from Zhanjiang)
        • D4b1d – China (Gelao from Daozhen)
      • D4b1c
        • D3 – Oroqen, Buryat, Barghut, Yukaghir, Even, Evenk, Yakut, Dolgan, Nganasan, Inuit
          • D3* – Buryat, Yakut, Yukaghir (Lower Indigirka River, Chukotka, etc.), Nganasan (Vadei from the Taimyr Peninsula), Even (Severo-Evensk district, Sebjan, Sakkyryyr, Berezovka), Evenk (Taimyr Peninsula), Oroqen, Mansi
          • D3a – Bargut, Buryat, Evenk (Stony Tunguska)
          • D3b – Oroqen
          • D3c
            • D3c* – Buryat
            • D3c1
              • D3c1* – Nganasan (Avam from the Taimyr Peninsula)
              • D3c1a
                • D3c1a1
                  • D3c1a1a – Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug (Neolithic Transbaikal), Bargut (modern Inner Mongolia)
                  • D3c1a1b – Italy (Roman Empire)
                • D3c1a2 – Ust'-Dolgoe site of Glazkovo culture (Bronze Age Cis-Baikal), Onnyos burial near Amga River (Middle Neolithic central Yakutia)
          • D3d – Even (Tompo District of Yakutia, Lower Indigirka River)
          • D3e – Even (Tompo District of Yakutia)
    • D4b2 – Japan, specimen from 4256–4071 cal YBP (Middle Jōmon period) Yokohama, China (Mongol from Hebei), Thailand (Hmong from Chiang Rai Province), India (Gallong)
      • D4b2a – Japan
        • D4b2a1 – Japan, China (Korean from Antu County)
        • D4b2a2 – Japan, Korea
          • D4b2a2a – Japan, Kyrgyzstan
            • D4b2a2a1 – Japan, South Korea, China (Han from Dandong)
            • D4b2a2a2 – Japan
          • D4b2a2b – Japan
      • D4b2b – China (Mongols from Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, Uyghurs, Tu, Tibet, etc.), South Korea, Japan, Thailand (Khmu from Nan Province), Saudi Arabia
        • D4b2b1 – Japan, Korea, Buryat, Mongol from Tongliao, Uyghur, Persian
          • D4b2b1a – Japan
          • D4b2b1b – Japan
          • D4b2b1c – Japan
          • D4b2b1d – Japan
        • D4b2b2 – China (Mongol from Chifeng and Heilongjiang, Tujia, Han from Lanzhou, etc.), Taiwan (Hakka)
          • D4b2b2a – Mainland China, Taiwan, Vietnam (Lachi)
            • D4b2b2a1 – Japan, Russia
          • D4b2b2b – Russia, China, South Korea
          • D4b2b2c – China, Buryat
        • D4b2b3 – Japan
        • D4b2b4 – Northeast India (Sherdukpen), China, Russia (Tuvan)
        • D4b2b5 – Barguts, Buryat, Tibet, Taiwan
        • D4b2b6 – Chinese (Shandong, Beijing, Lanzhou, Denver), Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Armenian
        • D4b2b7 – Mainland China, Taiwan (Hakka)
        • D4b2b8 – Uyghur
        • D4b2b9
          • D4b2b9* – China, Xibo
          • D4b2b9a
            • D4b2b9a* – Buryat
            • D4b2b9a1 – China
      • D4b2c
      • D4b2d – Inner Mongolia (Bargut, Buryat)
  • D4c
    • D4c1 – Uyghur
      • D4c1a – Japan, Korea
        • D4c1a1 – Japan, Tashkurgan (Kyrgyz)
      • D4c1b – Japan, Inner Mongolia
        • D4c1b1 – Japan, Tibet
        • D4c1b2 – Japan
    • D4c2 – Turkmenistan, Mongol from Chifeng
      • D4c2a – Uyghur (Artux), Russian Federation
        • D4c2a1 – Uyghur, Buryat, Bargut, Khamnigan, Ulchi
      • D4c2b – Yakut, Buryat, Bargut, Daur, Even, Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Kazakhstan, Turk, Russian, Ukraine
      • D4c2c – Japan
  • D4d – Japan, Korea D4e
  • D4e
    • D4e1 – Taiwan, Czech Republic (West Bohemia), Austrian, Finland, USA
      • D4e1a – Thailand (Mon from Nakhon Ratchasima Province), Moken, Urak Lawoi, China (Han from Lanzhou, Mongol from Inner Mongolia, etc.), Tibet, Uyghur, Korea, Japan
        • D4e1a1 – Japan, Chinese
        • D4e1a2 – Thailand, Sonowal Kachari
          • D4e1a2a – Japan, Korea
        • D4e1a3 – China (Yao from Bama, Mongol from Alxa, etc.), Thailand (Hmong, Iu Mien), Vietnam (Cờ Lao, Phù Lá)
      • D2 – Uyghur, Mongol from Jilin and Chaoyang
        • D2a'b
          • D2a – Aleut, Tlingit
            • D2a1 – Saqqaq, ancient Canada
              • D2a1a – Aleut
              • D2a1b – Siberian Eskimo
            • D2a2 – Chukchi, Eskimo
          • D2b – Yukaghir, Even (Maya River, Okhotsk Region), Mongol from Hulunbuir
            • D2b1 – China, Tibet, Kazakhstan, Kalmyk, Belarus (Tatar)
              • D2b1a – Buryat, Yakut, Khamnigan, Evenk
            • D2b2 – Evenk, Bargut
        • D2c – Buryat
      • D4e1c – Mexican
    • D4e2 – Japan, Korea, USA (African American)
      • D4e2a – Japan, Korea
      • D4e2b – Japan
      • D4e2c – Japan
      • D4e2d – Japan
    • D4e3 – Northeast Thailand (Black Tai, Saek), China, Mongol from Shenyang and Tongliao, Lachungpa
    • D4e4 – Yakut, Ulchi, Bulgaria, Poland, Russian Federation
      • D4e4a – Evenk, Even, Uyghur
        • D4e4a1 – Yukaghir, Evenk, Even, Mongol from Shenyang
      • D4e4b – Russian, Volga Tatar
    • D4e5
      • D4e5a - Xinjiang (Uyghur, Kyrgyz), Russia (Altai Kizhi, Buryat), Inner Mongolia (Bargut), Iran (Qashqai), Japan (Aichi)
      • D4e5b - Orok (Sakhalin), Even (Nelkan on the Maya River in the Okhotsk Region), Kyrgyz (Artux), Bashkortostan, Han Chinese (Lanzhou, Denver), Mongol from Fuxin and Heilongjiang
  • D4f – Shor
    • D4f1 – Japan, Korea, Mongol (Bargut, Chifeng, Chaoyang, Hebei) D4g
  • D4g
    • D4g* – Japan, Korea
    • D4g1 – Japan, Korea, Uyghur, Uzbekistan
      • D4g1a – Japan
      • D4g1b – Japan, Taiwan, Mongol from Xinjiang, Belarus
      • D4g1c – Japan
    • D4g2 – China, Mongols in China (Fuxin, Hinggan, Tongliao, Xilingol)
      • D4g2a – Japan
        • D4g2a1 – China, Thailand (Mon from Lopburi Province), Mongols in China (Bargut, Beijing, Fuxin), Buryat, Khamnigan
          • D4g2a1a – Japan
          • D4g2a1b – China, Thailand (Black Tai from Kanchanaburi Province, Khon Mueang from Chiang Mai Province)
          • D4g2a1c – Thailand (Mon from Kanchanaburi Province and Ratchaburi Province), China, Wancho, Jammu and Kashmir
      • D4g2b – China, Buryat
        • D4g2b1 – Han Chinese, Ulchi
          • D4g2b1a – Japan D4h
  • D4h
    • D4h* – Thailand (Khmu from Nan Province, Htin from Phayao Province, Khon Mueang from Lampang Province), Philippines
    • D4h1
      • D4h1* – China
      • D4h1a - Korea, China (Liaoning Han)
        • D4h1a1 – Japan, Korea, China (Beijing)
        • D4h1a2 – Japan, Korea, China (Liaoning, Jilin, Tianjin, Shandong)
      • D4h1b
        • D4h1b-G10398A - China (Hunan Han, Zhejiang), Kyrgyzstan
        • D4h1b-A16241G - Japan (Tokyo, Aichi)
      • D4h1c – China (incl. Tu), Tibet
        • D4h1c1 – Japan, Korea, Mongol from Shenyang
      • D4h1d – Bargut
    • D4h2 – Ulchi
    • D4h3 – Thailand (Tai Yuan from Ratchaburi Province)
      • D4h3a – South America (Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil), Mexico, USA, and Colombia.
        • D4h3a1 – Chile
          • D4h3a1a – Chile
            • D4h3a1a1 – Chile
            • D4h3a1a2 – Chile
        • D4h3a2 – Chile, Argentina
        • D4h3a3 – Chile
          • D4h3a3a – Mexico, USA
        • D4h3a4 – Peru
        • D4h3a5 – Chile, Peru, Argentina
        • D4h3a6 – Peru, Ecuador
        • D4h3a7 – ancient Canada
        • D4h3a8 – Mexico
        • D4h3a9 – Peru
      • D4h3b – China
    • D4h4 – Uyghur, Tibet, Japan, Mongol (Bayannur, Hinggan)
      • D4h4a – Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan), Buryat, Bargut
  • D4i
    • D4i* – Japan, Uyghur, Israel (Palestinian)
    • D4i1 – Japan
    • D4i2 – Uyghur, Yakut, Dolgan, Kazakh, Volga Tatar, Buryat, Bargut, Evenk (Iengra), Even, Nanai, Yukaghir, Russia, Germany, England
    • D4i3
      • D4i3* – Nepal (Kathmandu)
      • D4i3a – Mainland China, Taiwan (Atayal)
    • D4i4 – Uyghur, Tibet (Sherpa), China (Miao), Vietnam (H'Mông)
    • D4i5 – Japan D4j
  • D4j – Tibet, Uyghur, Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan, Tashkurgan, Artux), Altai, Teleut, Tuvan, Buryat, Mongols in China (Bargut, Chifeng, Hohhot, Tianjin, Tongliao), Mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Turkey, Italy, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Belarus
    • D4j1 – Thailand (Palaung from Chiang Mai Province), Uyghur
      • D4j1a – Bargut, Buryat, Khamnigan
        • D4j1a1 – Lepcha, Gallong, Lachungpa, Sherpa, Tibet, Lahu, Thailand (Lahu from Mae Hong Son Province, Mon from Ratchaburi Province, Lawa from Mae Hong Son Province, Tai Yuan from Uttaradit Province), Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Buryat, Bargut, Khamnigan
          • D4j1a1a – Gallong, Tibet
          • D4j1a1b – Toto
        • D4j1a2 – Tibet, Ladakh
      • D4j1b – Tibet, Wancho, Nepal, Thailand (Mon from Ratchaburi Province, Palaung and Khon Mueang from Chiang Mai Province), Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan)
        • D4j1b2 – Gallong
    • D4j2 – Lithuania, ancient Scythian (Chylenski), Yakut, Dolgan
      • D4j2a – Mansi, Ket, Yakut (Vilyuy River basin)
    • D4j-T16311C! – Italy, Ukraine, Lithuania
      • D4j3 – Russian Federation, Uyghur, Tibet, Mongol (Hulunbuir), Japan, Thailand (Mon from Ratchaburi Province)
        • D4j3a – China, Inner Mongolia (Mongol from Tongliao), Ulchi
          • D4j3a1 – Japan
        • D4j3b - Thailand (Lisu from Mae Hong Son Province), Tibet (Lhoba), Uyghur
      • D4j11 – Japan, Inner Mongolia (Mongol from Chifeng), Buryat, Hungary, Italy
    • D4j4 – Nganasan, Even (Maya River basin, NE Sakha Republic), Evenk (Nyukzha river basin, Iengra River basin)
      • D4j4a – Evenk (Okhotsk region, Sakha Republic, Iengra River basin), Even (Okhotsk region), Ulchi, Buryat, Yakut (Vilyuy River basin)
    • D4j5 – Italy, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran (Khorasan), Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Inner Mongolia, Buryat, Yakut, Yukaghir, Even (Sakha Republic), Evenk (Sakha Republic)
    • D4j-T146C!
      • D4j6 – China, Buryat, Dirang Monpa
      • D4j13 – Volga Tatar, Kyrgyz (Artux), Uyghur, Sherpa (Shigatse)
    • D4j7 – Tubalar, Mongol (Hinggan League)
      • D4j7a – Buryat, Bargut
    • D4j8 – China, Bargut, Buryat, Evenk (Sakha Republic), Yakut, Kazakh, Kyrgyz (Artux), Uyghur, Poland, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Scotland, Argentina
    • D4j9 – Bargut, Buryat, Khamnigan, Tuvan
    • D4j10 – Tubalar, Buryat, Bargut, Khamnigan, Kazakhstan, Turk
    • D4j12 – Bargut, Buryat, Uyghur, Tatarstan, Belarus, Poland, Italy
    • D4j14 – Japan
    • D4j15 – China, Tibet, Mongols in China (Chifeng), Kazakhstan
    • D4j16 – China
  • D4k'o'p
    • D4k – Japan, Korea, China (Qinghai, Kinh, etc.), Uyghur, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuanians
    • D4o – Teleut, Uyghur, Buryat
      • D4o1
        • D4o1* – Uyghur, Tubalar (Northeast Altai)
        • D4o1a – Japan, Buryat
        • D4o1b – Kyrgyz (Artux), Chelkan, Teleut, Khamnigan, Han Chinese (N. China)
      • D4o2 – Bargut, Yakut, Evenk (Sakha Republic), Even (Kamchatka, Sakha Republic), Koryak, Ulchi, China (Han from Lanzhou)
        • D4o2* – Mongols in China (Bargut from Inner Mongolia, Mongol from Hinggan League, Mongol from Hohhot)
        • D4o2a – Manchu
          • D4o2a* – Uyghur, Yakut, Nganasan, Evenk (New Barag Left Banner), Even (Kamchatka), Koryak
          • D4o2a1 – Negidal, Hezhen, Uyghur, China
          • D4o2a2 – Yakut, Uyghur, ancient Yana River basin
          • D4o2a3 – Bargut (Inner Mongolia), Buryat (Zabaykalsky Krai)
    • D4p
      • D4p* – Altaian, Buryat
      • D4p1 – Japan
      • D4p2 – Buryat
  • D4l
    • D4l1
      • D4l1a – Japan
        • D4l1a1 – Japan
      • D4l1b – Bargut (Inner Mongolia), Uyghur
    • D4l2 – Evenk (Nyukzha, Iengra, Taimyr), Yakut (Central, Vilyuy), Uyghur, Kazakh
      • D4l2a – Even (Tompo, Sebjan), Yukaghir, Mongol (Xilingol League)
        • D4l2a1 – Even (Sebjan, Sakkyryyr), Evenk (Taimyr), Yakut, Yukaghir
        • D4l2a2 – Evenk, Negidal, Yukaghir
      • D4l2b – China, Tibet (Lhasa)
  • D4m
    • D4m* – Tubalar (Northeast Altai)
    • D4m1 – Japan
    • D4m2 – Mongolia, Mongols in China (Hohhot, Tongliao), South Korea
      • D4m2a – Nivkh, Ulchi, Yakut, Buryat, Evenk, Even, Yukaghir, South Korea, Japan (Chūbu-Hokuriku region - 0.1% of total; one Early Okhotsk culture specimen from the Hamanaka-2 site on Rebun Island), Austria (five Avar specimens from ca. 1200 (1150 - 1250) ybp Leobersdorf)
        • D4m2a* – Nivkh, Daur
        • D4m2a1
          • D4m2a1* – Evenk (Central Siberia)
          • D4m2a1a – Evens (two from Sakkyryyr and one from Tompo), Yukaghir
        • D4m2a2 – Nivkh
        • D4m2a3 – Yakut
        • D4m2a4 – Nivkh
        • D4m2a5 (D4m2a+A15847G) - Nivkh
        • D4m2a6 (D4m2a+A7430G) - HMSZper32 (specimen from ca. 950 [850 - 1050] years before present Bács-Kiskun, Hungary)
          • D4m2a6a (D4m2a6+C4676T) - Buryat, Khamnigan
      • D4m2b (D4m2+T8868C) – Tuvinian, Daur, Barghut (Inner Mongolia), Mongolia, Uyghur
    • D4m3 – Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan,Artux), Uyghur
  • D4n
    • D4n* – Japan, Korea
    • D4n1
      • D4n1* – Japan
      • D4n1a – Japan
    • D4n2
      • D4n2a – China
      • D4n2b – Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan), Tibet, Bargut (Inner Mongolia), Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast)
  • D4q – Taiwan, China, Mongols in China (Fuxin), Kyrgyz, Tajiks, India (Jammu and Kashmir), Germany, Poland, Netherlands, United States
    • D4q1 – Toto
      • D4q1a – Toto
    • D4q2 - Kyrgyz, India (Uttar Pradesh Upper Caste Brahmin)
      • D4q2a - Sherdukpen
    • D4q3 - Uyghur
    • D4q4 - Lhoba
  • D4r – Thailand, Myanmar
  • D4s
    • D4s1
      • D4s1* – Vietnam (Si La, Hà Nhì)
      • D4s1a – Vietnam (Hà Nhì)
    • D4s2 – Tashkurgan (Sarikoli, Kyrgyz)
    • D4s3 – Tibet (Lhasa), Uyghur, Tuvinian
  • D4t – China, Korea, Japan
  • D4u
    • D4u*
    • D4u1
      • D4u1* – Iran (Qashqai)
      • D4u1a – Tashkurgan (Sarikoli)
  • D4v – Thailand
  • D4w – Japan (Tokyo), Tu
  • D4x – Peru (pre-Columbian Lima)
  • D4y – Vietnam (La Chí)
  • D4z – China

D5'6

D5'6 (16189) is mainly found in East Asia and Southeast Asia, especially in China, Korea, and Japan. It does not appear to have participated in the migration to the Americas, and frequencies in Central, North, and South Asia are generally lower, although the D5a2a2 subclade is prevalent (57/423 = 13.48%) among the Yakuts, a Turkic-speaking group that migrated to Siberia in historical times under the pressure of the Mongol expansion.

  • D5 - Taiwan (Paiwan)
    • D5a'b (D5-A9180G) - Korean, Tai Yuan in Northern Thailand
      • D5a - China, Korea, Japan, Buryat, Poland
        • D5a1 - Japan (TMRCA 7,300 [95% CI 3,300 14,200] ybp)
          • D5a1a - Japan
            • D5a1a1 - Japan
            • D5a1a2 - Japan
        • D5a2 - Gallong, Mongols in China (Baotou), Korea (TMRCA 12,500 [95% CI 8,900 17,100] ybp)
          • D5a2a - Russia (Tula Oblast, Buryat), Mongols in China (Heilongjiang, Hohhot), China, Japan (TMRCA 10,400 [95% CI 7,400 14,200] ybp)
            • D5a2a-T16092C - China, Korea
              • D5a2a1 - Mongols in China (Tongliao, Beijing, Chifeng, Fuxin, Hohhot, Shandong), China (Han from Lanzhou, etc.), Tibet (Monpa, Deng), Vietnam (Hà Nhì), Korea, Japan (Gifu), Buryat, Tuvan, Kazakh
                • D5-C16172T! - Burusho, Tubalar, Kumandin (Turochak), Todzhi (Adir-Kezhig), Buryat (South Siberia, Inner Mongolia), Wancho, Gallong, Monpa, Myanmar (Burmese from Pakokku), Thailand (Lawa from Mae Hong Son Province), China (Han from Fujian, Miao, etc.), Taiwan
                  • D5a2a1a - Japan (Aichi, Chiba, etc.), China
                    • D5a2a1a1 - Japan (Aichi, etc.)
                      • D5a2a1a1a - Japan (Chiba, etc.)
                      • D5a2a1a1b - China (Uyghurs), Poland
                    • D5a2a1a2 - Japan (Gifu, Tokyo, etc.)
                • D5a2a1b - Sonowal Kachari, Gallong, China (Han from Zhanjiang, etc.), Tibet (Lhoba, Tingri, Deng), Kyrgyz (Artux), Mongols in China (Hohhot, Tongliao)
                  • D5a2a1b1 - China, Taiwan (Minnan)
              • D5a2a2 - Japan (Aichi), Bargut, Buryat, Kyrgyz (Artux), Tibet (Shannan), Yakut, Dolgan, Yukaghir, Evenk (Iengra, Nyukzha, Taimyr, Sakha Republic), Even (Sakha Republic) (TMRCA 3,500 [95% CI 2,300 5,000] ybp)
          • D5a2b - Thailand (Iu Mien from Nan Province), Vietnam (Si La, Hà Nhì), Tibet (Deng, Sherpa), China (TMRCA 10,400 [95% CI 7,200 14,500] ybp)
        • D5a3 - Tibet, Mongol (Dalian), Korea, Japan (TMRCA 11,100 [95% CI 6,300 18,100] ybp)
          • D5a3a - Mongol (Hinggan League), China, Tibet, Finland
            • D5a3a1 - China, Uyghur, Ukraine
              • D5a3a1a - Finland, Norway (Saami), Russia (Veliky Novgorod, etc.), Mansi
          • D5a3b - China, Korea (Seoul)
      • D5b - Uyghur, China, Mongol (Chifeng)
        • D5b1
          • D5b1* - China, Uyghur, Mongol (Hulunbuir, Jilin, Tongliao)
          • D5b1a
            • D5b1a1 - Japan, Korea, China (Hubei, etc.)
            • D5b1a2 - Japan
          • D5b1b
            • D5b1b* - Japan, Korea, Mongol (Baotou, Chaoyang, Heilongjiang, Nanyang, Shanxi, Tongliao)
            • D5b1b1 - Japan, Korea, Uzbekistan
            • D5b1b2
              • D5b1b2* - Japan, Korea, Taiwan (Minnan), Uyghur
              • D5b1b2a - Uyghur
              • D5b1b2b - Uyghur
              • D5b1b2c - Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan)
            • D5b1b3 - Japan
            • D5b1b4 - China
          • D5b1c
            • D5b1c* - China (Han from Kunming)
            • D5b1c1 - China, Mongol (Chifeng), Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam (Kinh)
              • D5b1c1* - Taiwan (Minnan, etc.)
              • D5b1c1a
                • D5b1c1a* - Taiwan (Amis, Puyuma, etc.), Indonesia (Manado), Chinese (Singapore)
                • D5b1c1a1 - Philippines (Kankanaey, Ifugao, etc.)
                • D5b1c1a2 - Philippines (Ibaloi)
              • D5b1c1b - China
            • D5b1c2 - Uyghur
          • D5b1d - Han Chinese (Beijing), Mongol (Ordos), Yakut
          • D5b1e - China
          • D5b1f - China
        • D5b2 - Japan
        • D5b3
          • D5b3* - Vietnam (Kinh, Tay), Thailand (Phuan), Laos (Lao), Taiwan (Minnan, etc.)
          • D5b3a - Taiwan (Paiwan, Rukai, Puyuma)
            • D5b3a1 - Taiwan (Rukai, Bunun, Paiwan, etc.)
          • D5b3b - Thailand (Shan from Mae Hong Son Province, Black Tai from Kanchanaburi Province, Tai Yuan from Ratchaburi Province), Vietnam (Kinh)
        • D5b4 - Thailand (Siamese, Hmong from Chiang Rai Province), Vietnam (Tay Nung, Cờ Lao, Tay, Kinh), Taiwan (Minnan, Makatao, etc.), China (Han)
        • D5b5 - Uyghur
    • D5c
      • D5c1 - Japan, Han Chinese (Beijing)
        • D5c1a - Japan, Taiwan (Minnan, etc.), China, Mongol (Tongliao), Uyghur, Tubalar, Kumandin (Turochak, Soltonsky District), Shor (Biyka, etc.), Kyrgyzstan (TMRCA 4,500 [95% CI 3,300 6,100] ybp)
      • D5c-T16311C! - Vietnam (Kinh), Mongolian, China
        • D5c2 - China, Japan
  • D6
    • D6a - Philippines, East Timor
      • D6a1
        • D6a1* - Tibet, China, Korea, Japan
        • D6a1a - China, Japan
      • D6a2 - Taiwan (Atayal), Philippines
    • D6c - China (She people, Han from Zhanjiang), Taiwan (Minnan), Thailand (Phutai from Kalasin Province)
      • D6c1 - Philippines
        • D6c1a - Philippines (Maranao)

Phylogeny

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup D subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research. [the above is already a phylogenetic tree. Don't copy-paste, edit]

  • D
    • D4
      • D1
        • D1a
        • D1b
        • D1c
        • D1d
      • D4a
        • D4a1
          • D4a1a
          • D4a1b
          • D4a1c
        • D4a2
          • D4a2a
        • D4a3
          • D4a3a
        • D4a4
      • D4b
        • D4b1
          • D3
          • D4b1a
            • D4b1a1
            • D4b1a2
              • D4b1a2a
                • D4b1a2a1
                  • D4b1a2a1a
          • D4b1b
            • D4b1b1
            • D4b1b1a
            • D4b1b2
        • D4b2
          • D4b2a
            • D4b2a1
            • D4b2a2
              • D4b2a2a
              • D4b2a2b
          • D4b2b
            • D4b2b1
              • D4b2b1a
              • D4b2b1b
            • D4b2b2
            • D4b2b3
      • D4c
        • D4c1
          • D4c1a
            • D4c1a1
          • D4c1b
            • D4c1b1
        • D4c2
      • D4d
      • D4e
        • D4e1
          • D2
            • D2a
              • D2a1
                • D2a1a
                • D2a1b
            • D2b
          • D4e1a
            • D4e1a1
            • D4e1a2
      • D4e2
        • D4e2a
        • D4e2b
        • D4e2c
      • D4f
      • D4g
        • D4g1
          • D4g1a
          • D4g1b
          • D4g1c
        • D4g2
          • D4g2a
            • D4g2a1
      • D4h
        • D4h1
          • D4h1a
        • D4h3
      • D4i
        • D4i1
        • D4i2
      • D4j
      • D4k
      • D4l
        • D4l1
        • D4l2
          • D4l2a
      • D4m
        • D4m1
        • D4m2
      • D4n
        • D4n1
      • D4o
        • D4o1
        • D4o2
    • D5'6
      • D5
        • D5a'b
          • D5a
            • D5a1
              • D5a1a
            • D5a2
              • D5a2a
                • D5a2a1
                  • D5a2a1a
                  • D5a2a1b
          • D5b
            • D5b1
              • D5b1a
              • D5b1b
                • D5b1b1
            • D5b2
        • D5c
        • D5d
          • D5d1
      • D6 --

Table of frequencies by ethnic group

PopulationFrequencyCountSourceSubtypes
Ban Ravat (Uttarakhand)1.00038D4=38
Aleut (Commander Islands)1.00036D2a1a=36
Orok (Sakhalin)0.68961D(xD5)=41, D5=1
Aleut (Aleutian Islands)0.656163D2a1a=107
Tibetan (Deqin, Yunnan)0.55040D(xD5)=20, D5(xD5a)=2
Northern Paiute/Shoshoni0.47994D=45
Uyghur (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.43816D(xD4c)=5, D4c=2
Oroqen (Oroqen Autonomous Banner)0.43244D(xD5)=14, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Subba (Limbu)0.43244D4=19
Japanese (Hokkaidō)0.415217D4a=24, D4b=21, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=21, D4e=11, D5=10, D4g=2, D4j=1
Japanese (northern Kyūshū)0.414256D4b=26, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=24, D4a=19, D4e=16, D5=10, D4g(xD4g1)=8, D4j=3
Japanese0.412211D4(xD4b)=75, D5(xD5a)=10, D5a=1, D4b=1
Japanese (Tōkai)0.411282D4b=34, D4a=26, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=24, D5=14, D4e=13, D4j=3, D4g(xD4g1)=2
Northern Paiute0.40898D=40
Japanese (Japan)0.4011928D4=705, D5=68
Japanese (Tōhoku)0.399336D4a=31, D4b=30, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=29, D4e=17, D4g(xD4g1)=11, D5=10, D4j=4, D4g1=2
Korean (South Korea)0.398103D4(xD2, D3)=33, D5=8
Mongol (New Barag Left Banner)0.39648D(xD5)=16, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Dolgan (Anabarsky, Volochanka, Ust-Avam, and Dudinka)0.390154D4l2=35, D3=8, D4e4a1=5, D4b1(xD3)=4, D4i2=2, D4j2=2, D4a=1, D2b1=1, D4m2=1, D5a2a2=1
Japanese (Japan)0.389672D4 (xD4e, D4g, D4h)=111, D4a=42, D4b=79, D5=30
Okinawa0.383326D4a=28, D4b=23, D4e=21, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=18, D4j=12, D4g(xD4g1)=12, D5=7, D4g1=4
Tibetan (Nyingchi, Tibet)0.37524D=9
Korean (South Korea)0.364261D4(xD4a, D4b)=36, D4b=20, D4a=18, D5=14, D(xD4, D5)=7
Japanese (Tokyo)0.356118D4=39, D5=3
Barghut (Hulunbuir)0.356149D4(xD2, D3)=47, D2=3, D3=2, D5=1
Buryat (Buryatia)0.349295D4(xD2, D3)=86?, D5=8, D3=7, D2=2
Buryat0.348419D4(xD2)=134, D5=9, D2=3
Korean (Ulsan)0.3421094D=374
Korean (South Korea)0.340203D5=15, D4b=14, D4a=10, D4j=9, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=8, D4e=7, D4g(xD4g1)=6
Khamnigan (Buryatia)0.33399D4(xD2, D3)=25, D3=5, D5=2, D2=1
Korean (northern China)0.33351D4(xD4a, D4b)=11, D4a=3, D5(xD5a)=2, D(xD4, D5)=1
Korean (Arun Banner)0.33348D(xD5)=11, D5(xD5a)=5
Yakut (vicinity of Yakutsk)0.329164D5a2a2=28, D4i2=9, D4c2=5, D4o2=4, D4j5=3, D4b1(xD3)=2, D4a=1, D4j8=1, D4l2=1
Korean (South Korea)0.326850D4a(xD4a1, D4a2, D4a3)=64, D4b1=6, D4b2=36, D4e1=9, D4e2=17, D4f1=18, D4g1=16, D4j=12, D4(xD4g2)=49, D5=50
Korean (South Korea)0.324185D4(xD4a, D4b)=44, D5(xD5a)=6, D5a=3, D4a=3, D4b=3, D(xD4, D5)=1
Yi (Luxi, Yunnan)0.32331D(xD5)=8, D5(xD5a)=2
Korean (South Korea)0.322593D=7, D4=93, D4a=30, D4b=30, D5=31
Evenk (New Barag Left Banner)0.31947D(xD5)=12, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Evenk (Krasnoyarsk)0.30173D4(xD2, D3)=13, D5=5, D3=4
Han (Beijing)0.30040D4(xD4a, D4b)=5, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2, D4a=2
Japanese (Miyazaki)0.300100D4(xD4a,D4b1,D4b2b)=16, D4a=5, D4b2b=3, D5a(xD5a2)=3, D4b1=1, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a2=1
Turkmen (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.30020D4c=5, D(xD4c)=1
Yakut0.299117D(xD5)=17, D5a=17, D5(xD5a)=1
Yakut (Vilyuy River basin)0.297111D5a2a2=20, D4i2=4, D4c2=2, D2b1=2, D4b1(xD3)=1, D4e4a(xD4e4a1)=1, D4j2=1, D4j4a=1, D4o2=1
Iu Mien (Mengla, Yunnan)0.29627D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=1
Han (Southwest China; pool of 44 Sichuan, 34 Chongqing, 33 Yunnan, and 26 Guizhou)0.292137D4(xD4a)=29, D5a=6, D4a=5
Nganasan0.29224D3=4, D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=3
Kalmyk (Kalmykia)0.291110D4(xD2, D3)=24, D5=6, D2=2
Nivkh (northern Sakhalin)0.28656D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=16
Tibetan (Nagchu, Tibet)0.28635D=10
Daur (Hulunbuir)0.282209D4(xD4c, D4j, D4m)=42, D2b=1, D5=16,
Evenk (Ust-Maysky, Oleneksky, and Zhigansky)0.280125D5a2a2=10, D4l2=8, D2b1=3, D4b1(xD3)=2, D3=2, D4c2=2, D4e4a1=2, D4j4a=2, D4j5=2, D4j8=1, D4o2=1
Chinese (Shenyang, Liaoning)0.275160D5=16, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=6, D4b=5, D4e=5, D4g(xD4g1)=5, D4j=4, D6=2, D4a=1
Hani (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.27333D(xD5)=6, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Lahu (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.26715D(xD5)=4
Kazakh (Kosh-Agach, Altai Republic)0.26598D4(xD2, D3)=22, D5=4
Tubalar (Altai Republic)0.264144D4b1a2a1=10, D4j=6, D4o=6, D4(xD4l, D4m)=9, D5c=7
Yakut (northern Yakutia)0.257148D5a2a2=9, D4e4a(xD4e4a1)=6, D4j2=5, D4l2=4, D4i2=3, D5b1d=3, D4c2=2, D4j5=2, D3=1, D2b1=1, D4m2=1, D4o2=1
Nganasan (Ust-Avam, Volochanka, and Novaya)0.25639D3a1=7, D6=2, D4a=1
Han (Xinjiang)0.25547D(xD5)=9, D5a=2, D5(xD5a)=1
Kyrgyz (Sary-Tash)0.25547D(xD5)=12
Nuu-Chah-Nulth0.255102D=26
Han (southern California)0.254390D(xD4a, D5)=53, D5=28, D4a=18
Manchurian0.25040D4(xD4a, D4b)=8, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Even (Eveno-Bytantaysky & Momsky)0.248105D4c2=5, D4l2=5, D4i2=3, D4j5=3, D5a2a2=3, D4m2=2, D4a=1, D3=1, D2b1=1, D4j4(xD4j4a)=1, D4o2=1
Tubalar (Altai Republic)0.245143D4=28, D5=7
Teleut (Kemerovo)0.24553D4(xD2, D3)=12, D5=1
Daur (Evenk Autonomous Banner)0.24445D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=2
Evenk (Buryatia)0.24445D3=6, D4(xD2, D3)=4, D2=1
Han (Taiwan)0.2431117D=271
Negidal0.24233D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=8
Aini (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.24050D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Ainu0.23551D(xD5,D6)=8, D5=4
Taiwanese (Taipei, Taiwan)0.23191D5=11, D4a=5, D4b=2, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=2, D4g(xD4g1)=1
Mongolian (Dornod Province)0.230370D2b=6, D4a=7, D4b=12, D4(xD4e, D4o)=34, D4j=19, D5a=6, D5b=1
Darjeeling (general population)0.22766D4=13
D5=2
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.22631D(xD4b, D5)=6, D4b=1
Uzbek (Xinjiang)0.22458D(xD5)=11, D5(xD5a)=2
Yakut (Yakutia)0.22236D4(xD2, D3)=5, D2=1, D3=1, D5=1
Yukaghir (Upper Kolyma)0.22218D5a1=3, D6=1
Tujia (western Hunan)0.21964D(xD5)=9, D5a=4, D5(xD5a)=1
Ulchi0.21887D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=13, D1a=4, D3=2
Han (Beijing Normal University)0.215121D4=15, D5=11
Vietnamese0.21442D4(xD4a, D4b)=7, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Mongolian (Khentii Province)0.212132D4=1, D4b=4, D4e=3, D4g=3, D4h=2, D4j=2, D4m=1, D4o=8, D5a=4
Evenk (53 Stony Tunguska basin & 18 Tugur-Chumikan)0.21171D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=13, D3=1, D5=1
Telengit (Altai Republic)0.21171D4(xD2, D3)=15
Guoshan Yao (Jianghua, Hunan)0.20824D(xD5)=4, D5(xD5a)=1
Mongolian (Sükhbaatar Province)0.207246D1j=1, D4a=5, D4b=3, D4c=10, D4e=3, D4(xD4g, D4h, D4l, D4m, D4o)=11, D4j=11, D5a=5, D5b=2
Tibetan (Chamdo, Tibet)0.20729D4(xD4a)=3, D5a=2, D4a=1
Tibetan (Shigatse, Tibet)0.20729D4(xD4a)=4, D5a=2
Oirat Mongol (Xinjiang)0.20449D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=1
Kyrgyz (Xinjiang)0.203138D4(xD4b,D4e)=20
D5=4
D4b=2
D4e=2
Siberian Eskimos0.20379D2=12, D3=4 (4/8 Naukan, 7/25 Sireniki, 5/46 Chaplin)
Karakalpak (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.20020D(xD4c)=4
Kyrgyz (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.20020D(xD4c)=4
Ulch people0.200160D4=18, D4o=13, D5=1
Nu (Gongshan, Yunnan)0.20030D(xD5)=6
Buryat0.198126D(xD5)=20, D5a=3, D5(xD5a)=2
Mongolian (Khovd Province)0.198429D2b=1, D4a=1, D4b1=6, D4b1a2a1=4, D4b1c=4, D4b2a2a=6, D4b2d=8, D4(xD4c, D4e, D4g, G4h, D4m, D4o)=29, D4j=10, D5a1=1, D5a2a=11, D5b=4
Mongolian (Mongolia)0.1972420last1=Cardinalifirst1=Irenelast2=Bodnerfirst2=Martinlast3=Capodiferrofirst3=Marco Rosariolast4=Amoryfirst4=Christinalast5=Rambaldi Migliorefirst5=Nicolalast6=Gomezfirst6=Edgar J.last7=Myagmarfirst7=Erdenelast8=Dashzevegfirst8=Tumenlast9=Caranofirst9=Francescolast10=Woodwardfirst10=Scott R.last11=Parsonfirst11=Waltherlast12=Peregofirst12=Ugo A.last13=Lancionifirst13=Hoviraglast14=Achillifirst14=Alessandrodate=2022title=Mitochondrial DNA Footprints from Western Eurasia in Modern Mongoliajournal=Frontiers in Geneticsvolume=12article-number=819337doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.819337doi-access=freepmid=35069708pmc=8773455issn=1664-8021}}D4b=76, D4c=68, D4j=64, D4(xD1, D2)=199, D5(xD6)=71
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.196102D(xD5)=15, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Kazakh (Zhetysu)0.195200last=Ayken Askapuli, Miguel Vilar, Humberto Garcia-Ortizdate=2022title=Kazak mitochondrial genomes provide insights into the human population history of Central Eurasiajournal=PLOS ONEvolume=17issue=11article-number=e0277771doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0277771doi-access=freepmid=36445929pmc=9707748bibcode=2022PLoSO..1777771A }}D1=1, D4=32, D5=6
Tubalar0.19472D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=10, D5=3, D3=1
Hmong (Jishou, Hunan)0.194103D(xD5)=15, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Bai (Dali, Yunnan)0.19168D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=4
Mansi0.19063D=12
Lowland Yao (Fuchuan, Guangxi)0.19042D(xD5)=7, D5a=1
Khasi0.190368D4=48
D(xD4, D5a)=22
Mizo0.18848D4=9
Nyishi0.18848D4=7
D5=2
Yi (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.18816D(xD5)=3
Tibetan (Nyingchi, Tibet)0.18554D4(xD4a)=9, D5a=1
Poumai Naga0.18449D4=9
Kazakh (Kazakhstan)0.18255D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=1
Hmong (Wenshan, Yunnan)0.17939D(xD5)=6, D5(xD5a)=1
Han (Denver)0.17873D4=10, D5=3
Yukaghir (Lower Kolyma-Indigirka)0.17182D9=4, D8=2, D7=2, D5a1=2, D3a1=2, D3a2=1, D2(xD2a1a)=1
Sherpa (India)0.16754D4=9
Pumi (Ninglang, Yunnan)0.16736D(xD5)=6
Tujia (Yongshun, Hunan)0.16730D(xD5)=3, D5(xD5a)=2
Yakama0.16742D=7
Bhotia (Uttarakhand)0.16455D4=9
Han (Hunan & Fujian)0.16455D4=6, D5=2, D6=1
Uyghur (Kazakhstan)0.16455D(xD5)=9
Khanty0.160106D=17
Buryat (Kushun, Nizhneudinsk, Irkutsk)0.16025D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=4
Bai (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.15819D(xD5)=3
Khakassians (Khakassia)0.15857D4(xD2, D3)=9
Mien (Shangsi, Guangxi)0.15632D(xD5)=5
Hui (Xinjiang)0.15645D(xD5)=6, D5a=1
Altai (Altai Republic)0.155110D=17
Tuvinian (Tuva)0.152105D4(xD2, D3)=9, D2=3, D5=3, D3=1
Nogai (Daghestan)0.15233D=5
Kim Mun (Malipo, Yunnan)0.15040D(xD5)=6
Tajik (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.15020D4c=2, D(xD4c)=1
Yi (Shuangbai, Yunnan)0.15040D(xD5)=4, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Yi (Hezhang County, Guizhou)0.15020D(xD4b, D5)=3
Zhuang (Napo County, Guangxi)0.146130D4=13, D5=3, D(xD4,D5)=3
Kyrgyz (Talas)0.14648D(xD5)=7
Bella Coola0.14384D=12
Lahu (Lancang, Yunnan)0.14335D(xD5)=5
Tuvan0.13795D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=9, D3=3, D5=1
Tibetan (Lhasa, Tibet)0.13644D4(xD4a)=5, D5a=1
Yukaghir (Verkhnekolymsky & Nizhnekolymsky)0.13622D4j5=1, D4l2=1, D5a2a2=1
Chukchi (Anadyr)0.13315D2=2
Kazakh (Xinjiang)0.13253D(xD5)=7
Sema Naga0.13054D4=7
Mongolian (Ulan Bator)0.12847D4(xD4a, D4b)=5, D4b=1
Tibetan (Shannan, Tibet)0.12755D4(xD4a)=5, D4a=1, D5a=1
Chakhesang Naga0.12755D4=7
Altai Kizhi (Altai Republic)0.126324last=Matthew C. Dulik,1 Sergey I. Zhadanov,1,2 Ludmila P. Osipova,2 Ayken Askapuli,1,3 Lydia Gau,1 Omer Gokcumen,1,4 Samara Rubinstein,1,5 and Theodore G. Schurr1date=2012title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaiansjournal=American Journal of Human Geneticsvolume=90issue=2pages=229–246doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014pmid=22281367pmc=3276666bibcode=2012AmJHG..90..229D }}D4=39, D5=2
Shor (Kemerovo)0.12282D4(xD2, D3)=9, D5=1
Chukchi0.12166D2=7, D3=1
Bunu (19 Bu Nu from Dahua & 6 Mu Bin from Tianlin)0.12025D(xD5)=2, D5a=1
Kurd (northwestern Iran)0.12025D4(xD2, D3)=3
Udmurt (Malo-Purginsky & Tatyshlinsky)0.119101D=12
Karelian (Viena)0.11587D5=10
Tibetan refugees in India0.112107D4=9
D5=3
Sulawesi (89 Manado, 64 Toraja, 46 Ujung Padang, & 38 Palu)0.110237D5=20, D(xD5)=6
Han (Taiwanese)0.108111D4a=2, D5b1=2, D4b1b=1, D4b2b5=1, D4g2=1, D4j1a(xD4j1a1)=1, D4j6=1, D5(xD5a2a1, D5b)=1, D5a2a1=1, D5b(xD5b1)=1
Mongolian (Ulan Bator)0.10647D4(xD2, D3)=5
Uyghur (Xinjiang)0.10647D(xD5)=3, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Ao Naga0.10666D4=5
D5=1
D(xD4,D5)=1
Kazakh (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.10020D4c=1, D(xD4c)=1
Khasi0.10040D4=4
Tharu (Morang, Nepal)0.10040D4e1a=2, D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=2
Tatar (Aznakayevo)0.09971D=7
Chuvantsi (Markovo, Chukotka)0.09432D3a2a=2, D2a1a=1
Lahu (Simao, Yunnan)0.09432D(xD5)=2, D5(xD5a)=1
Bashkir (Beloretsky, Sterlibashevsky, Ilishevsky, & Perm)0.090221D=20
Tharu (Chitwan, Nepal)0.090133D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=7, D4j=5
Altay Kizhi0.08990D4(xD2, D3)=6, D3=2
Tibetan (Zhongdian, Yunnan)0.08635D(xD5)=3
Mansi0.08298D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=6, D3=1, D5=1
Lisu (Gongshan, Yunnan)0.08137D(xD5)=3
Lanten Yao (Tianlin, Guangxi)0.07726D(xD5)=1, D5(xD5a)=1
Hmong (Northern Thailand)0.076158D4e1a3=9
D4e1a=1
D4b=1
D5b4=1
Thai0.07540D(xD4, D5)=2, D4(xD4a, D4b)=1
Uzbek (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.07540D(xD4c)=3
Tu Yao (Hezhou, Guangxi)0.07341D(xD5)=3
Dong (Tianzhu County, Guizhou)0.07128D(xD4b, D5)=2
Tibetan (Qinghai)0.07156D(xD5)=4
Ambon0.07043D(xD5)=2, D5=1
Tujia (Yanhe County, Guizhou)0.06929D5=1, D(xD4b, D5)=1
Tajik (Tajikistan)0.06844D4(xD2, D3)=2, D5=1
Turkmen (Afghanistan)0.06775D4(xD4j)=4
D4j=1
Dungan (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.06316D(xD4c)=1
Bapai Yao (Liannan, Guangdong)0.05735D(xD5)=2
Jino (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.05618D5(xD5a)=1
Komi-Permyak (Komi-Permyak Autonomous District)0.05474D=4
Taono O'odham0.05437D=2
Taiwan aborigines0.053640D5'6=26, D4=8
Apache0.05338D=2
Tibetan (Shannan, Tibet)0.05319D=1
Huatou Yao (Fangcheng, Guangxi)0.05319D(xD5)=1
Li (Hainan)0.052346D5'6=13, D4=5
Hazara (Afghanistan)0.05178D4j=2
D4(xD4j)=2
Borneo (89 Banjarmasin & 68 Kota Kinabalu)0.051157D5=7, D(xD5)=1
Iranian (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.05020D(xD4c)=1
Karelian (Tver)0.04961D5=2, D(xD5)=1
Tatar (Buinsk)0.048126D=6
Thailand0.048105D=5
Uzbek (Afghanistan)0.047127D4j=2
D4(xD4j)=2
D5'6=2
Naxi (Lijiang, Yunnan)0.04445D(xD5)=2
Hindu (Chitwan, Nepal)0.04224D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=1
Tajik (Afghanistan)0.041146D4(xD4j)=4
D4j=1
D5'6=1
Changpa0.04050D4=1
D5=1
Chuvash (Morgaushsky)0.03655D=2
Cun (Hainan)0.03330D4=1
Wuzhou Yao (Fuchuan, Guangxi)0.03231D(xD5)=1
Filipino0.03164D5b=1, D6=1
Pan Yao (Tianlin, Guangxi)0.03132D(xD5)=1
Filipino (Mindanao)0.02970D6=2
Karelian (Aunus)0.028218D5=6
Ket0.02638D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=1
Tatar (Almetyevsky & Yelabuzhsky)0.026228D=6
Persian (eastern Iran)0.02482D4(xD2, D3)=1, D5=1
Lombok (Mataram)0.02344D5=1
Filipino (Luzon)0.023177D6=2, D5b=1, D(xD5b, D6)=1
Alor0.02245D(xD5)=1
Cham (Bình Thuận, Vietnam)0.018168D4=3
Turkish people0.017773last1=Karsfirst1=M. Ecelast2=Başakfirst2=A. Nazlılast3=Onatfirst3=O. Emrelast4=Bilguvarfirst4=Kayalast5=Choifirst5=Jungminlast6=Itanfirst6=Yuvallast7=Çağlarfirst7=Canerlast8=Palvadeaufirst8=Robinlast9=Casanovafirst9=Jean-Laurentlast10=Cooperfirst10=David N.last11=Stensonfirst11=Peter D.last12=Yavuzfirst12=Alperlast13=Buluşfirst13=Hakanlast14=Günelfirst14=Muratlast15=Friedmanfirst15=Jeffrey M.date=2021-09-07title=The genetic structure of the Turkish population reveals high levels of variation and admixturejournal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesvolume=118issue=36article-number=e2026076118doi=10.1073/pnas.2026076118pmid=34426522doi-access=freepmc=8433500bibcode=2021PNAS..11826076K }}D4=1, D4c2b=1, D4e4=2, D4g1b=1, D4g2=2, D4j(xD4j6, D4j7, D4j12)=5, D4m2a=1
Mari (Zvenigovsky)0.015136D=2
Koryak0.013155D3=2
Bali0.01282D5=1
Pashtun (Afghanistan)0.01190D4j=1
Mordvinian (Staroshaygovsky)0.010102D=1
Filipino (Visayas)0.009112D6=1
Kiliwa0.0007-
Seri0.0008-
Dingban Yao (Mengla, Yunnan)0.00010-
Xiban Yao (Fangcheng, Guangxi)0.00011-
Cochimí0.00013-
Filipino (Palawan)0.00020-
River Yuman0.00022-
Delta Yuman0.00023-
Tibetan (Diqing, Yunnan)0.00024-
Zuni0.00026-
Pai Yuman0.00027-
Batek (Malaysia)0.00029-
Batak (Palawan)0.00031-
Lingao (Hainan)0.00031-
Nahua0.00031-
Mendriq (Malaysia)0.00032-
Temuan (Malaysia)0.00033-
Jemez0.00036-
Akimal O'odham0.00043-
Java (incl. 36 from Tengger)0.00046-
Tofalar0.00046-
Udegey0.00046-
Itelmen0.00047-
Sumba (Waingapu)0.00050-
Jahai (Malaysia)0.00051-
Senoi (51 Temiar & 1 Semai, Malaysia)0.00052-
Filipino0.00061-
Semelai (Malaysia)0.00061-
Komi-Zyryan (Sysolsky)0.00062-
Navajo0.00064-
Sumatra0.000180-

Famous members

  • Ruth Simmons is a member of haplogroup D1.
  • Comedian and actress Margaret Cho is in haplogroup D5a2a1b.

References

References

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