Hanover, New Hampshire

History

Hanover was chartered by Governor Benning Wentworth on July 4, 1761, and in 1765–1766 its first European inhabitants arrived, the majority from Connecticut. Although the surface is uneven, the town developed into an agricultural community. Dartmouth College was established in 1769 beside the town common at a village called "the Plain"—an extensive and level tract of land a mile (1.6 kilometers) from the Connecticut River, and about 150 ft above it.

At one point in its history, the southwest corner of Hanover, site of "The Plain", was known as "Dresden", which in the 1780s joined other disgruntled New Hampshire towns along the Connecticut River that briefly defected to what was then the independent Vermont Republic. After various political posturings, however, the towns returned to New Hampshire at the heated insistence of George Washington. One remnant of this era is that the name "Dresden" is still used in the Dresden School District, an interstate school district serving both Hanover and Norwich, Vermont—the first and one of the few interstate school districts in the nation.

The film Winter Carnival (1939) was shot in Hanover.

Etymology

"Hannover" (with a double n, as it was spelled in the 1761 charter and in its German original form as well) was named either after a local parish in Sprague, Connecticut, or after the German House of Hanover (which originated in 1635 as a cadet branch of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg when George, Duke of Brunswick moved to the city of Hannover) in honor of the reigning British-Hanoverian king, George III. Today, the original Hannover is the capital and largest city of Lower Saxony, the second-largest state in Germany. The name of the German city is thought to derive from the Low German form of what is "hohes Ufer" in German, which translates into "high shore" in English, and describes the high shore of the Leine river at the site, and at the time, of the first known settlement (near today's street ).

While it is likely that the name "Dresden" derived from Dresden in Germany, it has also been suggested that it could derive directly from the old Sorbian word drezg ("forest") or Drezd'ane, for an inhabitant of a forest.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 129.9 sqkm, of which 127.0 sqkm are land and 2.9 sqkm are water, comprising 2.21% of the town. The primary settlement in Hanover, where over 75% of the town's population resides, is in the southwestern corner of the town and is defined as the Hanover census-designated place (CDP). It contains the areas around Dartmouth College and the intersections of New Hampshire Routes 10, 10A, and 120. The CDP has a total area of 5.0 sqmi, of which 4.6 sqmi are land and 0.4 sqmi are water.

Hanover borders the towns of Lyme, Canaan, and Enfield in New Hampshire; the town of Norwich, Vermont; and the city of Lebanon, New Hampshire. Inside the limits of Hanover are the small rural villages of Etna and Hanover Center.

The highest point in Hanover is the north peak of Moose Mountain, at 2313 ft above sea level. Hanover lies fully within the Connecticut River watershed.

There are a number of trails and nature preserves in Hanover, and the majority of these trails are suitable for snowshoes and cross-country skis. The Velvet Rocks Trail, located on the Appalachian Trail, has a number of rock climbing and bouldering spots.

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hanover has a hot-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Hanover was 103 F on August 2, 1975, while the coldest temperature recorded was -40 F on February 16, 1943.

|Jan record high F = 64 |Feb record high F = 66 |Mar record high F = 86 |Apr record high F = 93 |May record high F = 96 |Jun record high F = 98 |Jul record high F = 101 |Aug record high F = 103 |Sep record high F = 97 |Oct record high F = 87 |Nov record high F = 79 |Dec record high F = 76

|Jan avg record high F = 49.4 |Feb avg record high F = 52.4 |Mar avg record high F = 62.5 |Apr avg record high F = 79.5 |May avg record high F = 87.6 |Jun avg record high F = 91.4 |Jul avg record high F = 92.3 |Aug avg record high F = 90.4 |Sep avg record high F = 87.0 |Oct avg record high F = 76.5 |Nov avg record high F = 65.6 |Dec avg record high F = 52.4 |year avg record high F = 94.2

|Jan avg record low F = -11.8 |Feb avg record low F = -9.0 |Mar avg record low F = 0.1 |Apr avg record low F = 21.0 |May avg record low F = 30.8 |Jun avg record low F = 41.7 |Jul avg record low F = 49.4 |Aug avg record low F = 47.5 |Sep avg record low F = 36.2 |Oct avg record low F = 25.3 |Nov avg record low F = 13.9 |Dec avg record low F = -1.6 |year avg record low F = -15.3

|Jan record low F = -34 |Feb record low F = -40 |Mar record low F = -22 |Apr record low F = 0 |May record low F = 20 |Jun record low F = 29 |Jul record low F = 38 |Aug record low F = 33 |Sep record low F = 22 |Oct record low F = 11 |Nov record low F = -12 |Dec record low F = -37

|Jan snow depth inch = 12.0 |Feb snow depth inch = 15.3 |Mar snow depth inch = 13.2 |Apr snow depth inch = 3.3 |May snow depth inch = 0.0 |Jun snow depth inch = 0.0 |Jul snow depth inch = 0.0 |Aug snow depth inch = 0.0 |Sep snow depth inch = 0.0 |Oct snow depth inch = 0.2 |Nov snow depth inch = 1.6 |Dec snow depth inch = 8.3 |year snow depth inch = 17.8

|access-date = February 5, 2023 |access-date = February 5, 2023

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 11,260 people, 3,119 households, and 1,797 families residing in the town. The population density was 220 /mi2. There were 3,278 housing units at an average density of 65.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the town was 81.0% White, 3.4% Black, 0.8% Native American, 10.8% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.9% of the population.

There were 3,119 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.4% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.8% at or under the age of 19, 25.5% from 20 to 24, 14.4% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years.

For the period 2010–2014, the estimated median income for a household in the town was $94,063, and the median income for a family was $129,000. Male full-time workers had a median income of $87,550 versus $53,141 for females. The per capita income for the town was $34,140. About 2.0% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government

In the New Hampshire Senate, Hanover is included in the 5th District and is represented by Democrat Suzanne Prentiss. On the New Hampshire Executive Council, Hanover is in the 1st District and is represented by Republican Joseph Kenney. In the United States House of Representatives, Hanover is a part of New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district and is currently represented by Democrat Maggie Goodlander.

No Republican presidential nominee has received over 40 percent of the vote in the town since George H. W. Bush in 1988.

Education

Public schools

• Hanover High School
• Frances C. Richmond Middle School
• Bernice A. Ray Elementary School

Universities

• Dartmouth College

Private schools

• The Clark School was at one time located in Hanover but merged with Cardigan Mountain School in the nearby town of Canaan in 1953.

Economy

Hypertherm, White Mountains Insurance Group, and Daat Research Corp. are based in Hanover.

Infrastructure

Water

The Hanover Water Company supplies water for downtown Hanover from several local reservoirs. The company is owned by Dartmouth College (52.8%) and the Town of Hanover (47.2%), with management by the Town of Hanover under a contract. In 2000, all full-time company employees became town employees. In recent years, the town has spent over $20 million to upgrade main water lines, and will undergo another $6 million project to build a new water treatment plant. Outside the downtown area, residents rely on private wells that are not maintained by the town.

Other utilities

FairPoint Communications furnishes telephone communication. The municipality provides sewage treatment.

Plaudits

CNN and Money magazine rated Hanover the sixth best place to live in America in 2011, and the second best in 2007. "This just might be the best college town," read the headline of a story in the January–February 2017 issue of Yankee.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Hanover, New Hampshire

References

References

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