Hand tool

History

Hand tools have been used by humans since the Stone Age, when stone tools were used for hammering and cutting. During the Bronze Age, tools were made by casting alloys of copper and tin. Bronze tools were sharper and harder than those made of stone. During the Iron Age iron replaced bronze, and tools became even stronger and more durable. The Romans developed tools during this period which are similar to those being produced today. After the Industrial Revolution, most tools were made in factories rather than by craftspeople.

A large collection of British hand tools dating from 1700 to 1950 is held by St Albans Museum. Most of the tools were collected by Raphael Salaman (1906–1993), who wrote two classic works on the subject: Dictionary of Woodworking Tools and Dictionary of Leather-working Tools. David Russell's vast collection of Western hand tools from the Stone Age to the twentieth century led to the publication of his book Antique Woodworking Tools.

General categories

The American Industrial Hygiene Association gives the following categories of hand tools: wrenches, pliers, cutters, striking tools, struck or hammered tools, screwdrivers, vises, clamps, snips, saws, drills and knives.

References

References

1. Scott P. Schneider. (1998). "Chemical, industries and occupations". [[International Labour Organization]].
2. (1999). "Ergonomics and Safety in Hand Tool Design". CRC.
3. [[Raphael Salaman. Salaman, R. A.]] (1997 edition revised by Philip Walker; first published in 1975 by George Allen & Unwin [Publishers] Ltd). ''Dictionary of Woodworking Tools, c. 1700–1970'' Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press {{ISBN. 978-1-879335-79-0.
4. [[Raphael Salaman. Salaman, R. A.]] (1996). ''Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c.1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades'' Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press {{ISBN. 978-1-879335-72-1.
5. [[David R. Russell. Russell, David R.]], with Robert Lesage and photographs by [[James Austin (photographer). James Austin]], cataloguing assisted by Peter Hackett (2010). ''[[Antique Woodworking Tools. Antique Woodworking Tools: Their Craftsmanship from the Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century]]'' Cambridge: [[John Adamson (publisher). John Adamson]] {{ISBN. 978-1-898565-05-5 {{OCLC. 727125586.