Hancock County, Tennessee

History

Hancock County was created from parts of Hawkins and Claiborne counties. The act establishing the county was passed by the state legislature in 1844, but several Hawkins residents sued to block its creation. In 1848, the Tennessee Supreme Court ruled in favor of the new county. The county seat, Sneedville, was named in honor of the attorney William H. Sneed, who represented the county in the court case. The county was named after the Revolutionary War patriot John Hancock.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 223 sqmi, of which 222 sqmi is land and 1.2 sqmi (0.5%) is water.

Unlike most of Tennessee, a sizable part of northern Hancock County is outside of the Sun Belt due to a past error surveying the northern border of Middle and East Tennessee. Sneedville in particular is north of the Sun Belt. The Sun Belt is defined by the Kinder Institute as being south of 36°30'N latitude, which was intended to be the northern border of Tennessee and is the actual northern border of West Tennessee.

Adjacent counties

• Lee County, Virginia (north)
• Scott County, Virginia (northeast)
• Hawkins County (east)
• Grainger County (southwest)
• Claiborne County (west)

State protected areas

• Kyles Ford Wildlife Management Area (part)

Major highways

There are 3 primary state highways and 4 secondary state highways that run through Hancock County.

• (to / and Hawkins County)
• (Turns to after the fork in Kyles Ford) then becomes in VA. Southbound to Tazewell and Central Claiborne County)
• (To Harrogate and Northern Claiborne County)
• (Turns to after the fork from SR 33 to the Virginia border. Then it becomes in VA. Southbound goes to Rogersville)
• (to / and NE Grainger County)
• Back Valley Rd (Connects downtown Sneedville with other communities with a terminus at going towards Tazewell)

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2020 2020

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 6,662, 2,827 households, and 1,729 families. The median age was 45.8 years, with 20.8% of residents under the age of 18 and 21.4% aged 65 years or older. For every 100 females there were 102.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 101.2 males age 18 and over.

As of the 2020 census, the racial makeup of the county was 95.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native,

As of the 2020 census,

The 2020 census recorded 2,827 households, of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 45.3% were married-couple households, 22.1% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 27.6% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The 2020 census recorded 3,669 housing units, of which 22.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 76.3% were owner-occupied and 23.7% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.5%.

2010 census

At the 2010 census, there were 6,819 people living in the county. 98.0% were White, 0.4% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% of some other race and 1.1% of two or more races. 0.2% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

2000 census

At the 2000 census, there were 6,786 people, 2,769 households and 1,938 families living in the county. The population density was 30 /mi2. There were 3,280 housing units at an average density of 15 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.91% White, 0.49% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. 0.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,769 households, of which 31.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.10% were married couples living together, 11.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were non-families. 27.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91.

23.10% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.80% from 18 to 24, 26.90% from 25 to 44, 25.50% from 45 to 64, and 15.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 95.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.30 males.

The median household income was $19,760, which was the lowest median household income of any county in Tennessee, and the 27th lowest in the United States. The median family income was $25,372. Males had a median income of $23,150 and females $18,199. The per capita income was $11,986. About 25.30% of families and 29.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.50% of those under age 18 and 30.70% of those age 65 or over.

The county as of the fiscal year 2020, was designated as an "economically distressed" area by the state government, and is one of the poorest in the state. Hancock County is estimated to experience a massive population decline.

Culture

Hancock County is known particularly for its population of people of Melungeon ancestry, who are believed to be of mixed European, African, and Native American heritage. The Vardy Community School, which provided state-mandated education for Melungeon children in the early 20th century, is now a historic site located in the Newman's Ridge area.

Communities

City

• Sneedville (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

• Alanthus Hill
• Kyles Ford
• Mulberry Gap
• Treadway
• Xenophon

Politics

Like all of Unionist East Tennessee, Hancock County has been overwhelmingly Republican since the Civil War. Since the Republican Party first contested the state in 1868, every official Republican nominee has gained an absolute majority of Hancock County's vote, even William Howard Taft during 1912 when the GOP was bitterly divided. The only post-Civil War Democratic presidential nominee to even reach forty percent of Hancock County's vote has been Bill Clinton in 1992, when he was aided by the local popularity of Senator Al Gore, a Smith County native.

Education

There is one school district in the county, Hancock County School District.

References

References

1. William G. Cook, "[http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=593 Hancock County]," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''. Retrieved: October 16, 2013.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
3. Gannett, Henry. (1905). "The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States". Govt. Print. Off..
4. (August 22, 2012). "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
5. https://www.williamsonherald.com/features/w_life/tennessee-history-a-closer-look-at-why-state-s-northern-border-is-askew/article_fa390acc-5383-11ea-ab72-9bfcdc4177a8.html
6. https://kinder.rice.edu/urbanedge/large-young-and-fast-growing-sun-belt-metros-need-urban-policy-innovation#:~:text=The%20Kinder%20Institute%20defines%20the,degrees%2030%20minutes%20north%20latitude
7. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau.
8. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library.
9. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau.
10. (April 2, 2001). "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". United States Census Bureau.
11. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau.
12. "2020 Census Data".
13. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
14. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
15. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
16. "U.S. Census website". [[United States Census Bureau]].
17. [http://www.tennessee.gov/tacir/County_Profile/hancock_profile.htm Hancock County, Tennessee, Selected Statistical Information], Tennessee Advisory Committee on Intergovernmental Relations, accessed April 26, 2008
18. "Distressed Counties".
19. "Hancock County, TN".
20. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
21. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Hancock County, TN". [[U.S. Census Bureau]].