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Guido Buffarini Guidi

Italian Army officer and politician

Summary

Italian Army officer and politician

Field	Value
name	Guido Buffarini Guidi
image	Guido Buffarini Guidi foto giovanile.jpg
caption	Young Guido Buffarini
office	Minister of the Interior of the Italian Social Republic
term_start	23 September 1943
term_end	21 February 1945
predecessor	Office established
successor	Paolo Zerbino
birth_date	17 August 1895
birth_place	Pisa, Kingdom of Italy
death_date	10 July 1945 (age 50)
death_place	Milan, Kingdom of Italy
party	National Fascist Party (1921–43)
Republican Fascist Party (1943–45)
height	1.55 m
education	University of Pisa
occupation	Politician
allegiance	Kingdom of Italy
branch
serviceyears	1914-23
rank	[[File:Rank insignia of capitano of the Army of Italy (1973).svg	25px]] Captain
battles	World War I

Republican Fascist Party (1943–45)

Guido Buffarini Guidi (17 August 1895 – 10 July 1945) was an Italian army officer and politician, and was executed for war atrocities during the Italian Civil War in 1945.

Early life and education

Buffarini Guidi was born in Pisa in 1895. When Italy entered World War I, he volunteered in an artillery regiment. He was promoted to rank of captain in 1917, and remained on active duty in the Italian Army until 1923 – in the meantime, he earned his bachelor's degree in law from the University of Pisa in March 1920.

World War II

Buffarini Guidi (right) in [[Fara Sabina]] with [[Queen Elena of Italy]], November 1933.]]After leaving the army, with the rank of [[lieutenant colonel]], he became active in Fascist circles, and joined the [[National Fascist Party]] (PNF). A mayor of Pisa in April 1923, Buffarini Guidi headed the local Party hierarchy from 1924 (his notoriety being increased by his career as a lawyer). He rose to become honorary [[Consul]] of the MVSN [[Blackshirts]] - the voluntary [[militia]] after the [[March on Rome]].

In May 1933, he was appointed to be Undersecretary Minister of Interior, and forged an alliance with Galeazzo Ciano - opposing the Party bureaucracy, creating several secret services, and attempting to lessen the effects of Antisemitic legislation passed by the regime. Nevertheless, (and unlike Ciano), on 25 July 1943, Buffarini Guidi voted in favor of Benito Mussolini during Dino Grandi's attempt to have the latter deposed and get Italy to sign a peace with the Allies. As a reward, after Nazi Germany intervened and rescued Mussolini in September, Guido Buffarini Guidi was appointed Minister of the Interior of the new Italian Social Republic (established by Nazis in Northern Italy). Seen as extremely avaricious, he was distrusted even by most of his cabinet colleagues.

Arrest

Near the end of the Republic's life, in February 1945, Mussolini dismissed Buffarini Guidi from office. After a failed attempt to escape to Switzerland, he was arrested by the partisans on 26 April. Like any other Italian Fascist prosecuted for engaging in the Italian Civil War, he was tried under Italian law since the laws of war at the time had no provisions dealing with non-international armed conflict (NIAC). He was sentenced to death for atrocities committed in the Italian Civil War by an Extraordinary Court of Justice in Milan. He was executed by firing squad on 10 July, having tried (like French collaborator Pierre Laval) and survived a suicide attempt while in captivity.

While in prison, Guidi offered to reveal to the Allies compromising letters exchanged between Churchill and Mussolini during the war in exchange for his release; he was unsuccessful.

Appearances in film

In the 1973 film Massacre in Rome, Guido Guidi is portrayed by Italian actor Guidarino Guidi.

Notes

References

Roy Palmer Domenico. (1991). "Italian Fascists on Trial, 1943-1948". [[University of North Carolina Press]].

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

1895-births 1945-deaths mayors-of-pisa executed-politicians people-of-the-italian-social-republic 20th-century-italian-lawyers italian-politicians-convicted-of-crimes italian-people-executed-for-war-crimes people-executed-by-italy-by-firing-squad politicians-killed-in-world-war-ii

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