Granada hare

Taxonomy

Three subspecies of the Granada hare are known:

• Lepus granatensis granatensis is the most abundant and nominate subspecies, found in Andalusia, Extremadura, Meseta Central, Valencia and the south of Aragon and Catalonia. It is the only subspecies present in Portugal.
• Lepus granatensis gallaecius described by Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. in 1907 was a male adult hare collected in the Province of A Coruña. This subspecies with a darker coat occurs in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in Galicia.
• Lepus granatensis solisi, also called the Majorcan hare, is native to Majorca and Ibiza in the Balearic Islands. This subspecies was described by biologists Fernando Palacios Arribas and José Fernández López in 1992, who noted its overall smaller size and differing dental morphology from the nominate subspecies. It is considered either critically endangered by some zoologists or extinct by the IUCN.

The Granada hare has been noted as having high genetic diversity.

Description

The Granada hare is a hare of average adult weight 2-2.6 kg with distinctive reddish outer legs and a clear contrast between the gray-brown fur of its back and the white of its underside and inner legs. This white colouration travels to the tips of the toes. It is smaller than the broom hares (L. castroviejoi) and European hares (L. europaeus) that also occupy the Iberian peninsula, having a head and body length of 44.5 to 47.3 cm, hind foot length of 11.66 to 12.74 cm, and ear length of 9.25 to 10.27 cm.

Behaviour and ecology

Females will produce 2 young in each litter on average, though litters as large as 7 leverets have been recorded.

It may be parasitized by Taenia pisiformis, a tapeworm, as well as coccidiosis-causing parasites in the genus Eimeria. These parasites have marked effects on the host hare's escape ability, with negative effects increasing with parasite quantity and variety. Many other parasites are known to affect the Granada hare, including those in genera Ixodes, Spilopsyllus, Mosgovoyia, Trichostrongylus, Graphidium, Nematodiroides, Passalurus, Micipsella, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Haemodipsus, Linguatula, and Dicrocoelium. It has never been found to contract European brown hare syndrome, though it is susceptible to some strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus known since the 1990s. It may also develop bacterial infections, such as tularemia.

References

References

1. Hackländer, K.. (2025). "''Lepus granatensis''".
2. {{Lagomorphs2018
3. (2002-01-01). "Reproductive biology of the Iberian hare, ''Lepus granatensis'', in Portugal". Mammalian Biology.
4. {{MSW3 Hoffmann
5. (1907). "Two new forms of Spanish Hare". [[The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology]].
6. (1992-01-01). "A new subspecies of hare from Majorca (Balearic Islands)". [[Mammalia (journal).
7. (2002). "Atlas de los mamíferos terrestres de España". OAPN.
8. (2000-04-01). "New Genetic Variation in European Hares, Lepus granatensis and L. europaeus". Biochemical Genetics.
9. (2023). "Iberian hare ''Lepus granatensis'' Rosenhauer, 1856".
10. (2004-09-01). "Population parameters and reproductive biology of the Iberian hare ''Lepus granatensis'' in southern Iberia". Acta Theriologica.
11. (2008-03-01). "Body condition and parasite intensity correlates with escape capacity in Iberian hares (''Lepus granatensis'')". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.