Gran Turismo (1997 video game)

Gameplay

Gran Turismo is a racing game. The player must maneuver a car to compete against artificially intelligent drivers on various race tracks. The game uses two different modes: Arcade Mode and Simulation Mode (Gran Turismo Mode in PAL and Japanese versions). In the arcade mode, the player can freely choose the courses and vehicles they wish to use. Winning races unlocks additional cars and courses.

However, simulation mode requires the player to earn different levels of driver's licenses in order to participate in events, and earn credits (money), trophies and prize cars by winning race championships. Winning one particular championship also unlocks a video and a few additional demonstration tracks. Credits can be used to purchase additional vehicles, and for parts and tuning.

Gran Turismo features 140 cars and 11 race tracks (as well as their reversed versions). Two Honda NSX cars from 1992 were included in the Japanese version, but were removed from the North American and European versions. There is also a 1967 Chevrolet Corvette and a 1998 Mazda Roadster exclusive to the Arcade mode.

Development

The game took five years to complete with a development budget of $5 million. The development personnel were largely the same team which was behind the earlier PlayStation racers Motor Toon Grand Prix and Motor Toon Grand Prix 2, and Gran Turismo uses parts of the Motor Toon game engine, such as the physics model. Kazunori Yamauchi said that the development of Gran Turismo started in the second half of 1992. Yamauchi added that at different times only seven to fifteen people were assisting him. Since Motor Toon Grand Prix 2 was still in development when work on Gran Turismo started, several people only joined the development team after the completion of Motor Toon Grand Prix 2 freed them up to work on Gran Turismo.

When asked how difficult it was to create Gran Turismo, Yamauchi remarked: "It took five years. In those five years, we could not see the end. I would wake up at work, go to sleep at work. It was getting cold, so I knew it must be winter. I estimate I was home only four days a year." Gran Turismo was the first game designed to fully support the PlayStation's DualShock controller.

When Gran Turismo was released in Japan, Polys Entertainment was still a development group within Sony Computer Entertainment's internal development team. The studio was reestablished as Polyphony Digital in April 1998, before the Western release of the game. Yamauchi estimated that Gran Turismo utilized around 75% of the PlayStation's maximum performance.

The PAL and NTSC versions of Gran Turismo notably contained a soundtrack which featured major label artists: Garbage, Manic Street Preachers (with a song remixed by The Chemical Brothers), Ash, Cubanate, Feeder (on PAL versions only), and TMF (on NTSC versions only). Additionally, a companion soundtrack album was released by the major label EMI in late 1998. It featured a few of the in-game songs, along with other artists that did not appear in the game, such as David Bowie, Blur, Placebo, Terrorvision, The Dandy Warhols, among others.

Reception

Commercial

Gran Turismo was a commercial hit. In May 1998, Sony awarded Gran Turismo a "Double Platinum Prize" for sales above 2 million units in Japan alone. In its first month on the Japanese market, it sold over 1 million copies, making it the best-selling video game of the 1997 holiday shopping season in Japan. Overall in 1998, it ranked third in the best-selling video games of that year in the country, only behind Pokémon and Resident Evil 2.

In the United States, it was the best-selling PlayStation game of 1998 with 1,431,483 sales and revenue. It was again the best-selling PlayStation game of 1999 in the United States, where it sold 1.3 million units and grossed an estimated that year, adding up to sales and about revenue in the United States by 1999.

It was also a high-seller in Australia, selling over 100,000 units in the first two months and with sales exceeding 130,000 by October 1998. It received a "Gold" award from the Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland (VUD) in August 1998, for sales of at least 100,000 units across Germany, Austria and Switzerland. It sold 270,000 units in the German market from January through September 1998, which made it the region's best-selling console game of the period across all systems. The VUD raised it to "Platinum" status, indicating 200,000 sales, by November. At the 1999 Milia festival in Cannes, it took home a "Platinum" prize for revenues above or in the European Union during 1998. This made it Europe's second-highest-grossing game of the year, behind Tomb Raider III. It was again Europe's second highest-grossing game of 1999 with or grossed that year, adding up to over or grossed in Europe by 1999, and over across Europe and the United States by 1999.

By March 1999, Gran Turismo had sold over six million units worldwide, of which two million were derived from the United States. By February 2000, it had sold 7 million units worldwide, for which it was awarded the Guinness World Record for Best-Selling Driving Simulator. By December 2000, it had sold more than 10 million copies worldwide, including 3.7 million units in the United States. As of April 2008, the game has shipped 2.55 million copies in Japan, 10,000 in Southeast Asia, 4.3 million in Europe, and 3.99 million in North America, for a total of 10.85 million copies. It remains the best-selling video game for the PlayStation and the fifth highest-selling game in the Gran Turismo franchise, behind Gran Turismo 4, Gran Turismo 5, Gran Turismo Sport and Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec respectively.

Critical

Gran Turismo received widespread acclaim, with praise for its graphics, It was classified as "universal acclaim" by review aggregator website Metacritic.

A number of critics gave particular praise to the replay mode, lauding the usage of multiple camera views and likening the quality to live action video. The ability to upgrade and customize cars in a variety of ways was also widely applauded, with some noting this allows the player to build a car that fits their own particular playstyle and compensates for their own weaknesses. Dean Hager of Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM) and Vince Broady of GameSpot both particularly noted Gran Turismos successful blend of arcade-style and simulation racing, with Broady commenting, "Some players enjoy the raw excitement and unfettered control of an action-oriented contest, while others go gaga over the realistic physics and heavy-duty customization features of a sim-style game. Rare indeed, almost nonexistent, is a racer that has a legitimate appeal to both camps, a game that blends the elements of action and sim in such a subtle manner that something altogether new is the result."

Next Generation stated that "as it stands in the Japanese version, everything about Gran Turismo is a class act, and it raises the bar for racing games on almost every possible level. Our highest possible recommendation." Reviewing the U.S. release, John Ricciardi and Kraig Kujawa of EGM criticized that it retained the Japanese names and likenesses for many of the cars instead of using the American versions, but were just as enthusiastic about the game as a whole, commenting, "Get used to this quote, 'cause you're gonna hear it a lot: Gran Turismo is the best racing game of all time." Hager and GamePro were less certain of this claim, opining that Gran Turismo contemporary Need for Speed III was at least a viable competitor. IGN described it as the best racing game to date, and especially praised how the game's physics cause cars to react to the environment and the driving in a realistic manner.

The one significant criticism voiced against Gran Turismo was that the licensing procedure is excessively drawn-out and difficult. Broady particularly criticized that passing a licensing exam can be more difficult than winning the race which that license unlocks.

Gran Turismo won "Console Racing Game of the Year" at the 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards (now known as the D.I.C.E. Awards), won "Best Simulation" of 1999 at the Spotlight Awards, won "Best Driving Game" and "Best Graphics" of 1999 according to the staff of PlayStation Official Magazine, and was voted the sixth best game of all time by the magazine's readers in the same issue. At the 1999 edition of the Milia D’Or Awards in Cannes, Gran Turismo won in the "Racing Game" category. In 2000, readers of Computer and Video Games voted it the eighth best video game of all time. Game Informer ranked it the 21st best video game ever made in 2001. The staff felt that the racing genre had not offered as "complete [a] package" as Gran Turismo. In 2017, Gran Turismo was declared the best driving game ever by Top Gear.

In 1999, Next Generation listed Gran Turismo as number 15 on their "Top 50 Games of All Time", commenting that, "Gran Turismo features cars that handle better than any other racing game ever made". In 2006, Gran Turismo was inducted into GameSpots list of the greatest games of all time. In 2015, IGN listed Gran Turismo as the second most influential racing game of all time (after Pole Position), calling it "the grandfather of all modern console racing sims."

Notes

References

References

1. (June 2008). ""Gran Turismo" Series Software Title List". [[Polyphony Digital]].
2. (2008-05-09). "Gran Turismo Series Shipment Exceeds 50 Million Units Worldwide". Sony Interactive Entertainment.
3. (May 12, 1998). "Sony Ships Worlds Greatest Racing Game".
4. (3 April 2015). "The Top 10 Most Influential Racing Games Ever".
5. [http://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-gran-turismo/1100-6148640/ The Greatest Games of All Time: ''Gran Turismo''] {{Webarchive. link. (2017-09-05 , [[GameSpot]])
6. (2013). "Gran Turismo Series Software Title List". polyphony.co.jp.
7. "Reviews and News Articles".
8. (April 1998). "Gran Turismo: The Ultimate Racing Game". [[Ziff Davis]].
9. Vaughn, Mark. (June 3, 2009). "Six questions for the creator of Gran Turismo". AutoWeek Magazine.
10. (August 7, 1999). "Sounds familiar?". [[The Daily Telegraph]].
11. (December 1997). "NG Alphas: Gran Turismo". [[Imagine Media]].
12. Takahashi, Dean. (2010-01-14). "Gran Turismo's Creator Takes a Fifth Stab at a Perfect Racing Game".
13. Ashcraft, Brian. (2013-11-04). "How Sony's Hometown Studio Rose From the Ashes In Time for the PS4".
14. (February 1999). "Prescreen: Gran Turismo 2". Future Publishing.
15. (January 1998). "GT Gran Turismo: Sony's New 'Driving Simulator'". [[Ziff Davis]].
16. "Corporate Profile". polyphony.co.jp.
17. (February 1999). "Prescreen: Gran Turismo 2". Future Publishing.
18. (June 1998). "Gran Turismo".
19. (1998). "Gran Turismo Manual".
20. "Gran Turismo Credits". [[EMI]].
21. Johnston, Chris. (May 18, 1998). "Sony Awards Top PlayStation Games". [[GameSpot]].
22. Ohbuchi, Yutaka. (August 20, 1998). "First Half '98 Top Ten Japanese Games". [[GameSpot]].
23. (2020-01-11). "1998 年 テレビゲームソフト 年間売上 Top 100".
24. (April 22, 1999). "High Scores: Top Titles in the Game Industry". [[Feed Magazine]].
25. (1999). "The Veronis, Suhler & Associates Communications Industry Forecast". [[Veronis, Suhler & Associates]].
26. (January 13, 2000). "Nintendo Dominates Videogame Sales: A small crop of N64 games followed the pace set by Game Boy titles". [[IGN]].
27. (7 February 2000). "Games Industry Sales Top $7.4 Billion in 1999". [[PC Data]].
28. Hawley, Jonathan. (September 13, 1998). "Video killed the racing driver". [[The Age]].
29. (October 1998). "10 million PAL PlayStations". [[Official PlayStation Magazine (Australia)]].
30. (August 26, 1998). "Uhr TCM Hannover – ein glänzender Event auf der CebitHome". Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland.
31. Horn, Andre. (January 14, 2004). "VUD-Gold-Awards 2003".
32. (November 23, 1998). "Die Spaßmaschine". [[Focus (German magazine).
33. (November 27, 1998). "Neues aus der Verbandsgeschäftstelle". Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland.
34. Staff. (February 12, 1999). "Milia News; ECCSELL Awards Name Winners". [[GameSpot]].
35. (15 February 2000). "Le Milia 2000 Annonce Les Gagnants Des Prix ECCSELL, Organisés Par Le Sell en Partenariat Avec Gfk Et Chart-Track". [[Reed Exhibitions.
36. (April 28, 1999). "Results For The Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 1999". [[Sony]].
37. Staff. (July 12, 1999). "''Turismo'' Races Past Two Million". [[GameSpot]].
38. (2000). "[[Guinness World Records". Guinness.
39. (December 22, 2000). "Gran Turismo™ 3 A-spec Delivers the Most Technologically Advanced Racing Experience Exclusively on Playstation®2". [[Sony Computer Entertainment America]].
40. (2018-04-27). "製品情報 {{!}} Polyphony Digital - ポリフォニー・デジタル".
41. "Gran Turismo for PlayStation Reviews". [[CBS Interactive]].
42. Broesder, Chris. "Gran Turismo - Review".
43. Alex C. (1998). "PlayStation Review: Gran Turismo".
44. Edge Staff. (February 1998). "Gran Turismo review".
45. (July 1998). "Review Crew: Gran Turismo". [[Ziff Davis]].
46. Baldric. (May 1998). "Gran Turismo Review (PS)". [[Game Revolution]].
47. Broady, Vincent. (1998-01-15). "Gran Turismo Review".
48. (28 February 2001). "R.I.P. PlayStation: The best of 1995-2001".
49. Boor, Jay. (1998-08-23). "Gran Turismo".
50. (1999). "Play Test: Gran Turismo". [[Official UK PlayStation Magazine]].
51. . (June 1998). "Gran Turismo".
52. Walk, Gary Eng. (1998-06-19). "Gran Turismo".
53. Air Hendrix. (July 1998). "PlayStation ProReview: Gran Turismo". [[International Data Group.
54. (April 1998). "Tour de Force". [[Imagine Media]].
55. "Second Interactive Achievement Awards - Console". Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.
56. "Game Developers Choice Awards". Gamechoiceawards.com.
57. ''Official UK PlayStation Magazine'' issue 50, page 38, [[Future Publishing]], October 1999.
58. Rodger, Jennifer. (February 15, 1999). "Network: An off year for 'offline'".
59. ''Computer and Video Games'' issue 218.
60. Cork, Jeff. (2009-11-16). "Game Informer's Top 100 Games of All Time (Circa Issue 100)".
61. (23 December 2016). "The top 50 best ever driving games: 10-1".
62. (February 1999). "Top 50 Games of All Time". [[Imagine Media]].
63. "The Greatest Games of All Time: ''Gran Turismo''".